Suchergebnisse

The inception of the cooperative movement in Sudan dates back to 1933 when a small society was founded at Wad Sulfab village in the Gezira. That nucleus has now developed into 6000 cooperative societies involving about five million people. In 1980 the movement joined the International Cooperative Alliance, and a year later, the Arab Cooperative Union. Among the most important achievements throughout its history are the passage of the 1982 Cooperative Act and the establishment of a Development Cooperative Islamic Bank. (DÜI-Asd)

The paper examines the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO), and it analyzes the role played by the European Union in the landscape of international finance. The aim is to test how far we can conceive of the EU as the heir to the traditional State rule-makers in the sphere of international financial soft-law. In order to do all this, we will first of all describe the historical context in which IOSCO was born, its legal nature, governance procedures and decision-making processes. Then, we will turn to look at the EU and its financial services law, its internal and external competence in order to understand the formal (and informal) role played by the EU in IOSCO. Finally, we will give an account of the quality and quantity of the implementation of IOSCO rules into EU Law of financial services. The result seems to suggest that the European Union is very likely to play an ever increasing role not only within IOSCO but also as a key actor on the global stage of international financial (soft-)law. ; The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007–2013) / ERC Grant Agreement n. [269722]

Recent developments in the world economy have led to a new concept of international relations where emerging markets, notably BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) economies, create a strong counterweight to the already existing world powers of the Triad (US, EU and Japan) in both economic and political areas. This results from the reallocation of global economic activities, global consumption to emerging and developing countries and hence import/export destination shifts. BRICS economies can be described today as being highly integrated into international trade, thus enhancing their engagement in the world economy. Even though the Triad remains among the most important trade partners for BRICS, their total share in BRICS's trade is decreasing. This paper examines changing geographical trade patterns of BRICS's exports in regard to significant changes in global trade shifts within the past decade. The aim of the paper is to identify product groups that are involved in BRICS's trade relations development and show possible diversions. The assessment focuses on regional trade orientation among BRICS themselves and between BRICS and the Triad. The results are further tested on the consistency of the countries' revealed comparative advantage together with the assessment of export trade intro-version, complementarity and trade barriers. The results indicate that BRICS's exports to markets other than the Triad are increasing but consist of less significant product groups. The export intensity assessment provided rather independent evidence of BRICS's current behaviour than BRICS as a group. The most significant trade diversion from the Triad to BRICS was identified for the Mineral fuels, oils, distillation products, etc. product group ex-ported by Brazil and South Africa to China and India.