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The digital economy, which boasts general technology, intense penetration, platform ecology, and low marginal cost, is a product of advanced digital technology. This new engine has become a driving force for high-quality economic development. From the three aspects of development momentum, efficiency, and structure, this paper profoundly explores internal mechanisms to lead the high-quality growth of the regional economy. By constructing an econometric model, the influence effect and means of the digital economy on the high-quality development of the regional economy are empirically tested. The digital economy and its three sub-dimensions can significantly promote the high-quality development of the regional economy. However, industrial digitalization has the most vital role in promoting it. The digital economy has shown a more vital promotion role in the central and western regions and provinces with low total factor productivity, and it can indirectly impact high-quality economic development by promoting dynamic, efficient, and structural changes.

Concerns about improving social, environmental, and economic living standards are the basis of the triple bottom line (TBL) link to economic development (ED). Aware of the importance of studying their relationship, this article analysed the influence of TBL on ED. A quantitative methodology was used. The sample comprised a panel of data from 2006 to 2019 for OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries. Five multiple linear regression models were estimated by the generalised method of moments. The results of this study revealed that the social dimension of TBL boosts ED, the environmental dimension of TBL slows down ED, and the economic dimension of TBL contains conflicting synergies in ED. The Human Development Index (HDI) should now include indicators of environmental wellbeing. Governments should adopt policies to improve social wellbeing to boost ED, work to coordinate the objectives of environmental protection and ED, and combat vulnerabilities arising from public debt. As one of the first studies to assess the influence of TBL on ED at the country level, the present findings contribute to the reflection about the influence of TBL on a country's ED and strengthens the discussion around the influence of different dimensions of TBL.

Building energy use constitutes a large part of total energy use, both in the European Union and Sweden. Due to this energy use, and the resulting emissions, several goals for energy efficiency and emissions have been set. In Sweden, a large portion of multi-family buildings were built between 1960 and 1980, which have major energy savings potential. The purpose of this paper is further development and validation of previously introduced energy signature method and its inherent parameters. The method was applied on a multi-family building where thermal energy data supplied by the district heating company was available before and after deep renovation. Using IDA ICE, a building energy simulation (BES) software model was created of the building, to aid in validation of the energy signature method. The paper highlighted the accuracy of the proposed energy signature (PES) method and a sensitivity analysis on the inherent parameters have been performed. The results showed new ways of treatment of the thermal energy data and revealed how more information can be extracted from this data. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. ; Funding Agencies|Gavle Energi AB (GEAB), Gavle, Sweden

The article documents five stylized facts of economic growth: (1) the 'residual' (total factor productivity, tfp) rather than factor accumulation accounts for most of the income and growth differences across countries; (2) income diverges over the long run; (3) factor accumulation is persistent while growth is not, and the growth path of countries exhibits remarkable variation; (4) economic activity is highly concentrated, with all factors of production flowing to the richest areas; and (5) national policies are closely associated with long-run economic growth rates. These facts do not support models with diminishing returns, constant returns to scale, some fixed factor of production, or an emphasis on factor accumulation. However, empirical work does not yet decisively distinguish among the different theoretical conceptions of tfp growth. Economists should devote more effort toward modeling and quantifying tfp.

PurposePerformance measurement and management (PMM) systems have traditionally enabled strategy execution within and across firms. However, PMM have been criticized as overly static and deterministic and therefore inappropriate for emergent and dynamic contexts, such as those that characterize business ecosystems.The study aims to address the roles of organizational PMM practices in the development and implementation of business ecosystem strategies.Design/methodology/approachThe authors carried out a qualitative, longitudinal study during 2016–2020 at a Japanese multinational technology corporation attempting to create an ecosystem strategy to expand its market and diversify its offering. The authors collected interview, observation and archival data, spanning the period from framing the initial strategy to establishing the ecosystem.FindingsThe process of developing and implementing the ecosystem strategy was emergent and highly iterative, rather than planned and linear, eventually requiring key decision-makers in the company to challenge some of their deeply held assumptions. PMM practices first acted as barriers to ecosystem development by promoting an excessive focus on revenue generation. Once modified, PMM helped capture, convey and reassess the ecosystem strategy. Performance targets, indicators and strategy maps were not just data gathering and reporting mechanisms but key means to express competing perspectives.Practical implicationsWhen developing an ecosystem strategy, managers should adopt a participatory and iterative approach, reviewing the complementary effects of various PMM tools at different points in time.Originality/valueThe study is among the first to provide an in-depth account of ecosystem strategy creation and implementation and to identify the diverse roles and effects of PMM practices in dynamic and complex contexts.

Wineries face unprecedented challenges due to new market demands and climate change effects on wine quality. New yeast starters including non-conventional Saccharomyces species, such as S. kudriavzevii, may contribute to deal with some of these challenges. The design of new fermentations using non-conventional yeasts requires an improved understanding of the physiology and metabolism of these cells. Dynamic modeling brings the potential of exploring the most relevant mechanisms and designing optimal processes more systematically. In this work we explore mechanisms by means of a model selection, reduction and cross-validation pipeline which enables to dissect the most relevant fermentation features for the species under consideration, Saccharomyces cerevisiae T73 and Saccharomyces kudriavzevii CR85. The pipeline involved the comparison of a collection of models which incorporate several alternative mechanisms with emphasis on the inhibitory effects due to temperature and ethanol. We focused on defining a minimal model with the minimum number of parameters, to maximize the identifiability and the quality of cross-validation. The selected model was then used to highlight differences in behavior between species. The analysis of model parameters would indicate that the specific growth rate and the transport of hexoses at initial times are higher for S. cervisiae T73 while S. kudriavzevii CR85 diverts more flux for glycerol production and cellular maintenance. As a result, the fermentations with S. kudriavzevii CR85 are typically slower; produce less ethanol but higher glycerol. Finally, we also explored optimal initial inoculation and process temperature to find the best compromise between final product characteristics and fermentation duration. Results reveal that the production of glycerol is distinctive in S. kudriavzevii CR85, it was not possible to achieve the same production of glycerol with S. cervisiae T73 in any of the conditions tested. This result brings the idea that the optimal design of mixed cultures may have an enormous potential for the improvement of final wine quality. ; This project has received funding from the Spanish government (MINECO) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the projects IMPROWINE (grant numbers AGL2015-67504-C3-1-R; AGL2015-67504-C3-2-R) to AQ and EB-C and the PROMETEO grant (ref. PROMETEOII/2014/042) from Generalitat Valenciana, Spain, to AQ. JA-d-R was supported by a FPI grant from the Ministerio de Economa y Competitividad, Spain (ref. BES-2013-066434). ; Peer Reviewed

Over the past decades, technological and economic growth has significantly contributed to the improvement of the health care system through increased investment in technological research, training and the application of new technologies in health care. There is evidence that rapid technological and economic growth, contributing to the improvement of the health care system, also leads to a reduction in mortality rates, as well as to a longer life expectancy, which indirectly affects human activity in scientific and political spheres. At the same time, there is evidence that 2.5-micron particles (PM2.5 particles), as a result of industrial development and increased car use, have a negative impact on health outcomes around the world. This paper analyses the impact of increased concentration of PM2.5 particles in the air on economic and technological development, in order to explore whether there is an interdependent relationship between them. The paper aims to clarify the long-term effect of PM2.5 on health outcomes, control of technological and economic growth, as well as other important factors, based on the analysis of given panel data and the application of modern econometric methods. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to provide information on the negative impact of PM2.5 particles on human health, as an indirect impact on the development of new materials and technologies, taking into account socio-economic factors at the global level.

Table of Contents Preface Section 1: Chapter 1 Trade, capital accumulation, and wage differentials: A dynamic model of the comparative advantage theory -- Chapter 2 Ex-post Risk Management of Environmental Contamination of Municipal Water -- Chapter 3 Endogenizing the Reservation Value in Models of Land Development over Time and Under Uncertainty Revisited -- Chapter 4 Illegal Dumping of Industrial Garbage and an Optimal Tax System -- Chapter 5 Natural Disasters, Disaster Recovery Policies, and Regional Economy -- Chapter 6 An investigation of hierarchical central place systems and optimal spatial structures for improving regional welfare -- Chapter 7 Agglomeration and dispersion mechanism of cities system with interior structure -- Chapter 8 Emission Standards versus Emission Taxes with Foreign Firms -- Chapter 9 Budget Deficits of the Central Government and the Decentralization of Local Governments Section 2: Chapter 10 Socio-Economic Factors Affecting the Innovativeness of Start-ups in Japan: Comparative Analysis between Social Enterprises and Commercial Enterprises -- Chapter 11 Multi-agent Simulation for Prediction of Human Behavior during a Hypothetical Earthquake -- Chapter 12 Dynamic Changes in Food Consumption in China: Focusing on the Rice Retail Market -- Chapter 13 Ecological migration policy and livestock farm management -- Chapter 14 Assessment of Policies on Environmental Impacts of Socioeconomic Activities: A Case Study of Kasumigaura Basin, Japan -- Chapter 15 Industrial Agglomeration Due to High-Speed Railway Investment: A Monopolistic Competition Model Impact Assessment -- Chapter 16 Performance Rankings of Asia-Pacific Super Cities by means of Data Envelopment Analysis -- Chapter 17 Econometric Analysis of Economic Growth and Internal Population Migration Based on Three Regions of China -- Chapter 18 Output and Profit Effects of Backward Integration through Joint Projects: A Successive Cournot Oligopoly Model of the Real Estate Industry -- Chapter 19 Analysis of Regional Agricultural Productivity Growth Using the Malmquist Productivity Index: The Case of Chugoku, Japan Section 1: Chapter 1. Trade, Capital Accumulation, and Wage Differentials: A Dynamic Model of the Comparative Advantage Theory -- Chapter 2. Ex-post Risk Management of Environmental Contamination of Municipal Water -- Chapter 3. Endogenizing the Reservation Value in Models of Land Development over Time and Under Uncertainty Revisited -- Chapter 4. Illegal Dumping of Industrial Garbage and an Optimal Tax System -- Chapter 5. Natural Disasters, Disaster Recovery Policies, and Regional Economy -- Chapter 6. An Investigation of Hierarchical Central Place Systems and Optimal Spatial Structures for Improving Regional Welfare -- Chapter 7. Agglomeration and Dispersion Mechanism of Cities System with Interior Structure -- Chapter 8. Emission Standards versus Emission Taxes with Foreign Firms -- Chapter 9. Budget Deficits of the Central Government and the Decentralization of Local Governments -- Section 2: Chapter 10. Socio-Economic Factors Affecting the Innovativeness of Start-ups in Japan: Comparative Analysis between Social Enterprises and Commercial Enterprises -- Chapter 11. Multi-agent Simulation for Prediction of Human Behavior during a Hypothetical Earthquake -- Chapter 12. Dynamic Changes in Food Consumption in China: Focusing on the Rice Retail Market -- Chapter 13. Ecological Migration Policy and Livestock Farm Management -- Chapter 14. Assessment of Policies on Environmental Impacts of Socioeconomic Activities: A Case Study of Kasumigaura Basin, Japan -- Chapter 15. Industrial Agglomeration Due to High-Speed Railway Investment: A Monopolistic Competition Model Impact Assessment -- Chapter 16. Performance Rankings of Asia-Pacific Super Cities by means of Data Envelopment Analysis -- Chapter 17. Econometric Analysis of Economic Growth and Internal Population Migration Based on Three Regions of China -- Chapter 18. Output and Profit Effects of Backward Integration through Joint Projects: A Successive Cournot Oligopoly Model of the Real Estate Industry.-Chapter 19. Analysis of Regional Agricultural Productivity Growth Using the Malmquist Productivity Index: The Case of Chugoku, Japan.

Vitamin A is essential for vision, growth differentiation and proliferation of a wide range of epithelial tissues, bone growth, reproduction and embryonic development. The tolerance data for the target species do not indicate a concern for animal safety considering the maximum values set in the European Union regulation for food producing animals and pets. All consumer exposure calculations demonstrated that liver is the only food of animal origin for which consumption poses a risk to adult consumers. This risk could be considerably reduced, but not eliminated, if the new levels proposed by EFSA for a reduction in the maximum vitamin A content of feedingstuffs were respected. The proposal for a maximum content of vitamin A in complete feed or milk replacers or a maximum daily intake for the target species and categories of target species is presented in this opinion. However, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) notes that the availability of an additional route of administration of vitamin A (e.g. water for drinking) would increase the risk for the consumer. Retinyl esters are irritants to skin and potential skin sensitisers. Data on respiratory toxicity and the levels of exposure of workers that would cause systemic or respiratory toxicity are not available. However, it is likely that workers will be exposed to inhalation by handling certain formulations. The use of vitamin A in animal nutrition up to the maximum contents authorised does not pose a risk to the environment. Retinyl esters are regarded as effective sources of vitamin A.

This paper was prepared for the 2000 European Investment Bank Conference on Economics and Finance: Regional development policy and convergence in the EU. ; This paper surveys the recent literature on convergence across countries and regions. We discuss the main convergence and divergence mechanisms identified in the literature and develop a simple model that illustrates their implications for income dynamics. We then review the existing empirical evidence and discuss its theoretical implications. Early optimism concerning the ability of a human capital-augmented neoclassical model to explain productivity differences across economies has been questioned on the basis of more recent contributions that make use of panel data techniques and obtain theoretically implausible results. Some recent research in this area tries to reconcile these findings with sensible theoretical models by exploring the role of alternative convergence mechanisms and the possible shortcomings of panel data techniques for convergence analysis. ; I gratefully acknowledge financial support from the European Fund for Regional Development, the Spanish Ministry of Education through CICYT grant SEC99-1189 and the European TNR "Specialization vs. diversification: the microeconomics of regional development and the propagation of macroeconomic shocks in Europe."

La presente investigación sistematiza los referentes teóricos y metodológicos de la educación inclusiva y su incidencia en la formación integral de niñas y niños estudiantes de la educación inicial. Responde a un llamado del Ministerio de Educación de Perú dirigido a realizar propuestas para transformar la práctica del docente desde el programa de maestría cursado en la Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola. La metodología utilizada es cualitativa educacional de tipo aplicada, se vale de los procesos cualitativos y cuantitativos que ayudan a obtener la información, analizarla, interpretarla e identificar las categorías emergentes para proponer la transformación. Se emplean diferentes métodos, técnicas e instrumentos que como parte del diagnóstico de campo permitieron constatar el estado actual del fenómeno investigado en la práctica pedagógica. El estudio aborda los referentes teóricos acerca del enfoque de sistema, el socioformativo, el sociocultural y la didáctica general que le dan rigor científico a la propuesta. Como resultado se propone un modelo educativo que integra, desde la gestión y el liderazgo compartido, un sistema de estímulos conducidos por especialistas en permanente aprendizaje, que se concreta en acciones inclusivas orientadas al trabajo cooperativo y desarrollo temprano de las técnicas de intervención a favor del alumnado. Finalmente, se propicia el fortalecimiento de las habilidades diferentes al reorganizarse las aulas con mayor espacio que facilita la realización de las actividades pedagógicas más creativas y estimulantes. ; The purpose of this research is to suggest a contextualized inclusion model to students with different skills in the kindergarten peruvian education. It was used an educational qualitative methodology of applied type, that consists into systematize the theory and relate it with the educative reality looking for practical solutions. The population sample was conformed by the school's principal, ten teachers, nine education assistants, eight parents and ninety students of the selected educative institution. Different instruments were applied as part of the field's diagnosis that allowed to check the present situation of the educative phenomenon, taking into account the analysis of a data reduction and the organization of the information´s categorization. The main findings about the emergent categories were related with the process of inclusive management, teacher's performance and students' behaviour. Through the contextualized model it is first concluded that the management promotes the inclusive education, second, that it will be part of the institutional educative politics expressed in the management's documents and the strategic alignment of the educative community, third, the consolidation of the teacher's performance regarding of the different skills' students, implies a necessary professional renewal and finally, the new environments of the working-sectors enable the full development of the student, through the cooperative work.

In recent decades, the shortage of natural resources like primary raw materials has increasingly shifted into the focus of public discussion and research. Especially in the resource-intensive construction sector the implementation of a circular economy can strongly contribute to a reduction of primary resource demand. Positive developments can be noticed already, but the desired goal of an effective circular economy is still not being reached. For instance, the usage of recycled raw materials as substitutes for primary resources could be significantly higher. In order to implement the protection of resources in the construction sector, it is essential to assess resource-saving measures and their impact on conservations as well as stakeholders motivation to implement them. For this purpose, a Stakeholder-based Assessment Model (SAM) is introduced to provide recommendations for political actions and potent measures to foster the circular economy in the construction sector that lead to increased reuse and recycling of construction materials. In the SAM, relevant actors are identified and their characteristics and preferences as well as the level of influence on each other are modelled and validated for Germany. Moreover, available resource-conserving measures concerning the construction sector are identified and related measures are grouped together. Thereupon the influence of measures on stakeholders and their willingness to take positive actions in terms of a circular economy have been investigated and modelled. Relevant model data has been gathered by intensive literature review, surveys and expert interviews. The results show that measures regarding lifecycle oriented planning of buildings as well as the development of stakeholder cooperation are the most effective ones to save resources and to reduce the disposal of construction material. Furthermore the results demonstrate that a leading role of public authorities is crucial to foster a circular ...

Transmural differences in ventricular myocardium are maintained by electromechanical coupling and mechano-calcium/mechano-electric feedback. In the present study, we experimentally investigated the influence of preload on the force characteristics of subendocardial (Endo) and subepicardial (Epi) single ventricular cardiomyocytes stretched by up to 20% from slack sarcomere length (SL) and analyzed the results with the help of mathematical modeling. Mathematical models of Endo and Epi cells, which accounted for regional heterogeneity in ionic currents, Ca2+ handling, and myofilament contractile mechanisms, showed that a greater slope of the active tension–length relationship observed experimentally in Endo cardiomyocytes could be explained by greater length-dependent Ca2+ activation in Endo cells compared with Epi ones. The models also predicted that greater length dependence of Ca2+ activation in Endo cells compared to Epi ones underlies, via mechano-calcium-electric feedback, the reduction in the transmural gradient in action potential duration (APD) at a higher preload. However, the models were unable to reproduce the experimental data on a decrease of the transmural gradient in the time to peak contraction between Endo and Epi cells at longer end-diastolic SL. We hypothesize that preload-dependent changes in viscosity should be involved alongside the Frank–Starling effects to regulate the transmural gradient in length-dependent changes in the time course of contraction of Endo and Epi cardiomyocytes. Our experimental data and their analysis based on mathematical modeling give reason to believe that mechano-calcium-electric feedback plays a critical role in the modulation of electrophysiological and contractile properties of myocytes across the ventricular wall. © Copyright © 2020 Khokhlova, Konovalov, Iribe, Solovyova and Katsnelson. ; AAAA-A18-118020590031-8 ; Russian Foundation for Basic Research, RFBR: 18-01-00059 ; Russian Science Foundation, RSF: 18-74-10059 ; Funding. Wet experiments were supported by the Russian Science Foundation (#18-74-10059). The development of mouse ventricular cardiomyocyte model was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (#18-01-00059), IIF UrB RAS theme (AAAA-A18-118020590031-8), and by RF Government Act #211 of March 16, 2013 (agreement 02.A03.21.0006).

Multilayer networks, in particular multilayer social networks, where users belong to and interact on different networks at the same time, are an active research area in social network analysis, computer science, and physics. These networks have traditionally been studied within these separate research communities, leading to the development of several independent models and methods to deal with the same set of problems. This book unifies and consolidates existing practical and theoretical knowledge on multilayer networks including data collection and analysis, modeling, and mining of multilayer social network systems, the evolution of interconnected social networks, and dynamic processes such as information spreading. A single real dataset is used to illustrate the concepts presented throughout the book, demonstrating both the practical utility and the potential shortcomings of the various methods. Researchers from all areas of network analysis will learn new aspects and future directions of this emerging field