Suchergebnisse

Anders als häufig behauptet wird, ist das Apartheidsystem keine Bremse für den Kapitalismus. Im Gegenteil: Es ist eine brutale, unverhüllte Form des Neokolonialismus, indem es die Ausbeutung afrikanischer Arbeiter auf die Spitze treibt. Allerdings bringt es dadurch neue gesellschaftliche Widersprüche hervor. (DÜI-Spe)

Although the essential character of Africa's dependence on the world system changes very slowly, if at all, particular aspects of it are always in flux. For whilst dependence continues to generate underdevelopment, some growth has occurred in several countries at particular periods with important implications for certain classes. The incorporation of the continent into the world system is an ongoing process that reflects shifts in (i) the nature of the world system, and (ii) the nature of Africa's political economies. The sub-structure of the periphery – the capitalist and extractive modes and relations of production – evolves slowly, but the super-structure – the politics and ideology of the state – are considerably more volatile. Given the organic links between the sub- and super-structure, the instability of the latter affects the continuity of the former.

Includes index. ; Revision of the author's thesis (Ph.D.--Jawaharlal Nehru University, 1978) with the title: Operation of multinational corporations in India. ; Bibliography: p. 308-330. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Aus sowjetischer Sicht

WHEN WE COMPARE THE FIRST CONTACTS BETWEEN EUROPEANS AND NATIVES IN AFRICA, NORTH AMERICA, AND SOUTH AMERICA, SURPRISING PATTERNS APPEAR WITHIN THE DIVERSITY OF COLONIAL EXPERIENCES. THE COLONISTS WERE FROM DIFFERENT BACKGROUNDS: SOME WERE ENGLISH PURITANS, LIKE THOSE WHO SETTLED IN MASSACHUSETTS OR ANGLICANS, LIKE THE VIRGINIA SETTLERS; OTHERS, LIKE THE CONQUISTADORES OF MEXICO AND PERU, WERE CATHOLIC SPANIARDS; STILL OTHERS WERE PORTUGUESE, LIKE THE PLANTATION OWNERS IN BRAZIL AND THE MERCHANTS AND ROYAL BUREAUCRATS IN WEST AFRICA. THEY HAD MIGRATED TO NEW TERRITORIES FOR A GREAT VARIETY OF REASONS AND WITH DIFFERENT PURPOSES IN MIND. THE PURITANS WERE ESCAPING POLITICAL AND RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION; THEY CONDEMNED CORRUPTION IN THEIR HOMELAND AND HOPED TO CREATE A "CITY OF SAINTS" IN THE NEW WORLD. THE SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE MISSIONARIES ALSO AIMED AT CREATING A PERFECT CHRISTIAN COMMUNITY, BUT THEY PUT THEIR HOPES IN THE CONVERSION OF THE INDIANS, WHO INITIALLY SEEMED TO MANY OF THEM TO LIVE IN A STATE OF INNOCENCE. MANY PORTUGUESE IN AFRICA, SPANIARDS IN AMERICA, AND ENGLISHMEN IN VIRGINIA HAD ESCAPED POVERTY AND SOCIAL DEGRADATION AND DREAMED OF PLUNDERING THE NEW LANDS OPENED TO THEM AND EXPLOITING THE NATIVES' LABOR. OTHERS WERE MOVED BY A DESIRE TO SERVE THEIR KING BY INCREASING HIS PATRIMONY WHILE ACCUMULATING GOLD AND OTHER RICHES FOR THEMSELVES, AS CORTES DID IN MEXICO AND PIZARRO IN PERU. THERE WERE ALSO MERCHANTS WHO EXPECTED TO DEVELOP THEIR OWN PROFITABLE ENTPY: 1985