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近幾年,中國人民每天都要面對多種環境問題,環境保護促成新的社會運動及實政方式 。數十年來,中國政府一直以強調經濟發展為先,因此,如何能將環境管理與中國社會的其他部分相協調仍沒有一個清晰的答案。本文將以中國西部城市成都為例,分析環保意識在不同社會族群中的興起。 ; 本文通過三個要素來檢驗環境意識:意識形態、感知和行動。自千禧年始,中國政府開始宣傳"生態文明"的觀念,它是中國共產黨給出的有關如何進行可持續發展的意識形態方面的答案。"生態文明"作為一個單一維度結構,特別強調要在不影響經濟增長的前提下加強對環境的保護。這個概念通過地方政府、非政府組織的項目、學術研究及媒體報道等多種方式滲透中國社會。通過利用民族志的研究手法來探討成都市民日常要面對的交通問題、消費主義、食品安全及城市化等議題,本論文著重研究"生態文明"作為一個單維觀念,是如何與普通市民讓成都變得"更灰"或"更綠"的方式相協調的。市民讓成都變得"更灰"是因為相關行為可幫助他們維持或積累更多社會資本。而讓成都變得"更綠"則是一種草根的環保意識形態,通常被描述為"很環保"。"很環保"是個自相矛盾的講法,一方面它帶有"過時"的意味,而另一方面它又帶有"上流"的感覺。 ; 本研究針對245 戶人進行了社會調查,結果顯示相較底層社會的市民而言,上層社會的市民普遍認為環境的好壞對他們生活的影響更大。類似於垃圾分類、節約用水、減少空氣污染等環保行為不同程度的與受訪市民的社會階層、年齡及居住地點有關。一方面,調查顯示市民們對於"生態文明"的理解五花八門,伸展至多個維度,另一方面,通過檢驗環境意識形態、對環境的感知和環保行動三者的交集後,我們發現,在環保問題上,中國民眾可被分為三大不同族群 。這包括,發展組,他們因國家宣傳的單維"生態文明"政策而受益;環境組,他們最受"很環保"這個意識形態的影響;以及"不知所從"組,他們因環保行動又"過時"又"上流"的雙面性而感到不知所從 。大部分身處權利中心的人都屬於發展組,理論上講,由發展組人士組成的國家可借引入"生態文明"這個單維結構而變得更穩固,因為"生態文明"的結構單維性讓"不知所從"組的人更樂意接受一個集權政府,並寄希望於後者可以替他們解決環境問題。但是,由於國家無法從多個維度介入民眾對於"生態文明"的地方詮釋,更多的市民因此將會趨於加入環境組人士,持與他們類似的對抗態度,而這將會讓國家陷入難以走出的困局。 ; In recent years, as the Chinese people have had to face environmental issues in their everyday lives, environmental protection has come to stimulate new social movements and forms of governance in China. After decades of state emphasis on economic growth, it has yet to be made clear how this new concern for environmental governance resonates with different segments of Chinese society. Thus, this thesis analyzes the rise of environmental consciousness among different social groups in the Western Chinese city of Chengdu. ; Environmental consciousness is examined according to three components: ideology, perception and action. At the turn of the millennium, the Chinese state started to promote Ecological Civilization (生態文明), the CCP's ideological answer to Sustainable Development. With a singular emphasis on enforcing environmental protection as long as it does not interfere with economic development, this unidimensional structure of Ecological Civilization has been introduced to Chinese society through local government ...

本文论述陈冠中的长篇小说《盛世:中国,2013》揭示了一种出现于晚期社会主义中国的焦灼感。这种普遍却又隐秘的集体心态体现了当代中国人在两种信念之间的摇摆状态:毛时代遗留下的中国社会主义传统,以及"改革开放"后萌生的个人主义信条。陈冠中分别以"好地狱"与"伪天堂"的意象来概括两种社会形态下的内部矛盾。一方面,"好地狱"中所拥有的中国革命精神既成就了中国"反帝反封建"无产阶级革命的胜利,同时又不可避免地导向了"文化大革命"的发生。另一方面,生活在"伪天堂"中的人们虽然尝到了物质生活所带来的甜头,却也不得不思量为其付出的文化、政治代价。尽管许多人将陈冠中提出的"伪天堂"概念解读为中国现实的缩影,本文却不鼓励中西读者止步于此。在"好地狱"与"伪天堂"中进行非此即彼的抉择无疑固化了这种二元对立的思维范式,而无从冲破现实的窘境。本文希望通过对小说系统而细致的阅读向读者展示《盛世》突显了当代中国人在面对"好地狱"与"伪天堂"时焦虑、矛盾、无所适从的心态。而想要走出这种心态,必须先摆脱"好地狱"与"伪天堂"所设下的思维禁锢。 ; This thesis argues Chan Koon-Chung's The Fat Years (2009) reflects a collective anxiety in late socialist China. The anxiety concerns the tension that is immanent to a receding belief in the emancipatory potential of Maoist Communism and a growing recognition of the failure of the liberatory potential of a turn to individualism. For Chan, this anxiety is written in terms of a "Good Hell" and a "False Paradise." The Good Hell refers to the egalitarian revolutionary spirit, which nonetheless powered the terror of the Cultural Revolution; while the False Paradise refers to the miscarried promises of the turn to capitalism. What Chan presents the reader with, then, is not a simple choice between a Good Hell and a False Paradise, but a confusing or "sticky" world in which China's middle class hesitate to devote themselves to either paradigm. Of course, such indecision does not benefit the State, and so Chan shows how the Central Government ultimately attempts to position the middle class. It does so by monumentalizing the past, which is to say creating an abrupt rupture between "now" and "then," and therein disconnecting history from the present. In this way, the world of confusion turns into an unbearable one where individual will is only permitted if one first surrenders to Government ideology. Chan's wager is that China's middle class should once again embrace the sense of confusion that comes from the complicated psychological state of the unreconciled ideas embedded in the "Good Hell and False Paradise" complex. Only in this way can one begin to examine ...

Summary in Chinese. ; Thesis (MBA)--Chinese University of Hong Kong. ; Bibliography: l. 138.

by Lee Kin Ming. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 214-225). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.i ; ABBREVIATIONS --- p.ii ; ABSTRACT --- p.vii ; ABSTRACT IN CHINESE --- p.ix ; LIST OF FIGURES --- p.xi ; LIST OF TABLES --- p.xv ; CONTENTS --- p.xvi ; Chapter CHAPTER 1: --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- Cordyceps --- p.2 ; Chapter 1.1.1 --- Pharmacological Functions of Cordyceps --- p.5 ; Chapter 1.1.1.1 --- Anti-tumor Activities --- p.5 ; Chapter 1.1.1.2 --- Immunomodulatory Activities --- p.7 ; Chapter 1.1.1.3 --- Hepatic Functions --- p.9 ; Chapter 1.1.1.4 --- Cardiovascular Functions --- p.10 ; Chapter 1.1.1.5 --- Renal Functions --- p.10 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Biological Activities of Cordycepin --- p.12 ; Chapter 1.2.1 --- Inhibition of RNA Synthesis --- p.12 ; Chapter 1.2.2 --- Disruption of Microtubule Network --- p.12 ; Chapter 1.2.3 --- Inhibition of Nucleic Acid Methylation --- p.13 ; Chapter 1.2.4 --- Enhancement of Cell Differentiation --- p.13 ; Chapter 1.2.5 --- Anti-tumor Activity --- p.13 ; Chapter 1.2.6 --- Anti-fungal Activity --- p.14 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Hepatocellular Carcinoma --- p.16 ; Chapter 1.3.1 --- Incidence and Risk Factor of Hepatocellular Carcinoma --- p.16 ; Chapter 1.3.2 --- Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma --- p.16 ; Chapter 1.3.2.1 --- Hepatic Resection --- p.16 ; Chapter 1.3.2.2 --- Liver Transplantation --- p.17 ; Chapter 1.3.2.3 --- Non-surgical Therapeutic Modalities for Hepatocellular Carcinoma --- p.17 ; Chapter 1.3.3 --- Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines --- p.20 ; Chapter 1.3.3.1 --- Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line HepG2 --- p.20 ; Chapter 1.3.3.2 --- Multidrug Resistant Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line R-HepG2 --- p.20 ; Chapter 1.4 --- Multidrug Resistance of Tumor Cells --- p.22 ; Chapter 1.4.1 --- Multidrug Resistance Mediated by P-Glycoprotein --- p.22 ; Chapter 1.4.1.1 --- Location and Structure of P-Glycoprotein --- p.22 ; Chapter ...