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This is the first edited scholarly collection devoted solely to the epistemology of democracy. Its fifteen chapters, published here for the first time and written by an international team of leading researchers, will interest scholars and advanced students working in democratic theory, the harrowing crisis of democracy, political philosophy, social epistemology, and political epistemology. The volume is structured into three parts, each offering five chapters. The first part, Democratic Pessimism, covers the crisis of democracy, the rise of authoritarianism, public epistemic vices, misinformation and disinformation, civic ignorance, and the lacking quantitative case for democratic decision-making. The second part, Democratic Optimism, discusses the role of hope and positive emotions in rebuilding democracy, proposes solutions to myside bias, and criticizes dominant epistocratic approaches to forming political administrations. The third and final part, Democratic Realism, assesses whether we genuinely require emotional empathy to understand the perspectives of our political adversaries, discusses the democratic tension between mutual respect for others and a quest for social justice, and evaluates manifold top-down and bottom-up approaches to policy making.

Pro-regime militias / Clionadh Raleigh and Roudabeh Kishi -- Civilian defense forces and violence against civilians / Andrew Thomson -- State-militia relations and repression / Erica De Bruin -- Science and epistemology as territory in conflict : the U.S. occupation and violence against academics in Iraq / Julie Mazzei -- Violence against civilians and the legitimacy of community-based armed groups in Kenya and Haiti / Moritz Schuberth -- The YPJ of Northeast Syria and the socialization of restraint towards civilians : 'Jin, Jiyan, Azadi' / Mario A. Fumerton, Wladimir van Wilgenburg, and Zinah A.N. Hamawandi -- Conclusion -- the study of militias and violence : where to go from here? / Corinna Jentzsch.

Connecting Virtues examines the significant advances within the fast-growing field of virtue theory and shows how research has contributed to the current debates in moral philosophy, epistemology, and political philosophy.-Includes groundbreaking chapters offering cutting-edge research on the topic of the virtues -Provides insights into the application of the topic of virtue, such as the role of intellectual virtues, virtuous dispositions, and the value of some neglected virtues for political philosophy -Examines the relevance of the virtues in the current debates in social epistemology, the epistemology of education, and civic education -Features work from world-leading and internationally recognized philosophers working on the virtues today.

Utrum sit una tantum vera enumeratio virtutum moralium / Sophie Grace Chappell -- Generosity : a preliminary account of a surprisingly neglected virtue / Christian B. Miller -- An eye on particulars with the end in sight : an account of Aristotelian phronesis / Maria Silvia Vaccarezza -- Honesty as a virtue / Alan T. Wilson -- Virtue epistemology, enhancement, and control / J. Adam Carter -- Epistemic paternalism and the service conception of epistemic authority / Michel Croce -- Neuromedia and the epistemology of education / Duncan Pritchard -- Epistemic vice and motivation / Alessandra Tanesini -- Senses of humor as political virtues / Phillip Deen -- Citizens' political prudence as a democratic virtue / Valeria Ottonelli -- Hope as a democratic civic virtue / Nancy E. Snow

Why compare? -- Controlling narratives -- A question of Europe -- Unsettled settlements -- Food for thought -- Natural mothers and other kinds -- Ethical sense and sensibility -- Making something of life -- The new social contract -- Civic epistemology -- Republics of science

Foreword -- Contents -- Notes on the Contributors -- List of Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: The Problem: Climate Change, Politics and the Media -- Scale: Width, Depth and Time -- Complexity: Knowledge, Civic Epistemology, Institutions, Inequality -- Political Imagination: Planning, Challenging, Deliberating -- Climate Change, Media and Journalism -- Global Geopolitical Reach -- IPCC AR5 and the Dynamics of Global Media Events -- Mainstream Print Bias and the Notion of the "Public" -- The Space of Interpretation: Attention and Access

1.The playful citizen: an introduction /René Glas, Sybille Lammes, Michiel de Lange, Joost Raessens, and Imar de Vries --Part I. Ludo-literacies.Introduction to part I /René Glas, Sybille Lammes, Michiel de Lange, Joost Raessens, and Imar de Vries --2.Engagement in play, engagement in politics: playing political video games /Joyce Neys and Jeroen Jansz --3.Analytical game design: game-making as a cultural technique in a gamified society /Stefan Werning --4.Re-thinking the social documentary /William Uricchio --5.Collapsus, or how to make players become ecological citizens /Joost Raessens --6.The broken toy tactics: clockwork worlds and activist games /Anne-Marie Schleiner --7.Video games and the engaged citizen: on the ambiguity of digital play /Ingrid Hoofd --Part II. Ludo-epistemologies.Introduction to part II /René Glas, Sybille Lammes, Michiel de Lange, Joost Raessens, and Imar de Vries --8.Public laboratory: play and civic engagement /Jessica Breen, Shannon Dosemagen, Don Blair, and Liz Barry --9.Sensing the air and experimenting with environmental citizenship /Jennifer Gabrys --10.Biohacking: playing with technology /Stephanie de Smale --11.Ludo-epistemology: playing with the rules in citizen science games /René Glas and Sybille Lammes --12.The playful scientist: stimulating playful communities for science practice /Ben Schouten, Erik van der Spek, Daniël Harmsen, and Ellis Bartholomeus --13.Laborious playgrounds: citizen science games as new modes of work/play in the digital age /Sonia Fizek and Anne Dippel --Part III. Ludo-politics.Introduction to part III /René Glas, Sybille Lammes, Michiel de Lange, Joost Raessens, and Imar de Vries --14.On participatory politics as a game changer and the politics of participation /Mercedes Bunz --15.Playing with politics: memory, orientation, and tactility /Sam Hind --16.Meaningful inefficiencies: resisting the logic of technological efficiency in the design of civic systems /Eric Gordon and Stephen Walter --17.Permanent revolution: occupying democracy /Douglas Rushkoff --18.The playful city: citizens making the smart city /Michiel de Lange --19.Dissent at a distance /The Janissary Collective (Mark Deuze and Lindsay Ems) --20.Playing with power: casual politicking as a new frame for political analysis /Alex Gekker.

Intro -- Series Editor's Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- Chapter Overviews -- 2 Contextual, Argumentative, and Theoretical Introductions -- Indianapolis and Shortridge High School Circa 1900 -- Shortridge High School -- Contributions to Understanding the Development of Civic Education -- Theoretical Framings -- 3 The Context of Civic Education in the United States Around 1900 -- The Americanization Movement and Civic Education -- Civic Groups Interested in Civic Education -- The Creation of the Social Studies -- The Rise of Curriculum Ideologies -- Donnan, Dunn, and Shortridge as Illustration of the Progressive Era -- 4 Laura Donnan -- Early Life and Influences -- Education and Early Teaching Positions -- School Life -- Professional Life Outside of Shortridge -- Civic Life -- Epistemology and Worldview -- 5 Civic Education at Shortridge High School -- The NEA Speech 1889 -- Primary Source and Text Analysis -- Discussion and Deliberation -- Experiential and Place-Based Learning -- Inquiry-Based Instruction -- Simulation -- The Extracurriculum -- Civic Education at Shortridge -- Decision Making -- Pluralism and Civil Rights -- Civic Activism -- Social Science -- Values and Moral Development -- Final Thoughts on Civic Education at Shortridge -- 6 The Extracurriculum of Shortridge High School -- The Extracurriculum in Turn-of-the-Century Schools -- The Extracurriculum at Shortridge -- Donnan's Extracurriculars -- The Shortridge Senate -- The Daily Echo -- Significance of Extracurriculum at Shortridge -- 7 Arthur Dunn at Shortridge 1900-1910 -- Arthur Dunn Before Shortridge: A Clarification of the Literature -- Arrival at Shortridge High School -- Dunn's "Progressive" Teaching in History and Geography, Not Civics -- Connection to National Municipal League-1905 -- Dunn's Emergence as Civic Expert in Indianapolis-1906.

Knowledge and the early modern city : an introduction / Bert De Munck & Antonella Romano -- The theatrum as an urban site of knowledge in the Low Countries, c. 1560-1620 / Anne-Laure Van Bruaene -- Artisanal "histories" in early modern Nuremberg / Hannah Murphy -- Boatmen, Druids and Parisii in Lutetia : archaeologising Parisian society in eighteenth-century civic epistemology / Stéphane Van Damme -- Stench and the city : urban odours and technological innovation in early modern Leiden and Batavia / Marius Buning -- Cities, long-distance corporations and open air sciences : Antwerp, Amsterdam and Leiden in the early modern period / Karel Davids -- Technology transfer, ship design and urban policy in the age of Nicolaes Witsen / Daniel Margócsy -- André de Avelar and the city of Coimbra : spaces of knowledge and belief during the early modern Iberian Union / Leonardo Ariel Carrió Cataldi -- Roman urbans epistemologies : global space and universal time in the rebuilding of a sixteenth-century city / Elisa Andretta & Antonella Romano -- The library, the city, the empire : de-provincialising Vienna in the early seventeenth century / Paola Molino.

Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: Forensic Facts, the Guts of Rights -- Part I. Evidence and Epistemology -- Chapter 1. The Value(s) of Methods: Method Selection in German Forensic Toxicology in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century -- Chapter 2. The Imperial Serologist and Punitive Self-Harm: Bloodstains and Legal Pluralism in British India -- Chapter 3. Handwriting Analysis as a Dynamic Artisanal Science: The Hardless Detective Dynasty and the Forensic Cultures of the British Raj -- Chapter 4. Spatters and Lies: Contrasting Forensic Cultures in the Trials of Sam Sheppard, 1954-66 -- Part II. Practices of Power and Policing -- Chapter 5. Death and Empire: Medicolegal Investigations and Practice across the British Empire -- Chapter 6. Fingerprints and the Politics of Scientific Policing in Early Twentieth-Century Spain -- Chapter 7. From Bedouin Trackers to Doberman Pinschers: The Rise of Dog Tracking as Forensic Evidence in Palestine -- Chapter 8. "DNA Evidence Cannot Lie": Forensic Science, Truth Regimes, and Civic Epistemology in Thai History -- Part III. Training and Transmitting -- Chapter 9. Cleaning Out the Mortuary and the Medicolegal Text: Ambriose Tardieu's Modernizing Enterprise -- Chapter 10. The Strange Science: Tracking and Detection in the Late Nineteenth-Century Punjab -- Chapter 11. Forensic Knowledge and Forensic Networks in Britain's Empire: The Case of Sydney Smith -- Afterword: A Tale of Two Cities? Locating the History of Forensic Science and Medicine in Contemporary Forensic Reform Discourse -- List of Contributors -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W.

"What is 'legal' about bioethics? What are the ideas and artefacts that bioethics encompasses, and how are they related to law? What is the role of law in bioethics? In this work, Calvin Ho attempts to address these questions in the context of the governance of human pluripotent stem cell research. In essence, he argues that the hybridization of law, through processes, devices and techniques of juridification, has helped to constitute bioethics as a public sphere and an emergent civic epistemology. Drawing on his multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork and on Actor-Network-Theory, Ho explains how the law has, through bioethics, contributed to the scientific and public understanding of human pluripotent stem cell research and its artefacts, particularly the embryo and human-animal combinations. Although the focus of his work is on bioethical developments in Singapore over a period of more than 15 years, parallel developments in key jurisdictions (especially the United States of America and the United Kingdom) and in international science policy are also evaluated. It is through appreciating how it has progressed that bioethics will be better able to engage with future challenges presented by advances in human embryo research and gene editing techniques, among others."--Publisher's website

Introduction / Maria Silvia Vaccarezza and Nancy E. Snow -- Democratic truth-seeking, tribal epistemologies, and trust / Nancy E. Snow -- Democracy, information technology, and virtue epistemology / Jason Baehr -- Misinformation and intentional deception : a novel account of fake news / Michel Croce and Tommaso Piazza -- Post-truth, false balance and virtuous gatekeeping / Alfred Archer and Natascha Rietdijk -- Psychological processes in social media : implications for democracy / Shane Connelly, Marina Mery, and Keith Strasbaugh -- The halo effect, post-truth communication, and practical wisdom / Claudia Navarini, Allegra Indraccolo, Elena Ricci, and Ricardo Brunetti -- Patience, love of truth, and navigating online media in an age of distraction / Jason Kawall -- Anger, moral address and claimant injustice / Alessandra Tanesini -- Reconceiving civic competence for the digital age / Rena Beatrice Goldstein -- The virtues of the E-interlocutor / Howard J. Curzer -- Partisanship and epistemic partiality / Valeria Ottonelli -- Partisanship as virtue and vice / Yuval Eylon -- Post-factualism, political communication and the role of citizens / Maria Paola Ferretti.

Cover -- Half Title -- Endorsement -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Introduction -- Learning From the Global South -- The Arrogance of Western Philosophy -- The Centrality of Critique -- The Genius Motive -- Constructing World History Based On the Scantest of Sources -- Making a Difference in the World -- Structure of this Book -- Bibliography -- 1 Decolonizing Epistemology: Fuzzy Logic -- Ontology, Epistemology, Methodology -- Aristotelian Logic -- Conquest and Categorization -- The World Against Aristotle -- Fuzzy Logic Today: Toward an Operationalization of Fuzzy Logic -- Conclusion -- Note -- Bibliography -- 2 Decolonizing Citizenship: Candomblé Nationhood -- Against Western Epistemological Dominance -- Candomblés Da Bahia -- Candomblé Nationhood -- Salvador: City of Women -- Becoming Yoruba: Joining a Nation By Initiation -- Jus Ritualis -- Implications -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- 3 Decolonizing Republicanism: Maroon Republics -- Free Maroon City-Republics: Cimarron Republicanism -- Maroon Political Autonomy in Colombia: Cimarron Republicanism -- The Loss of Autonomy Republican Palenquera -- Cimarron Resistance: the Kuagro -- The Kuagro as the Matrix for Political and Civic Organizing -- Seeking Political Autonomy -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Bibliography -- 4 First People of the Americas: Lessons On Democracy, Citizenship, and Politics -- Politics -- The State -- Only Tribes Will Survive: Escaping Wétiko -- The Wintukua - Guardians of the Earth -- Political Leadership -- A Culture of Responsibility -- Conclusions -- Notes -- Bibliography -- 5 The African Origins of Democracy -- Counter-history -- The Timeline -- Against Civilization -- Democracy -- Hunter-Gatherer Egalitarianism and Direct Democracy -- Africa -- Egypt, Phoenicia, Babylon, and Carthage -- Women and Rule -- Kgotla -- Conclusion -- Note.

John Stuart Mill (1806–73) was a pioneering British politician and social reformer who is considered one of the most influential social and political theorists of the nineteenth century. His works on logic, epistemology, political philosophy, women's legal rights and economics helped shape emerging radical social and political ideas, and ensured his reputation as one of Britain's foremost radical intellectuals. This volume, first published in 1861, contains Mill's discussion of democracy and the ideal system of government. Writing during a turbulent time in British politics, Mill discusses his political theories concerning democracy and his ideal political institutions and their proper functions, and links these with contemporary political questions including franchise reform, and colonial and federal government. His thoughts concerning the limitations of democracy, the links between performing civic duties, education and voting are fully illustrated in this influential volume, which is reissued from the second edition of 1861

Individuals often view'culture'as activities beyond their interests, associating the concept with exclusivity or high art. To be cultured is often synonymous with engaging in physical expressions of art, like opera, a classical music concert, a museum exhibit or a theater performance. While culture does indeed extend to all these things, it is the internal processes of memory, language, imagination and thought that frequently have more significance than any real-world activity. Culture is day-to-day life, ideas, identity and perception. This book investigates the ways in which thought and belief have inspired collective human endeavors and traditions. It brings the act of thinking into focus, outlining its effect on civic development while exploring the history of cultural epistemology. Spanning time periods and geographic regions, chapters derive new meaning from the connections between thought, belief, tradition and the cultures they create. They explore how active thinking leads to group identity and document the multigenerational ideas and attitudes that have strengthened cultural memory.