Suchergebnisse

U naslovu rada je upitnik: to upućuje na pravnu problematiku koja još nije definitivno razriješena. Temeljno pravno pitanje na koje ovaj članak odgovara moglo bi se ovako formulirati: imaju li vjernici laici crkvenu vlast upravljanja ili u njoj mogu samo surađivati? Povod raspravi dale su dvije kanonske odredbe sadašnjeg Zakonika kanonskog prava: prva se odnosi na mogućnost suradnje vjernika laika u vlasti upravljanja (kan. 129, § 2), a druga na mogućnost da vjernici laici budu imenovani crkvenim sudcima (kan. 1421, § 2), što je služba povezana s obavljanjem odgovarajuće vlasti. Je li posrijedi nedosljednost u samom Zakoniku ili je moguće doći do sinteze? U pokušaju odgovora na to pitanje autori induktivnom metodom najprije govore općenito o vlasti upravljanja u Crkvi, a zatim o vjernicima laicima te općenito o njihovim pravima i obvezama u Crkvi. Zatim pristupaju analizi kan. 129, § 2 i kan. 1421, § 2, s posebnim osvrtom na izvore koji su utjecali na formulaciju tih kanona. Konačno, predstavljaju dvije škole, rimsku i münchensku, te dvije teorije, sakramentalnu i nesakramentalnu o izvorima i prenošenju svete vlasti (sacra potestas) u Crkvi. Moguće rješenje postavljenog pitanja i svojevrsnu sintezu u zaključku pronalaze u dvostrukoj izvornosti i dvostrukom prenošenju jedne i jedine Kristove vlasti u Crkvi: po sakramentu sv. reda i po kanonskom poslanju (missio canonica) u ime Crkve. ; Summary In this unsolved issue of the Canon law, the basic juridical question could be expressed in this way: do the lay faithful possess the ecclesiastical power of governance, or they can only participate in it? The discussion is motivated by two paragraphs of the current Canon Law. The first one deals with the possibility of collaboration of the lay faithful in the exercise of the power of governance (can. 129, § 2). The other one refers to the possibility for lay faithful to be appointed for ecclesiastical judges (can. 1421, § 2), which is linked to exercise of the power of governance. Is the Cannon law incoherent, or a synthesis is possible? The authors following the inductive method firstly explain the power of governance in the Church, then the status of the lay faithful, and their general rights and duties in the Church. Then the authors analyze the cannons 129, § 2 and 1421, § 2, giving particular attention to the sources that influenced the formulation of these canons. Finally, they present the theories of the Roman and the Munich school, the sacramental and the non sacramental theory, regarding the sources and transmission of the sacred power (sacra potestas) in the Church. The possible solution and synthesis are found in the double source and the double tradition of the one and only Christ's power in the Church, by the sacrament of Holy Orders, and the canonic mission (missio canonica) in the name of the Church.

Suradnja kemičara, liječnika i urologa s Instituta Ruđer Bošković Zagreb, Instituta za medicinska istraživanja i medicinu rada Zagreb te Kliničke bolnice Osijek (danas Kliničkoga bolničkoga centra Osijek) započela je prije više od tridesetak godina na projektima povezanim s nastankom urolitijaze. Sama istraživanja pridonijela su novim spoznajama o različitim faktorima važnim za nastajanje kamenaca, dijagnosticiranje i liječenje urolitijaze. Više radova objavljeno je u znanstveno-stručnom časopisu Medicinski vjesnik (1984. i 1985.) te u knjizi Urolitijaza (1989.). U radu V. Babić-Ivančić i sur., objavljenom u Medicinskom vjesniku 2004. godine, danje detaljan pregled bazičnih, primijenjenih i kliničkih istraživanja do 2004. godine na zajedničkim projektima financiranim iz Hrvatske (MZOŠ) i na međunarodnim projektima (EZ, USA, TEMPUS) provedenim u trima suradnim ustanovama čiji su rezultati objavljeni u znanstvenim časopisima i/ili prezentirani na znanstvenim skupovima u zemlji i inozemstvu. U ovome radu dat će se osvrt na rezultate istraživanja, te suradnju u vremenskom razdoblju od 2004. godine do danas (2010.). Iz ranijih istraživanja te istraživanja u zadnjih šest godina dat će se viđenje o istraživanjima te problematike u budućnosti. ; Collaboration between chemists, physicians and urologists from the Ruđer Bošković Institute, the Institute for Medical Research and the Occupational Health and Clinical Hospital Osijek, has started more than 30 years ago through the projects in the filed of urolithiasis. Those investigations have contributed to new understandings of risk factors for kidney stones formation and also for diagnostic and therapy of urolithiasis. Several articles have been published in the journal "Medicinski vjesnik (1984 and 1985) and in the book "Urolitijaza (1989.). The article published in 2004 (Babić-Ivančić V, et al; Medicinski vjesnik presented the review of basic and clinical investigations which results have been published in scientific journals or presented at the scientific conferences til 2004 and financed by the Croatian Ministry of Science, European Union, USA or TEMPUS. This article presents the results of investigations from 2004 until today and also gives a vision about future scope in this issue.

A society's reality should be reflected in education, that is, educational methods need to keep up with the times. The purpose of this research is to examine the educational methods for the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in the education system of Korea. The sample of the research targeted the Korean education system from 1960 to the present in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. A literature review and a descriptive approach were applied to analyze the sample, and the findings indicate that the education system of Korea may be classified into three stages from 1960 to the present. The first stage was nationalism, driven by the government, from 1960 to 1994; the second stage was liberalism, which emphasized autonomy, from 1995 to 2015; and the third stage was creativity for the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, from 2016 to the present. These results indicate that the education stages of nationalism and liberalism still exist in Korea and that past education methods, such as mass education, have not been replaced. The Fourth Industrial Revolution requires fusion and collaboration in the education sector, and a personalized learning system, which values individual talents, experiences and aptitudes, will expectedly be a crucial factor in determining the educational methods of Korea in the Fourth Industrial Revolution, as this research suggests. ; Obrazovne potrebe trebaju odražavati stvarnost društva, a obrazovne metode ići ukorak s vremenom. Cilj je ovoga istraživanja ispitati obrazovne metode u vremenu četvrte industrijske revolucije u obrazovnom sustavu Koreje. Uzorkom istraživanja obuhvaćen je korejski obrazovni sustav od 1960. do danas, u kontekstu četvrte industrijske revolucije. Za analizu uzorka korišteni su pregled literature i deskriptivni pristup. Rezultati pokazuju da se u obrazovnom sustavu Koreje od 1960. do danas mogu razlikovati tri stadija: prvi je nacionalizam, potaknut od strane vlade, od 1960. do 1994. godine; drugi je liberalizam, koji je naglašavao autonomiju, od 1995. do 2015. i treći, kreativnost tijekom četvrte industrijske revolucije, od 2016. do danas. Rezultati ovoga istraživanja pokazuju da su obrazovni stadiji nacionalizma i liberalizma još uvijek prisutni u Koreji i da obrazovne metode prošlosti, poput masovnoga obrazovanja, nisu prevladane. Četvrta industrijska revolucija zahtijeva stapanje i suradnju unutar obrazovnoga sektora, a očekuje se da personalizirani sustav učenja, koji vrednuje pojedinačne talente, iskustva i sklonosti, bude obrazovna metoda budućnosti korejskoga obrazovanja. Stoga, ovo istraživanje pokazuje da će personalizirani sustav učenja biti odlučujući čimbenik u određivanju obrazovnih metoda Koreje u periodu četvrte industrijske revolucije.

Mapire enables one to navigate historical maps of the Habsburg Empire. The name Mapire came from the words Map and Empire, implying the very essence of the portal. The main goal of the portal, as its creators say, is to create an international collaboration to make this content available to the world in a common interface using latest GIS features. Mapire has been created in collaboration between the following institutes: • Austrian State Archives as the owner of the first and second military surveys • Hungarian National Archives as the owner of Hungarian cadastral maps • Croatian State Archives as the owner of Croatian cadastral maps • Hungarian War Archives as the owner of the third military survey • City Archives of Budapest as the owner of the maps of Budapest • Arcanum Adatbázis Kft as the developer and operator of the project • Department of Geophysics and Space Science, ELTE as the scientific background ; Internetski portal Mapire korisnicima omogućuje pregledavanje starih karata Habsburške Monarhije. Naziv Mapire nastao je sintezom riječi karta (eng. map) i carstvo (eng. empire) čime se može naslutiti sadržaj portala. Glavni cilj portala je, kako kažu i njegovi kreatori, stvoriti međunarodnu suradnju kako bi se taj materijal ponudio u obliku jednostavnog sučelja potkrijepljenog suvremenim GIS rješenjima. Internetski portal Mapire nastao je suradnjom sljedećih institucija: • Austrijski državni arhiv kao vlasnik karata prve i druge vojne izmjere • Mađarski nacionalni arhiv kao vlasnik katastarskih planova Mađarske • Hrvatski državni arhiv kao vlasnik kopija katastarskih planova Hrvatske • Mađarski vojni arhiv kao vlasnik karata treće vojne izmjere • Gradski arhiv grada Budimpešte kao vlasnik povijesnih karata Budimpešte • Arcanum Adatbázis Kft kao izvođač projekta • Department of Geophysics and Space Science, ELTE kao znanstvena podrška projektu

The author describes the basic features of work in the Journalistic Workshop as a specific format of promoting journalistic knowledge & skills. After the two-year collaboration of three generations of young journalists with a group of Croatian & foreign media experts, a survey was conducted about the usefulness of this Workshop. The central conclusion is that a large majority of the participating journalists highly appreciated the knowledge gained through it. Particularly encouraging is the fact that most respondents have been able to use this knowledge regardless of the type of media they are working for (whether state-controlled or opposition-controlled). The participants think that responsibility for not following professional standards in journalism lies with "editors afraid of any changes" or "owners weary of any changes." After the three-month journalistic training, eight of the participants enrolled at the Faculty of Political Science, Dept of Journalism. 4 References. Adapted from the source document.

This paper summarises some recent developments in INSPIRE implementation from the JRC (Joint Research Centre) point of view. The INSPIRE process started around 11 years ago and today, clear results and benefits can be seen. Spatial data are more accessible and shared more frequently between countries and at the European level. In addition to this, efficient, unified coordination and collaboration between different stakeholders and participants has been achieved, which is another great success. The JRC, as a scientific think-tank of the European Commission, has played a very important role in this process from the very beginning. This role is in line with its mission, which is to provide customer-driven scientific and technical support for the conception, development, implementation and monitoring of European Union (EU) policies. The JRC acts as the overall technical coordinator of INSPIRE, but it also carries out the activities necessary to support the coherent implementation of INSPIRE, by helping member states in the implementation process. Experiences drawn from collaboration and negotiation in each country and at the European level will be of great importance in the revision of the INSPIRE Directive, which is envisaged for 2014. Keywords: spatial data infrastructure (SDI); INSPIRE; development; Joint Research Centre (JRC) ; U radu je prikazano aktualno stanje u implementaciji INSPIRE-a iz perspektive JRC-a (Joint Research Centre, Zajednicki istraživački centar). INSPIRE proces započet je prije 11 godina i danas su vidljivi jasni rezultati i koristi. Prostorni podaci su dostupniji i više se razmjenjuju između pojedinih zemalja i na europskoj razini. Osim toga, ostvarena je učinkovita i jedinstvena koordinacija i suradnja između različitih subjekata i sudionika što je također velik uspjeh. JRC kao "znanstveni mozak" Europske komisije ima vrlo važnu ulogu u INSPIRE procesu od njegova početka. Ta je uloga u skladu s misijom JRC-a, a to je pružanje znanstvene i tehničke podrške u osmišljavanju, razvoju, implementaciji i praćenju politika Europske unije (EU). JRC je tehnički koordinator INSPIRE-a i zadužen je za pružanje podrške zemljama članicama u dosljednoj implementaciji INSPIRE-a. Iskustva u kolaboraciji i pregovorima s pojedinim zemljama kao i na europskoj razini imaju važnu ulogu u reviziji INSPIRE direktive, koja je predviđena u 2014. godini. Ključne riječi: infrastruktura prostornih podataka (IPP); INSPIRE; razvoj; Zajednički istraživacki centar (Joint Research Centre, JRC)

The most important changes in cartography are associated with the development of computer technology, and regarding the function and usage of maps, the accent has been given to cartographic visualisation. Animation, multimedia presentation, Internet, WWW, market economy and politics have remarkably influenced cartography. The paper emphasises the need for closer collaboration of experts in informatics, geodesists, geographers, spatial planners and others with cartographers. The future of cartography is associated with map production, GIS, visualisation of spatial databases, and the production of detailed three-dimensional landscape presentations. ; Najvažnije promjene u kartografiji vezane su uz razvoj računalne tehnologije i geoinformacijskih sustava (GIS-a), a glede funkcije i upotrebe karata naglasak je na kartografskoj vizualizaciji. Na kartografiju također znatno utječu animacija, multimedijski prikazi, Internet, WWW, tržišno gospodarstvo ipolitika. Kartografija se mijenja od ponudom vođene do zahtjevom vođene kartografije. U radu je posebno istaknuta potreba uže suradnje informatičara, geodeta, geografa, prostornih planera i drugih s kartografima. Budućnost kartografije nije samo u izradi karata, već i u GIS-ovima, vizualizaciji prostornih baza podataka i izradi detaljnih trodimenzionalnih prikaza krajolika.

From the class meeting in Bruck in 1578 to Berlin Congress in 1878, i. e. from the very beginning till the end of its fundamental function, Military Border goes through various and very complex processes. Its problems in the 1850-ies are the topic of this paper. In spite of clear demands of political circles in Zagreb concerning the Military Border, the Monarchy in Vienna tries to protect it as a distinctly military institution that will not act against Hungary only but against national integration on the Balkan and Apenine Peninsula too. After the revolution in 1848/49 military and court circles in the Austrian monarchy invest special labours to turn the Military Border into a corpus separatum where military tradition will be further cherished, with corporal strictness, waiting for the development of events on the East, particularly in Bosnia and Herzegovina. With the presence of Vienna and Budapest, especially after 1849, solving of the Military Border question is affected strongly by the impulse coming just from Zagreb. Trying to gather around itself the separated Croatian territories as soon as possible, Zagreb supported in the Military Border question up to Austro-Hungarian agreement in 1867 the opinion about the need of administrative integration of military and civil territories of Croatia. But, because the administrative integration does not put in the first plan demilitarization of Military Border, there appear due to such political conception in Zagreb some fundamental prerequisites for the collaboration between military and royal circles in Vienna and Croatian politicians. However, this collaboration left no deeper traces in the Croatian politics. The last ''Basic Law of Military Border", accepted in 1850, rejects all the projects of political representation of Croatia about the future of Military Border. The project has been saved as Jelačić's "Military Border Foundation" from 1849. In spite of expectations of Croatian politicians the last "Military Border Foundation" from 1850 tries to contribute to stabilization of Military Border mechanism and to its preserving. This new Military Border's constitution, contrary to demands of Croatian representatives formulated in the "Military Border Foundation" in 1849, declares the whole Military Border to be a part of the imperial army. Although the basic intention of that Law was to subordinate social relationships in Military Border to its main task, i. e. to supply the Monarchy permanently with cheap army, still it did not succeed to stop the process of social differentiation and destruction of outlived forms of traditional Military Border society, In this paper are analyzed first of all those social phenomena in Military Border which point to the movement of the social structure and the crisis of traditional military-rural society. Besides problems of disharmony between legal superstructure and social reality there are analyzed the efforts of Croatian business circles to hold back - by means of concentrating merchants and craftsmen in Croatia under the ban and in Military Border - the Austrian capital existing for centuries in Military Border, that important part of Croatian territories.

The aim of this paper is to portray the effects of individual entrepreneurial orientation of the faculty (professors, teaching assistants and researchers) on entrepreneurial outcomes and outputs of Serbian higher education institutions. Particular objective of the paper is to examine and explore how research mobilization, unconventionality, industry collaboration and university policies affect entrepreneurial outcomes – joint research agreements, contractual agreements, consulting activities, establishment of spin-offs and patenting. For this purpose, primary data were collected at Serbian public universities. In total, 552 respondents correctly fulfilled the questionnaire specifically designed to meet the purpose of the study. The results indicate that entrepreneurial orientation plays a statistically significant role in entrepreneurial outcomes. However, entrepreneurial orientation is more important in commercial than non-commercial research outcomes. ; Cilj je ovoga rada prikazati utjecaj individualne poduzetničke orijentacije akademika (profesora, asistenata i istraživača) na poduzetničke ishode srpskih institucija visokoga obrazovanja. Posebna zadaća ovoga rada bila je ispitati i istražiti kako pokretanje istraživanja, nekonvencionalnost, suradnja s industrijom i sveučilišna politika djeluju na rezultate u poduzetništvu – zajedničke istraživačke sporazume, ugovorna istraživanja, aktivnosti savjetovanja, osnivanje tvrtki kćeri (spin-off) i patentiranje. Za tu svrhu sakupljeni su primarni podatci na srpskim državnim sveučilištima. Ukupno je 552 ispitanika točno ispunilo upitnike osmišljene za potrebe ovoga istraživanja. Rezultati pokazuju da poduzetnička orijentacija ima statistički značajnu ulogu u poduzetničkim ishodima te da je poduzetnička orijentacija važnija u komercijalnim nego u nekomercijalnim istraživačkim ishodima.

In the contemporary society, creativity is one of the most desirable abilities which an individual can possess in all the fields of human activity. On the other hand, educational policy and national curriculums marginalize the importance of art subjects in most countries in the world, while the advantage is given to STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering, mathematics). Although creativity, according to many educational standards, is one of the key abilities, in teaching practice routine activities are still valued more than creative ones. However, it is the art subjects which develop creativity (constructive) potential within an individual, although this also heavily depends on a teacher/professor, on his/her methodological approach and abilities within the scope of professional activity. Therefore, we conducted empirical research in Visual Arts Teaching Methodology training and non-training primary schools. We expected that we would foster students' development of creativity through regular collaboration with university, problem-based learning of art and artistic language, inventiveness in creating art assignments and through increasing public awareness of harmfulness of stereotypical artistic expression. Among a large number of verified tests of creativity, Urban-Jellen test "The Test for Creative Thinking - Drawing Production (TCT-DP)", which is based on the activity of drawing, was selected and used in this study. We wanted to know whether there was a statistically significant difference between training and non-training schools in students' performance on the test used to examine the level of creativity. The level of statistically significant difference between the control group and the experimental group was determined by a chi-squared test. The research has been carried out in elementary schools in the area of the city of Zagreb, on the sample that included the students of fourth and eighth grade. The results of the research indicate that there is a possible influence of collaboration between the mentors and university professors and students of teacher-training college within the scope of Visual Arts Teaching Methodology course on students' creativity. ; U suvremenom je društvu kreativnost jedna od najpoželjnijih sposobnosti koju pojedinac posjeduje u svim područjima ljudskog djelovanja. S druge strane, obrazovna politika i nacionalni kurikuli u većini zemalja svijeta umjetničke predmete marginaliziraju po važnosti, a prednost se daje STEM (engl. science, technology, engineering, mathematics) disciplinama. Iako je, prema mnogim obrazovnim standardima, kreativnost jedna od ključnih kompetencija u nastavničkoj praksi, i dalje se vrednuju rutinske više nego kreativne aktivnosti. Upravo umjetnički predmeti u obrazovanju razvijaju u pojedincu kreativni (stvaralački) potencijal, ali to uvelike ovisi i o učitelju/nastavniku, o njegovu metodičkom pristupu i kompetencijama u okviru profesionalnog djelovanja. Stoga smo proveli empirijsko istraživanje u mentorskim (za Metodiku likovne kulture) i nementorskim osnovnim školama. Očekivalo se da će se redovitom suradnjom s fakultetom, putem likovnojezične problemske nastav, inventivnosti u osmišljavanju likovnih zadataka i osvještavanjem problematike štetnosti stereotipnog likovnog izražavanja utjecati na razvoj kreativnosti kod učenika. Između većeg broja provjerenih testova kreativnosti, upotrijebljen je Urban - Jellen "The Test for Creative Thinking - Drawing Production (TCT-DP)", koji se temelji na crtačkoj aktivnosti. Zanimalo nas je postoji li statistički značajna razlika između mentorskih i nementorskih škola u rješavanju testa kojim se ispituje stupanj kreativnosti. Stupanj značajnosti razlike između kontrolne i eksperimentalne skupine statistički je utvrđen hi-kvadrat testom. Istraživanje je provedeno u osnovnim školama na području Grada Zagreba, na uzorku koji je obuhvaćao učenike četvrtih i osmih razreda. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na moguć utjecaj suradnje učitelja mentora sa sveučilišnim nastavnicima i studentima učiteljskih studija u okviru Metodike likovne kulture na kreativnost učenika.

Potpuno točnih podataka o korištenju poljoprivrednog zemljišta u Hrvatskoj nema zbog ne sređene nacionalne baze podatka, odnosno nepovezanosti nadležnih tijela u provođenju učinkovite zemljišne politike. Ne postoji jedinstvena evidencija o poljoprivrednom zemljištu i o oblicima uporabe i raspolaganja. Katastar nije usklađen s gruntovnicom, a to dvoje nije usklađeno sa stvarnim stanjem. Od 60-tih i 70-tih godina prošlog stoljeća u Hrvatskoj se koriste: Bonitiranje zemljišta, Kovačević P. i sur. 1987., Kovačević P. (1983.), Pravilnik o mjerilima za utvrđivanje osobito vrijednog obradivog (P1) i vrijednog obradivog (P2) poljoprivrednog zemljišta, NN 23/19, te Okvir za procjenu zemljišta, FAO 1976 u dorađenoj verziji Vidaček Ž., 1981. Preporučena je primjena uz doradu FAO okvira procjene zemljišta, ibidum. U cilju kvalitetne implementacije predloženo je osnivanje "Projektnog savjeta za procjenu poljoprivrednog zemljišta Hrvatske" pri Ministarstvu poljoprivrede, Hrvatske agencije za poljoprivredu i hranu, Centru za tlo, dakako u suradnji sa znanstvenim institucijama. ; Fully accurate data on the use of agricultural land in Croatia are missing due to disordered national database, that is, the incompatibility of the competent authorities in the implementation of an effective land policy. There is no uniform record of agricultural land, forms of use and management. The cadastre is not aligned with the land register, and the two are not aligned with the actual situation. Since the 1960s and 1970s, the following have been used in Croatia: Land evalation, Kovačević P. et al. 1987, P. Kovačević (1983), Ordinance on the criteria for determining particularly suitable arable (S1) land and suitable arable (S2) land, NN 23/19, and finally A Framework for Land evaluation, FAO 1976, as revised by Vidaček Ž., 1981. The implementation of the FAO Framework is recommended to be refined and we propose the establishment of a "Project Council for Agricultural Land evaluation in Croatia" at the Ministry of Agriculture, Croatian Agency for Agriculture and Food, Soil Center, in collaboration with scientific institutions.

Ontologija otvorene vlade predstavljena u ovom radu je sveobuhvatna ontologija koja za cilj ima modeliranje širokog opsega servisa otvorene vlade. Semantički model otvorene vlade daje mogućnost za integraciju s drugim semantičkim i informatičkim modelima te omogućuje semantičko razmišljanje i pronalaženje resursa. Karakteristike otvorene vlade su transparentnost, sudjelovanje i suradnja. Glavne komponente otvorene vlade su otvorena arhitektura, otvoreni podaci i otvoreni standardi. Organizacijska struktura otvorene vlade sastoji se od unutarnjih vladinih organizacija, povezanih područja i otvorenih (e)vladinih servisa. Ontologija otvorene vlade se može koristiti kao semantičko spremište meta podataka za (e)vladine i otvorene (e)vladine servise. Primjenom formalnih metoda razmišljanja predložena ontologija omogućuje pronalaženje informacija o servisima otvorene (e)vlade i zaključivanje na osnovu prikupljenog znanja. Također, ontologija otvorene arhitekture se može koristiti kao informacijska arhitektura za stvaranje tih servisa, kao u slučaju Crnogorske semantičke naučne mreže. ; Open Government Ontology proposed in this paper is an extensive ontology aimed at modelling a wide range of Open Government services. Semantic model of the Open Government opens possibilities for the integration with other semantic and information models, and enables semantic reasoning and resource discovery. Characteristics of the Open Government are transparency, participation and collaboration. Main components of the Open Government are Open Architecture, Open Data and Open Standards. Organizational structure of the Open Government consists of the internal government organizations, associated domains and Open (e)Government services. Open Government Ontology can be used as a semantic meta-data repository for the (e)Government and Open (e)Government services. Using formal methods of reasoning with the proposed ontology we can search for information about Open (e)Government services and infer on gathered knowledge. Also Open Architecture Ontology can be used as Information Architecture framework for the creation of these services as was the case regarding Montenegrin Semantic Science Network.