Suchergebnisse

[spa] En esta nota se resumen los aspectos más destacados del octavo informe sobre la cohesión económica, social y territorial de la Unión Europea, que recientemente ha visto la luz - - [eng] This note summarizes the highlights of the eighth cohesion report, on report on the economic, social and territorial cohesion of the European Union, which has recently come to light

En esta nota se resumen los aspectos más destacados del octavo informe sobre la cohesión económica, social y territorial de la Unión Europea, que recientemente ha visto la luz.

Improving EU and US Immigration Systems' Capacity for Responding to Global Challenges: Learning from Experiences ; Recent decades saw increasing levels of immigration to European countries. This has lead to a more diverse population in Europe, and often this increased diversity is seen as a challenge to social cohesion. At the beginning of the 21st century, the political rhetoric has become harsher, with immigration, Islam, and security increasingly mentioned in one breath. Economic pressures because of global recession are similar in most European countries, leading to lower levels of economic integration, and thus may affect social cohesion. The article presents a number of reasons why reactions differ across Europe. Reasons include the ability of immigrants to adjust the recession, or different historical legacies of immigration. Moreover, the role of the welfare state in issues of immigration and social cohesion is highlighted. The welfare state plays an important role in cultural and social integration – which can differ significantly from economic integration – and can explain why social cohesion and the state of the economy are not directly linked. In European countries, the welfare state to some degree counters purely economic trends. Additionally, the article argues that stricter immigration policies tend not to affect areas directly relevant to social integration and social cohesion, where there are possibly no real alternatives to encouraging integration. Yet, the perception in society that social cohesion is under threat can lead to hostile reactions, but this is not necessarily the case. The political system and historical differences play a crucial role in how issues of immigration are politicized in times of economic crisis.

This article is third in a series of four describing and integrating a multidimensional approach for measuring and understanding small group process. The construct of cohesion is reviewed and the multidimensional approach is applied to evidence, both conceptual and empirical, resulting from studies of cohesion. Observations and conclusions are discussed regarding cohesion and its current state.

This article is third in a series of four describing and integrating a multidimensional approach for measunng and understanding small group process. The construct of cohesion is reviewed and the multidimensional approach is applied to evidence, both conceptual and empirical, resulting from studies of cohesion. Observations and conclusions are discussed regarding cohesion and its current state.

The purpose of this paper is to provide an insight on the concept of territorial cohesion in the direction of its enhancing the EU Cohesion Policy. In order to present that territorial cooperation as a new way of overcoming the problems of the EU regions, especially with regard to the current economic crisis, the paper will at first refer to the evolution of economic and social cohesion into a territorial cohesion which if it were to be appropriately implemented could lead to a maximum usage of the so called territorial capital and potential of the urban regions defined as urban systems. Furthermore, the paper will shed a critical reflection on the issue of "Whether [or not] there is a need to reconsider/revise EU Cohesion Policy by actively implementing the concept of territorial cohesion?", Therefore the paper shall try to answer whether territorial cohesion could actually become a 'bridging concept', by explaining the functionality of this concept in practice, due to the very fact that it represents a combination of territorial cooperation policy and EU Cohesion Policy. Finally, the paper will present the process of how to build EU territorial cohesion policy perceived through the EU institutions (also referring to the Territorial Agenda 2020 and the Territorial State and Perspectives 2020), and will further reflect on the capacity of this instrument to turn territorial diversities into strength. It is expected that the conclusions that shall be drawn in this paper will demonstrate that it is the territorial cohesion concept that will represent a driving force for both the successful realization of the agenda Europe 2020 as well the overcoming of the existing disparities among the EU regions.

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationship between group cohesion and individual work output (effort) in sport teams. Results showed that athletes who scored high on the Individual Attractions to the Group Task (AGT-T) Scale from the Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ) worked harder (predicted from a bag of expired air at the end of training and expressed as apercentage relative to the maximal volume of oxygen consumption) than athletes who scored low on the ATG-T The results extend previous research that has shown that cohesion is positively associated with individual adherence in sport teams and exercise classes. Recommendations forfuture research are discussed.

The 1993 Union Treaty sets forth a process of deepening and widening of the European single market by creating institutions in which decisions are taken as dose as possible to the citizen" and by establishing the ECU as single currency before the end of the century. If it succeeds in inducing diverse nation-states into changing their economic regimes in the direction of price stability, the process may spread throughout the emerging European economy. Deepening implies cohesion, but, since the current divergence of national incomes per capita among union states matches the one observed among Swiss cantons, further convergence is likely to be gradual. As income redistribution among union states requires higher taxes, it impinges on national political processes and implies that appropriate medium-term convergence programs must be implemented, especially in the so-called cohesion states. Political stability and a social consensus about the regime change will in turn facilitate the fulfillment of the criteria for fiscal discipline set out in the Treaty. The regime change should have taken place during the first phase of economic and monetary union, which began on July 1, 1990, so that convergence may endure during the second phase, beginning January 1, 1994. But the medium term orientation of national budgetary consolidation is not credible until headline inflation is in single digits and the ability to stabilize a convertible currency has been tested in world financial markets. Membership in the European Monetary System does not suffice: discipline must be domestically generated, especially under the current wide fluctuation margins. In spite of several currency realignments in 1992 and in 1993, the reputation for financial stability acquired during the run-up to the single market was maintained in cohesion states. The regime changes in Ireland (1986), Spain (1989) and Portugal (1992) will become benchmarks even beyond the continent if the credibility of national policies is sustained until the third and final phase of economic and monetary union and incomes per capita continue to converge. ; N/A

This article formulates a comprehensive & systematic taxonomy of micro level explanations of party cohesion; party cohesion being understood as party group members acting in unity externally. This apparatus is used in an analysis of party cohesion in the final divisions in the Danish Parliament, where cohesion figures are among the highest in the liberal democratic world. The investigation is based on interviews, survey data, & data on voting behavior. The main explanations of the high level of cohesion are the absence of disagreement in the party groups & a moral commitment to the party. Variation among MPs, parties, & topics is also documented & discussed. The cohesion of each party & the compliant behavior of individual MPs are related to the importance MPs ascribe to representing their party. Furthermore, divisions on moral issues, EU integration & local matters show lower than normal degrees of cohesion. 5 Tables, 1 Figure. Adapted from the source document.