Suchergebnisse

1892 wurde die "Entdeckung" Amerikas noch als Triumph der europäischen Überlegenheit gefeiert. Hundert Jahre später gibt es ein Bewußtsein für die historische Schuld Europas, das eine neue Bewertung unabdingbar macht. Wird dieses Bewußtsein die künftige Nord-Süd-Politik verändern?

As a contribution to the debate on "determinism" & "possibilism," an example is presented in the case of social & productive relations in the valley of Mexico (where the capital is now situated), from pre-Hispanic times to the end of the colonial era. Focus is on the means, unique to the area, used by the native population to sustain agricultural & other production by learning to coexist with the periodic lake floods because of their value to the ecosystem. Also examined is the complexity of social relations before the European invasion. The conquerors used European techniques to drain a good part of the land, on which they built Mexico City. The results were enormous for the former lake-dwelling population, who had depended on the animal & vegetable production possible only in lake areas. Though it was not their intention, the Europeans' actions constituted one of the greatest defilements of an ecosystem in world history. AA translated & modified by S. Stanton.

Die Regierenden Spaniens, Portugals und Lateinamerikas rüsten sich für den fünfhundertsten Jahrestag der "Entdeckung" Amerikas. Die Vorbereitungen der Feierlichkeiten verdeutlichen indes die Kontinuität des kolonialistischen Bewußtseins und der Abhängigkeitsstrukturen. In verschiedenen Beiträgen wird auf Kampagnen und Gegenkampagnen zu diesem Thema, die geschichtlichen Hintergründe sowie die heutige Situation der Indianer in Lateinamerika eingegangen

FROM THE VERY BEGINNING SEKOU TOURE' WAS DIFFERENT. MANY OF THE FIRST GENERATION OF LEADERS WHO EMERGED IN THE FORMER FRENCH COLONIES OF SUBSAHARAN AFRICA HAD COME UP ALONG A PATH CAREFULLY MAPPED OUT FOR THEM BY THEIR RULERS. THEY BELONGED TO THE TINY MINORITY WHO BENEFITTED FROM THE FRENCH POLICY OF "ASSIMILATION". THEY WENT TO THE BEST FRENCH SCHOOLS AND UNIVERSITIES. THEY SAT IN THE FRENCH PARLIAMENT, EVEN IN THE FRENCH GOVERNMENT. THEY WERE INTENDED TO FUNCTION, AFTER INDEPENDENCE, SIMPLY AS A NEW SET OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE FRENCH BOURGEOISE. SOME OF THEM HAVE BEEN DOING JUST THAT A QUARTER OF A CENTURY. IT WAS OTHERWISE WITH SEKOU TOURE. WITH ONLY AN ELEMENTARY EDUCATION, HE WENT TO FRANCE AS A MIGRANT WORKER. HE WORKED IN THE POST OFFICE AND BECAME ACTIVE IN A FRENCH TRADE UNION. HE ACQUIRED A LITTLE FURTHER EDUCATION AT A TRADE UNION SCHOOL RUN BY TRADE UNION FEDERATION C.G.T. RETURNING TO GUINEA, HE AGAIN BECAME ACTIVE IN THE TRADE UNION MOVEMENT, WHICH WAS THEN AT A VERY EARLY STAGE OF ITS DEVELOPMENT. IN 1953, HE LED THE FIRST GENERAL STRIKE IN THE HISTORY OF THE FRENCH COLONIES SOUTH OF THE SAHARA. FOR THE FIRST TIME THE FRENCH COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION HAD TO SETTLE A STRIKE BY MEANS OF CONCESSIONS. THIS VICTORY CATAPULTED SEKOU TOURE INTO THE LIMELIGHT AND HE SOON BECAME THE ACKNOWLEDGED LEADER OF THE GUINEAN SECTION OF THE R.D.A. (RASSEMBLEMENT DEMOCRATIQUE AFRICAIN - THE POLITICAL PARTY WHICH AT THAT TIME EMBRACED ALL THE SUB-SAHARAN COLONIES).

THE AUTHOR PRESENTS A STUDY OF ISRAEL ZANGWILL'S ATTEMPT TO BRING ABOUT A HEBREW SETTLEMENT IN MESOPOTAMIA. THE RESPONSE WHICH THIS SUGGESTION AROUSED IN JEWISH CIRCLES IS DISCUSSED. SOME OF IT WAS HOSTILE. THERE WAS NO OFFICIAL GOVERNMENT BACKING. ZANGWILL WAS FRUSTRATED BY EXTERNAL OPPOSITION AND BY FUNDAMENTAL CONTRADICTIONS PREVAILING WITHIN JEWRY.