Suchergebnisse

The vast output of Carlo Cattaneo contains no works specifically on the theme of colonialism. Nevertheless, this author, who is often represented as the historian of the triumphant bourgeoisie, frequently makes observations on the relationship between Europe, at the height of its splendor & its capacity for expansion beyond the continent, & the peoples & civilizations of the non-European world. His essays on India & China are particularly illuminating in this respect. Cattaneo's analyses contain an original mixture of historical reconstruction, cultural comparison & armchair anthropology. One is continuously aware of his perception of the need to reconcile the process of universalization emanating from Europe with the specific practices & values found in other nations & other forms of state. Racialist perspectives are completely alien to Cattaneo's work, & this guarantees an attitude of respect, though without ruling out a realistic recognition of the superiority behind Europe's position of dominance. Moreover, Cattaneo was not in a position to take into account "real" colonialism: having died in 1869 -- the year of the opening of the Suez Canal & the purchase of the Assab Bay by an Italian company -- he was not able directly to witness the emerging experience of Italian colonialism. In this sense, the more direct point of reference for Cattaneo's work is British colonialism. Adapted from the source document.

This work examines the political legacy of colonialism in Kenya and the knock-on effect this has had on the current crisis of citizenship in Kenya. In colonial times, the British introduced indirect rule through the Provincial Administration, a hierarchical structure that imposed upon the urban and rural populace two distinct forms of political and legal identities: that of citizens and that of natives. In the rural areas, natives were governed according to "customary law" (which the colonisers called "tribal tradition"). This paper concentrates on this sphere of the colonial State because its consequences can still be felt today in rural areas -- in particular in terms of the recurrent violence resulting from a crisis of citizenship. In rural provinces, land represents the main source of income and means of survival. Land was managed by the Provincial Administration according to the logic of colonial power and, of course, to its benefit. During decolonisation and after independence, the same logic was applied by the African elites. An analysis of how Britain and post-colonial governments have ruled Kenya shows the need for a radical change in the approach originally adopted by the Provincial Administration. The European colonial outlook underpinning this approach is outmoded and dangerous as it fans the flames of contemporary social violence, which the media often characterises over-simplistically as ethnic conflict. Adapted from the source document.

In a round-table discussion held at the U of Pavia on 22 April 2002, in collaboration with the Foreign Affairs Ministry & the university's political science department, the following participants offered their opinions on the effort to reconstruct Afghanistan & Italy's place in it: Enrico De Maio (special envoy to Afghanistan), Anna Dell Croce (embassy adviser), Sergio Romano (Corriere della Sera), Giovanni Porzio (Panomrama), & Giampaolo Calchi Novati (U of Pavia). They offered overviews of Afghanistan's history & the colonial experience in Central & South Asia, US foreign policy, & the war on terror. A. Siegel

Historically the Mediterranean has been crossed by civilizations, peoples and goods which interacted, not always peacefully, respecting pluralism and mutual acknowledgment. The colonial expansion was a rupture which introduced the European hegemony all over the basin denying the "other". France and Italy were the most relevant beneficiaries. Italian colonialism started in the Red Sea and founded the Empire in the Horn but landed in the Northern Africa with Libya's conquest in 1911-12. Not even decolonization, with the access to independence of the colonial possessions after the Second World War, entirely filled the gap between North and South opened by colonialism as such because of the asymmetry at the level of power and the economic and commercial dependence. Italy pursued its international alliances in a perspective focussed on the Atlantic Ocean. Despite the Cold War strains Rome tried to save a good neighbouring with the Arab states. Europe has its border -- as a place where the diverse actors meet -- in the Mediterranean. However, the united Europe failed in all the attempts to bring about a real cooperation with the South shore. The Euro-Mediterranean partnership setup in 1995 did not survive the evaluation Conference ten years later. Is the cooperation season over? Italy too has been involved in the coalition that waged a war to accelerate the collapse of Qadhafi's regime under attack from an internal upsurge covering the will of France to reaffirm a post-colonial influence after the liberty wave (Arab Spring) that is going to change the profile of North Africa. Adapted from the source document.

This paper means to show how British Colonialism in India was made possible, and then sustained and strengthened, as much by cultural technologies of rule as it was by the more obvious and brutal modes of conquest. In fact colonialism was itself a cultural project of control. Colonial knowledge both enabled conquest and was produced by it. Cultural forms in Indian society were reconstructed and transformed by this knowledge. In the conceptual scheme which the British created to understand and to act in India they reduced vastly complex codes and their associated meanings to a few metonyms. An example of colonial way of organizing and representing Indian social identity is offered by the British construction of Indian Gypsies. This communication is meant to explain first the logic of such an identification and then the new authority and vitality currently attained by this product of Orientalism in Romani political organizations and cultural associations.

Italian scholars and Arabists have only recently started to pay attention towards Libya and this country's rich and fascinating literary production. Libyan writers are, in fact, still unknown to most people in Italy, where merely a few Italian translations of Libyan works and critical essays on Libyan literature have been published until now. Yet, Libya's contemporary literary scene features outstanding figures, such as the eclectic writer 'Ali Mustafà al-Misrati, whose novels, short stories and essays deal with significant historical, political and social themes. Starting from the analysis of one of author's tales focused on the Libyan opposition against Italian colonialism, this article provides some insights on the importance of satire as a tool of political opposition against the colonial regime, both in the colonized country and in the colonized one.

Elisée Reclus, géographe hétérodoxe et anticonformiste dans sa biographie et son engagement politique, dans sa gigantesque Nouvelle Géographie Universelle consacre une place de choix à l'Europe, continent à son époque hégémon dans le monde par la puissance de ses empires coloniaux. Est-ce qu'il s'agit d'une géographie qu'on pourrait tâcher de « eurocentrisme », voire de « colonialisme », comme quelques géographes l'on fait ? Ou bien présente-t-elle des éléments anticonformistes qui la rendent cohérente avec la pensée anarchiste de son auteur ? Nous essayons de répondre en analysant d'abord les limites et la représentation générale du continent dans le texte de l'ouvrage. Ensuite nous abordons le problème de l'hégémonie européenne et du colonialisme en comparant ce texte à d'autres sources contemporaines, telles que les articles de Reclus et ses correspondances avec ses collaborateurs scientifiques. Nous découvrons enfin dans cette géographie les germes d'une pensée critique précoce sur le rôle du continent le plus puissant. ; Elisée Reclus, geografo eterodosso e anticonformista nella sua biografia e nel suo impegno politico, dedica però, nella sua poderosa Nouvelle Géographie Universelle, una posizione preponderante all'Europa, continente egemone alla sua epoca sulla quasi totalità del mondo per il potere dei suoi imperi coloniali. Si tratta di una geografia che si potrebbe tacciare di "eurocentrismo" se non di "colonialismo", come hanno fatto alcuni critici? O presenta invece degli elementi di anticonformismo in coerenza con il pensiero anarchico del suo autore? Si cerca di rispondere analizzando in primo luogo la rappresentazione generale del continente e dei suoi confini nel testo dell'opera. Si affronta poi il problema dell'egemonia europea e del colonialismo confrontando questo testo ad altre fonti contemporanee, come articoli e corrispondenze di Reclus con i suoi collaboratori scientifici. Si scoprono, infine, in questa geografia, i germi di un pensiero critico precoce sul ruolo del continente alla sua epoca.

Elisée Reclus, géographe hétérodoxe et anticonformiste dans sa biographie et son engagement politique, dans sa gigantesque Nouvelle Géographie Universelle consacre une place de choix à l'Europe, continent à son époque hégémon dans le monde par la puissance de ses empires coloniaux. Est-ce qu'il s'agit d'une géographie qu'on pourrait tâcher de « eurocentrisme », voire de « colonialisme », comme quelques géographes l'on fait ? Ou bien présente-t-elle des éléments anticonformistes qui la rendent cohérente avec la pensée anarchiste de son auteur ? Nous essayons de répondre en analysant d'abord les limites et la représentation générale du continent dans le texte de l'ouvrage. Ensuite nous abordons le problème de l'hégémonie européenne et du colonialisme en comparant ce texte à d'autres sources contemporaines, telles que les articles de Reclus et ses correspondances avec ses collaborateurs scientifiques. Nous découvrons enfin dans cette géographie les germes d'une pensée critique précoce sur le rôle du continent le plus puissant. ; Elisée Reclus, geografo eterodosso e anticonformista nella sua biografia e nel suo impegno politico, dedica però, nella sua poderosa Nouvelle Géographie Universelle, una posizione preponderante all'Europa, continente egemone alla sua epoca sulla quasi totalità del mondo per il potere dei suoi imperi coloniali. Si tratta di una geografia che si potrebbe tacciare di "eurocentrismo" se non di "colonialismo", come hanno fatto alcuni critici? O presenta invece degli elementi di anticonformismo in coerenza con il pensiero anarchico del suo autore? Si cerca di rispondere analizzando in primo luogo la rappresentazione generale del continente e dei suoi confini nel testo dell'opera. Si affronta poi il problema dell'egemonia europea e del colonialismo confrontando questo testo ad altre fonti contemporanee, come articoli e corrispondenze di Reclus con i suoi collaboratori scientifici. Si scoprono, infine, in questa geografia, i germi di un pensiero critico precoce sul ruolo del continente alla sua ...

Elisée Reclus, géographe hétérodoxe et anticonformiste dans sa biographie et son engagement politique, dans sa gigantesque Nouvelle Géographie Universelle consacre une place de choix à l'Europe, continent à son époque hégémon dans le monde par la puissance de ses empires coloniaux. Est-ce qu'il s'agit d'une géographie qu'on pourrait tâcher de « eurocentrisme », voire de « colonialisme », comme quelques géographes l'on fait ? Ou bien présente-t-elle des éléments anticonformistes qui la rendent cohérente avec la pensée anarchiste de son auteur ? Nous essayons de répondre en analysant d'abord les limites et la représentation générale du continent dans le texte de l'ouvrage. Ensuite nous abordons le problème de l'hégémonie européenne et du colonialisme en comparant ce texte à d'autres sources contemporaines, telles que les articles de Reclus et ses correspondances avec ses collaborateurs scientifiques. Nous découvrons enfin dans cette géographie les germes d'une pensée critique précoce sur le rôle du continent le plus puissant. ; Elisée Reclus, geografo eterodosso e anticonformista nella sua biografia e nel suo impegno politico, dedica però, nella sua poderosa Nouvelle Géographie Universelle, una posizione preponderante all'Europa, continente egemone alla sua epoca sulla quasi totalità del mondo per il potere dei suoi imperi coloniali. Si tratta di una geografia che si potrebbe tacciare di "eurocentrismo" se non di "colonialismo", come hanno fatto alcuni critici? O presenta invece degli elementi di anticonformismo in coerenza con il pensiero anarchico del suo autore? Si cerca di rispondere analizzando in primo luogo la rappresentazione generale del continente e dei suoi confini nel testo dell'opera. Si affronta poi il problema dell'egemonia europea e del colonialismo confrontando questo testo ad altre fonti contemporanee, come articoli e corrispondenze di Reclus con i suoi collaboratori scientifici. Si scoprono, infine, in questa geografia, i germi di un pensiero critico precoce sul ruolo del continente alla sua epoca.

The paper analyses the study of translation as a cultural phenomenon in the wider context of cultural studies. The first part investigates the position of translation as a cultural practice, with reference to the main critical voices that have put translation in relation with other cultural issues, such as gender, postcolonialism, diaspora. The second part analyses the specific case of Brian Friels play Translations, as an example of translation as a cultural practice, because of the political, linguistic and social implications that translation has in this writing.

Elisée Reclus, a heterodous and anti-conformist geographer in his biography and political commitment, but in her poderosa Nouvelle Géographie Universelle, a dominant position in Europe, an egemone continent at its time over almost the whole world for the power of its colonial empires, is it a geography that could be broken by 'Eurocentrism' or 'colonialism', as some critics have done? Or does it have elements of anti-conformism in line with the anarchical thinking of its author? We try to respond by first analysing the general representation of the continent and its borders in the text of the work. The problem of European hegemony and colonialism is then addressed by comparing this text with other contemporary sources, such as Reclus's articles and correspondence with its scientific collaborators. Finally, in this geography, we discover the germs of early critical thinking about the role of the continent at its time. ; Elisée Reclus, geografo eterodosso e anticonformista nella sua biografia e nel suo impegno politico, dedica però, nella sua poderosa Nouvelle Géographie Universelle, una posizione preponderante all'Europa, continente egemone alla sua epoca sulla quasi totalità del mondo per il potere dei suoi imperi coloniali. Si tratta di una geografia che si potrebbe tacciare di "eurocentrismo" se non di "colonialismo", come hanno fatto alcuni critici? O presenta invece degli elementi di anticonformismo in coerenza con il pensiero anarchico del suo autore? Si cerca di rispondere analizzando in primo luogo la rappresentazione generale del continente e dei suoi confini nel testo dell'opera. Si affronta poi il problema dell'egemonia europea e del colonialismo confrontando questo testo ad altre fonti contemporanee, come articoli e corrispondenze di Reclus con i suoi collaboratori scientifici. Si scoprono, infine, in questa geografia, i germi di un pensiero critico precoce sul ruolo del continente alla sua epoca. ; Elisée Reclus, a heterodous and anti-conformist geographer in his biography and political commitment, ...

The chapter on children's literature in Portugal is organised in two parts. The first from 1945 to 1974 and the second from 1975 to 2011. The main reason for this organization is related to the social and cultural changes which have resulted from the policy change, caused by the revolution of April 25th, 1974, putting out the political regime of the "New State". The change from a totalitarian regime, which advocated the isolationism towards Europe, colonialism defender, for a democratic political regime, opening doors to decolonization, to censorship abolition and consequently opened doors to other ideologies and movements of literature from different parts. The children and youth education, the school and the editorial policy, among many other dimensions, reflected these ideological changes.

The South Pacific is a region still unimportant in the world scene, where there are islands which are extremely variable in size and are often gathered in archipelagos. Since it was long neglected by the processes of colonialism, the region has managed to preserve a rich environmental and cultural heritage, abundant and unusual in the European hetero-perception. The region was first considered as a far and wild paradise to tame and exploit in the name of geopolitics and the economy, and is now divided into two linguistic areas, English and French. This situation has not prevented the creation of narratives, representations and stereotypes around this idyllic region and its elements of wilderness, mystery, remoteness, exoticism, isolation.This article focuses on the French islands in the South Pacific: New Caledonia, Polynesia and Wallis and Futuna. Beyond their stereotypes and hetero images (tropical paradises, smiling populations), such islands present some extremely varied forms of spatial organization and land management, depending on physical realities, cultural heritage, social, political and economical processes. While traditional tourism promotes the image of tropical paradise, their self-representations are trying to show a different vision, which increases the differences between the three French archipelagos of the South Pacific.

Imperialism, nationalism and colonies in the work of Friedrich Ratzel Ratzel is often associated with 'fin dè siecle' imperialism, but on the basis of a prejudice that condemns him to "be part of his time" before even having done the appropriate considerations; however, Ratzel is part of his time not because of imperialism, but as a participant in an intellectual debate, far more complex than a foreign policy option. Imperialism, nationalism and colonialism in Ratzel may be included starting by the concept of growth of Government. The problem of growth clarifies the dynamic aspect of the political geography of Ratzel, one of the most crushing innovations introduced by the German scholar into the geographical speech. We tried to show how the political action, within the Ratzel system, is used to obtain a greater advantage from the ground, that is a deep radication and not a necessarily-in-horizontal expansion, which is to the detriment of other countries. According to Ratzel, the end of history is the progressive connection between the human being and the ground; therefore the objective of the policy will be set accordingly, leading to the decline of the possible expansion in favour of growth. A better understanding of Ratzel' way of thinking must begin from a more careful analysis of the "political idea" prevailing in those years in Leipzig. Study circles, conferences, books, and their relationships cultivated by Ratzel, shows a picture closer to the neo-German idealism.