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"Law of the Sea" published on by Oxford University Press.

Could the war have been blocked?--What will end the World War?--A force to block new wars.--American business and the League of Nations.--Binding the modern world together.--Free seas and closed seas.--Napoleon's decrees and the Kaiser's submarine.--Fighting foreign wars at home.--War prevention versus war cost.--Women, children and embattled nations.--"The power of the purse."--Removing the causes of war.--The Bible warrant for a League of Nations.--A court house for the world.--The sword as final arbiter.--Business the protector of democracy.--The voice of the people.--The new day after the war.--Appendix I. Proposals of the League to enforce peace. II. Referendum no. 11. III. Referendum no. 23. ; Mode of access: Internet.

ABSTRACT Over the course of the past decade, in response to United Nations General Assembly resolutions calling for the protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs), the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization has closed 14 areas around the high-seas portion of Grand Bank and Flemish Cap to protect deep-sea coral and sponge habitats from impacts by bottom-contact fishing gears. Structural and functional connectivity for those areas were not explicitly considered in the area-selection process. We applied a particle-tracking model in each of four seasons to produce dispersal trajectories at the surface and 100 m from start points within the closed areas. These were run in forecast and hindcast modes to identify dispersal kernels. Currents at the surface, 100 m, 1000 m and "on bottom" were examined under an independent model (NEMO) to infer structural connectivity among the areas at relevant depths not available in the particle-tracking model. Spawning times and planktonic larval duration of the dominant sponges, sea pens and gorgonian corals were then considered to evaluate the trajectories as biophysical models, while species distribution models identified potential source populations from hindcast projections. Five of the 14 areas, including the three largest closures, showed particle retention, with three others showing retention within 10 km of their boundaries. The regional pattern of currents and their topographic forcing emerged as a strong structuring agent. A system of weakly-connected closed areas to protect sea pen VMEs on Flemish Cap was identified. The conducted approach illustrates the added value of assessing/modelling networking properties when designing MPAs. HIGHLIGHTS Connectivity models greatly enhance understanding of protected area conservation. Most tracking model scenarios predict larval export from the region. Extreme topographic steering is a major influence on connectivity below 100 m. Bio-physical models predict self-recruitment in or near 8 of 14 closed areas. A weak network ...

Manuscript of the paper presented at the Sophistication Conference 2019, "Copia and Copiousness", 14-16 November 2019, TU Wien, Panel 2: "All, and then Some". ; If modernity was supposed to be the age in which world-images were abrogated or discredited as world-views, or as ideologies to be critiqued and deconstructed, our contemporary condition seems to be faced with an unexpected reappearance of images and of their importance for orienting our values. Instead of coming from mythology, theology or philosophy, these "world-pictures" are rather 'renderings' and 'accounts' of scientific models; by conceiving and studying their subject as a closed environment-as an oikos, a 'house'-disciplines like economy and ecology are able to project their own picture of the world. Yet, such pictures become normative (they acquire the power to legitimate policies) only when they are pushed to their own limit; in other words, these pictures become images whenever they stage the crisis of their own model. But is this phenomena limited to the contemporary condition and to its presumedly singular 'criticality', or is it rather pertaining to 'human' orders and to 'artificial' techniques at large? Looking at the interplay between images and crisis might open up a field of perspectives able, if not to escape, at least to rethink any apocalyptic prophecy, for how 'scientific' its base might be. ; 1 ; 18 ; 18

Morsko razgraničenje u uvjetima poluzatvorenog mora poput Jadrana uvijek je složeno pitanje. Prvi bilateralni sporazum o granici na moru u Jadranskome moru postignut je već u prvoj etapi u povijesti morskoga razgraničenja, no nakon političkih promjena u početku 1990-ih i povećanja broja obalnih država, potencijalni sustav morskih granica postao je još složeniji nego dotad. U izlaganju se daje pregled razvitka sustava morskih granica, naglašavaju se postojeći granični sporovi te naposljetku vrednuju i mogućnosti rješenja spornih točaka, pod pretpostavkom da sređen sustav morskih granica pridonosi općoj regionalnoj stabilnosti. ; The delimitation of maritime boundaries in semi-closed seas such as Adriatic is always a complex issue. The first bilateral maritime boundary agreement in the Adriatic Sea was reached at an early stage in the history of maritime delimitation, but potential offshore boundary system became more complicated following political changes in the 1990's and increase in the number of coastal states. This paper provides an overview of the development of maritime boundary system in the Adriatic, highlights disputes and remaining problems and evaluates potential solutions to disputes, claiming that completion of maritime boundary system should enhance regional stability.

Navigational rights and freedoms have been central to the development of the law of the sea since the original debates over whether the seas were `open' or `closed' to maritime traffic. The 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea recognises the legitimate rights of coastal states to proclaim sovereignty and assert jurisdiction over vast areas of maritime space. In return, maritime states are given a range of navigational rights over waters ranging from the territorial sea through to the high sea. The new regime of the law of the sea created by the Convention presents an opportunity to review developments in the law of navigational rights and freedoms. This book assesses the navigational regime established by the 1982 Convention, with emphasis given to the continuing importance of the freedom of the seas. Navigation in the territorial sea and international straits is reviewed, especially in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore, and the Torres Strait. Archipelagic navigation from the perspective of two claimant states, Indonesia and the Philippines, and a user state, South Korea, is also considered. The interaction of environmental concerns with navigational rights is an important feature of the current law of the sea regime with relevant conventions assessed and the role of the International Maritime Organization in developing navigational standards considered. Both European and Canadian practice in the protection of sensitive marine environments and the impact upon navigational rights is also considered. Finally, the roles of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea and the International Maritime Organization in dispute resolution are reviewed, before a concluding consideration of the future for navigational rights and freedoms in the twenty-first century

U radu je riječ o ranjivosti i zaštiti morskih okoliša dvaju poluzatvorenih mora, Jadrana i Baltika, u smislu fizičkih i socio-ekonomskih čimbenika.Opisani su institucionalni i tehnički instrumenti i politike zaštite i komentirani na globalnoj, paneuropskoj, EU i regionalnoj razini. Rad ističe (za Baltik) pionirsku ulogu Helsinške konvencije, koju 1974. godine potpisuju baltičke obalne države, prema kojoj su svi izvori onečišćenja podvrgnuti jednom instrumentu. Ne postoji sličan toliko sveobuhvatan sporazum još na polu-zatvorenom Jadranskom moru, ali zaštita Jadrana je uključena u Barcelonskoj konvenciji, potpisanoj 1976. g. od 16 država i Europske unije (trenutno postoje 22 stranaka Konvencije), koja predstavlja nastavak pionirskog (za Jadran) Mediteranskog akcijskog plana, a potpisale su ga ugovorne stranke 1975. godine. Baltik, s 90 milijuna ljudi u slivnom području, je ekonomski dobro razvijeno područje; od devet njegovih obalnih država, osam je članica EU. Slivno područje Jadrana, na kojem živi oko 15 milijuna ljudi, odlikuje se većim socijalno-ekonomskim suprotnostima, s Italijom kao dominantnom državom u veličini populacije i ekonomije. Poljoprivreda, industrija, prijevoz, ribarstvo, turizam, i neodrživa nasljeđa ophođenja prema okolišu iz prošlosti predstavljaju najveća morska i obalna opterećenja Jadrana i Baltika. Jadran, opterećen prijevoznim putevima naftnih plovila, jedno je od najosjetljivijih područja na Mediteranu. ; The paper studies the vulnerability and protection of marine environments of two semi-closed seas, the Baltic and the Adriatic, in terms of physical and socio-economic factors. Institutional and technical instruments and policies of protection, at global, pan-European, EU and regional levels, are reviewed. The pioneering role (for Baltic) of the Helsinki Convention, signed in 1974 by the Baltic coastal states, is highlighted, whereby all sources of pollution were made subject to one single instrument. There is no similar comprehensive agreement yet on the semi-closed Adriatic Sea, but protection of the Adriatic Sea is included in the Barcelona Convention signed in 1976 by 16 states and the European Union (presently there are 22 parties to the convention) which was a follow up of the pioneering (for Adriatic) Mediterranean Action Plan signed by contracting parties in 1975. The Baltic region, with 90 million people in its catchment area, is economically well developed; out of nine of its coastal states, eight are EU members. The catchment area of the Adriatic, home to about 15 million people, is characterised by even larger socio-economic contrasts, with Italy as the dominating player as for population size and the economy. The marine and coastal environmental burdens of both the Baltic and the Adriatic are mainly due to agriculture, industry, shipping, fisheries, and tourism, not to forget the legacies of unsustainable past. The Adriatic, a busy transportation route for oil vessels, is one of the most vulnerable areas in the Mediterranean.

This book is the first on the history of the marine fisheries of Southeast Asia. It takes as its central theme the movement of fisheries into new fishing grounds, particularly the diverse ecosystems that make up the seas of Southeast Asia. This process accelerated between the 1950s and 1970s in what the author calls ?the great fish race?. Catches soared as the population of the region grew, demand from Japan and North America for shrimps and tuna increased, and fishers adopted more efficient ways of locating, catching, and preserving fish. But the great fish race soon brought about the severe depletion of one fish population after another, while pollution and the destruction of mangroves and coral reefs degraded fish habitats. Today the relentless movement into new fishing grounds has come to an end, for there are no new fishing grounds to exploit. The frontier of fisheries has closed. The challenge now is to exploit the seas in ways that preserve the diversity of marine life while providing the people of the region with a source of food long into the future

Intro -- Title page -- PRESENTATION -- INTRODUCTION -- CHAPTER VII - Evolving Social and Economic Systems Rules -- Today's Structural Failings -- Then, How Do We Address These Failings? -- Structural Evolution of our Societies -- CHAPTER VIII - The Emergence of New Socio-economic Dynamics -- The Trust Friction -- The Geographical Friction -- New Rules, New Game -- CHAPTER IX - The Paradigm Shift -- Theoretical Insight -- The Evolutionary Hybrid Mechanism -- CHAPTER X - From Closed to Open Seas -- The "Traditional Market" Economy -- The Third Millennium Socio-economic Game -- CHAPTER XI - The Retooling of our Resource Allocation Process - An Example -- Central Banks-issued Crypto Currencies -- Hybrid Credit Notes, or the Emergence of an Implied Monetary System -- An Example - Natural Capital Asset Currencies -- Monetary System 2.0 -- BOOK II CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- GLOSSARY -- Copyright.

В статье анализируется процесс становления стратегического региона на Кольском Севере. Представление о суровости природных условий Заполярья длительное время мешало осознанию государственной властью преимуществ освоения незамерзающего побережья Баренцева моря. Одна­ко ограниченность закрытых бассейнов Балтийского и Черного морей в условиях нарастающего дефицита геополитического ресурса заставила государственную власть уделить приоритетное вни­мание достижению своих стратегических целей на Севере. ; The forming of the strategic region on the Kola North is analyzed in the article. The belief that the climate of the Transpolar region is extremely severe hindered the realization of government interests. on the ice-free coastal area of the Barents sea for a long time. However, the limitation of the closed Baltic and Black seas in the conditions of growing deficit of the geopolitical resource contributed to the de­velopment of the Russian strategy in the North.