Suchergebnisse

Collective action problems are linked together when the outcomes of one collective action situation affect the working components of another. In San Diego, California, solutions to the collective action dilemmas of water provisioning, conservation, and wastewater were found to have influenced each other between 1990 and 2010. Building upon a database of water management-related action situation outcomes, developed from archival documents and interviews with water managers, environmental groups, and other participants, we used McGinnis' Network of Adjacent Action Situations framework and the Politicized IAD framework to analyze how the emergence of different problem frames affected linkages between these three collective action problems. Our research shows that newly introduced frames for thinking about these water management challenges as interconnected contributed to the progressive emergence of new governance strategies by different groups of actors.

In Murray-Rust, D. H.; Vander Velde, E. J.; Habib-ur-Rehman (Eds.), Water management in NWFP. Peshawar, Pakistan: NWFP Agricultural University; Wageningen, Netherlands: Wageningen Agricultural University. Department of Irrigation and Soil and Water Conservation

International audience ; Le cas étudié rapporte l´expérience du « Collectif Régional du Cariri, Seridó et Curimataú », un réseau d´environ 300 communautés rurales de dix communes situées dans la région semi-aride de la Paraíba (Brésil nord-est), que nous accompagnons dès le début des années 1990, et dans lequel les familles agricultrices expérimentent, em dialogue avec leurs conseillers, diverses techniques simples et peu coûteuses, souvent adaptées ou inspirées par les savoirs ancestraux et répondant aux nécessités qu´ils rencontrent (réservoirs d´eaux, clotures, utilisation de la végétation locale pour l´alimentation animale ou plantes médicinales etc.). Ces communautés exercent également la gestion collective des ressources, découvrent leurs capacités, ce qui renforce leur auto-estime et, à travers les échanges de réflexions, se libèrent de la dépendance de l´oligarchie dominante. Il s´agit du segment le plus pauvre de la société (les agriculteurs familiaux) de la région la plus problématique du Brésil (le nord-est semi-aride) ; problématique par ses conditions naturelles et par son histoire, marquée par la concentration foncière et la domination de l´oligarchie locale qui maintient son pouvoir en distribuant ses « faveurs » (comme la distribution d´eau par camion-citerne en cas de sécheresse) en échange de votes. Le fait que les propositions aient été construites sur la base d´expériences bien réussies a été fondamental pour la durabilité du développement ainsi amorcé. Ces expériences ont été proposées au gouvernement et assumées comme politiques publiques. Ces expériences bien réussies renforcent l´auto-estime des agriculteurs et leurs initiatives.

International audience ; Le cas étudié rapporte l´expérience du « Collectif Régional du Cariri, Seridó et Curimataú », un réseau d´environ 300 communautés rurales de dix communes situées dans la région semi-aride de la Paraíba (Brésil nord-est), que nous accompagnons dès le début des années 1990, et dans lequel les familles agricultrices expérimentent, em dialogue avec leurs conseillers, diverses techniques simples et peu coûteuses, souvent adaptées ou inspirées par les savoirs ancestraux et répondant aux nécessités qu´ils rencontrent (réservoirs d´eaux, clotures, utilisation de la végétation locale pour l´alimentation animale ou plantes médicinales etc.). Ces communautés exercent également la gestion collective des ressources, découvrent leurs capacités, ce qui renforce leur auto-estime et, à travers les échanges de réflexions, se libèrent de la dépendance de l´oligarchie dominante. Il s´agit du segment le plus pauvre de la société (les agriculteurs familiaux) de la région la plus problématique du Brésil (le nord-est semi-aride) ; problématique par ses conditions naturelles et par son histoire, marquée par la concentration foncière et la domination de l´oligarchie locale qui maintient son pouvoir en distribuant ses « faveurs » (comme la distribution d´eau par camion-citerne en cas de sécheresse) en échange de votes. Le fait que les propositions aient été construites sur la base d´expériences bien réussies a été fondamental pour la durabilité du développement ainsi amorcé. Ces expériences ont été proposées au gouvernement et assumées comme politiques publiques. Ces expériences bien réussies renforcent l´auto-estime des agriculteurs et leurs initiatives.

This chapter focuses on the interaction between conjunctive management and collective action.Collective action has several characteristics that provide a natural 'fit' with conjunctive management. These include building trust and ownership to enhance water user's acceptance of the need for better and more integrated management and resolving conflict and facilitating trade-offs between and across water users. But what are the opportunities and challenges for conjunctive management through collective action? And what types of settings encourage broadbased collective action by water users and governments? These questions are addressed through a comparative analysis of specific instances of groundwater governance in Australia, Spain, and thewesternUnited States ofAmerica. For each case, the diverse policy and institutional settings are explained, and consideration given to the motivators for, and successes of, conjunctive management and collectiveaction. The chapter draws comparisons across the cases to suggest lessons on incentives for conjunctive management, as well as exploring its challenges, before identifying future directions for more effective integrated water management.

Empowering integrative, sustainable and equitable approaches to wicked socio-ecological problems requires multiple disciplines and ways of knowing. Following calls for greater attention to political economics in this transdisciplinary work, we offer a practitioner perspective on political economy and collective action and their influences on our community engagement practice and public policy. Our perspective is grounded in a pervasive wicked problem in Australia, invasive rabbits, and the emergence of the Victorian Rabbit Action Network. The network grew out of a publically funded research project to support community-led action in rabbit management. Victorian residents and workers affected by rabbits – public and private land managers, scientists, government officers and others – were invited to engage in a participatory planning process to generate sustainable strategies to address the rabbit problem. Each stage in the process, which involved interviews, a workshop and consultations, was designed to nurture the critical enquiry, listening and learning skills of participants, advance understandings of the problem from multiple perspectives, generate collective options to guide decision-making, and encourage community-led collective action. We reflect on our understanding of these processes using the language and lens of political economics and, in particular, the context of democratic professionalism. In so doing, we define terms and refer to information resources that have enabled us to bring a practical working knowledge of political economics to our professional practice. Our intent is to motivate academics, community members, government officials, and scientists alike, to draw on their knowledge and field experiences and to share practice stories through the lens of political economics and collective action. This is an opportunity to engage each other in small 'p' politics of how we understand and act on wicked problems, to negotiate and connect across disciplines, practical experiences and human difference, so that people may work more creatively and effectively together to address the challenging issues of our time.

This paper discusses the methodology and results of the Maslow's Palace workshops project, which engages with current debates surrounding the democratisation of digital urban design technology and stakeholder decision making, through the implementation of a speculative oriented approach to serious gaming. The research explores how serious games might be used to help marginalised communities consider past, future and present community experiences, reconcile dissimilar assumptions, generate social capital building and design responses and prime participants for further long term design engagement processes. Empirical material for this research was gathered from a range of case study workshops prepared with three landfill-based communities and external partners throughout 2017. Results show the approach helped participants develop shared norms, values and understandings of sensitive topics and develop ideas for future action through "collective tinkering".

The diffusion of networked information and communication technologies has facilitated the rise of novel modes of online collective action, collaboration, and public goods production. In this dissertation, I elaborate an interactional account of online collective action, emphasizing the role of micro-level social interactions in shaping organizational dynamics and collective behavior. This approach provides a clearer explanation of both the means by which individuals and groups within online collectives establish stable patterns of activity as well as the mechanisms through which those patterns change over time. The argument proceeds through a series of interconnected empirical studies of several different domains of online collective action including crowdsourcing labor markets, Wikipedia, and the U.S. political blogosphere. Across these studies, I find that interactions and interactional dimensions of behavior play a central role in mobilizing, retaining, and organizing participants engaged in online collective action. Interactional motives and incentives not only mobilize participation in online collectives, they also contribute to the emergence and persistence of participation patterns and organizational forms. The character of these inequalities and organizational forms vary widely, likely contributing to the uneven impact of online collectives.

Collective action for water harvesting irrigation (WHI) refers to the joint or collective effort of farmers in getting and using water for crop, animal, household, or other purposes. Organized water user groups also handle external representation with government programs and external demands (either competing or complementary) for water and other resources. In water-scarce areas, the goal is for farmers to produce high crop yields with less water, which can be achieved when farmers collectively manage the water resources available to them. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI4; CAPRi ; EPTD

This paper discusses the methodology and results of the Maslow's Palace workshops project, which engages with current debates surrounding the democratisation of digital urban design technology and stakeholder decision making, through the implementation of a speculative oriented approach to serious gaming. The research explores how serious games might be used to help marginalised communities consider past, future and present community experiences, reconcile dissimilar assumptions, generate social capital building and design responses and prime participants for further long term design engagement processes. Empirical material for this research was gathered from a range of case study workshops prepared with three landfill-based communities and external partners throughout 2017. Results show the approach helped participants develop shared norms, values and understandings of sensitive topics and develop ideas for future action through "collective tinkering".

The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the inequality between workers and their employers, and decreased worker power over their terms and conditions of employment. At the same time, the workers are more dispersed than ever, with more employers disestablishing the traditional office in favor of a hybrid model that further atomizes workers and makes collective action harder. At the same time, the ability for workers to organize themselves on social media and on company e-mail systems has been limited by recent decisions of the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), and are always subject to possible employer discovery and retaliation. New technologies are needed to build collective action and solidarity among workers but also to provide a conduit to government agencies to make complaints and provide anonymous information. This Article sets a template for development of mobile applications ("apps") that employees can use to communicate with each other and the government when necessary. Private companies, government agencies and unions have all developed technology tools to meet their needs. The challenge for the development of the next generation of apps will be, inter alia: 1) to require the employer to distribute these apps to their employees without the employer exerting control over them; (2) to assure the employees that the apps provide a space for candid exchange of information free from surveillance and retaliation; (3) to provide unions the ability to access these "digital spaces" while the courts and the NLRB have made access to physical spaces increasingly difficult; and (4) to provide a store of data for government agencies to enforce workplace law statutes, while at the same time maintaining employee privacy for sensitive information. This Article proposes ways to address each of these challenges. In the end, building worker power through technology also depends on increasing unionization, and lessening economic and technological inequality as well.

This chapter considers that institutional actions necessarily depend on collective attitudes. It focuses on the normative dimension of institutions and evaluates the claim that institutional normativity can only be adequately explicated in terms of collective attitudes. The chapter addresses the idea that institutions are social constructions, and assesses the claim that social construction is to be understood in terms of collective attitudes. It introduces the thesis that institutions solve problems of interaction—more specifically, coordination problems and collective action problems—and considers the claim that collective attitudes are required for successfully doing so. Theories of collective intentionality are first and foremost theories of doing something together. Michael Bratman's goal in developing a theory of collective intentionality is to identify a set of attitudes that can play the same functional role at the social level as individual intentions play at the individual level. Practices can be governed by social norms without those norms as such providing people with reasons.

Governments around the world increasingly seek to manage their forests with the collaboration of the people living nearby. Forestry Ministries or their equivalents usually do this by offering local people access to selected forest products or forest land, income from forest resources, or opportunities for communicating with government forestry officials. In return, the agency obliges local people to cooperate in managing the forests around them by protecting existing forest or by planting trees. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI4; CAPRi ; EPTD

© 2017, The Journal of Global Affairs is the official student research publication of the Department of International and Area Studies in the College of International Studies at the University of Oklahoma. Correspondence may be sent to: Journal of Global Affairs, C/O CIS/DIAS, 729 Elm Avenue, Hester Hall 150, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States of America. Email: jga@ou.edu. ; Though the motivations for unrest were similar across Ukraine during the 2014 Euromaidan Revolution, the means of expressing unhappiness contrasted dramatically between eastern and western Ukraine. In the west of the country protests were centered in the nation's capital, Kiev, and barring a few violent outbursts, were generally peaceful. They consisted of demonstrations, the occupation of public spaces, and innovative uses of new information and communication technologies (ICTs). In the east, on the other hand, conditions were more violent. While these protesters did employ blockages and occupation as tools of their cause, they did so armed and with more aggressive intentions. After driving the previous government officials out of power, these groups took control of the local governments. Using the theories of political scientist Fox Piven and sociologist Richard Fields to analyze the case study of Ukraine, the author seeks in this essay to examine how and why the methods of collective action varied between eastern and western Ukraine during the 2014 Euromaidan Revolution and how these variations may have influenced the eventual outcomes of the each region. ; About Luke Bartz ; Graduating with a Master of Arts in Global Security Studies, a Bachelor of Arts in International Studies, and a Bachelor of Arts in Russian, Luke Bartz has focused his research on international security and the Russian- speaking world with special emphases on Kazakhstan and Ukraine. Thanks to the support of the College of International Studies and a number of other organizations, he has studied and worked abroad in Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkey, the Dominican Republic, South Korea, Austria, and China. After graduation he intends to pursue work with a human-rights-focused international organization or with the US Department of State's Foreign Service. ; The Journal of Global Affairs is published in conjunction with the College of International Studies at the University of Oklahoma. ; undergraduate

While governing data as an organizational asset has clear benefits, mobilizing an organization to implement data governance remains elusive for practitioners. On that account, this paper examines why governing data is difficult in local government organizations. Based on a literature review and an empirical case study, we establish the inherent challenges and build on the notion of collective action to theorize the problem of data governance. Following an engaged scholarship approach, we collect empirical material through six group interviews with 34 representatives from 13 different Danish municipalities. We extend existing data governance research with our problem triangle that identifies and explicates the complex relations between six distinct challenges: value, collaboration, capabilities, overview, practices, and politics. We demonstrate the value in theorizing data governance as a collective action problem and argue for the necessity of ensuring researchers and practitioners achieve a common understanding of the inherent challenges, as a first step towards developing data governance solutions that are viable in practice.