Suchergebnisse

Environmental sociology comprises a diverse set of interests, with the built‐environment/natural‐environment cleavage being especially significant. Yet, by virtue of their interest in societal‐environmental relations, all environmental sociologists depart significantly from the disciplinary tradition of ignoring the physical environment. We offer an ecological perspective as a fruitful way of viewing the relations between societal and environmental phenomena, and as a means of integrating work on both built and natural environments.

Der Artikel beschäftigt sich mit verschiedenen Aspekten der Integrations- und Außenhandelspolitik der EG.

Contents are grouped under the headings: The nature of environmental threat; Society, personality, and environmental usufruct; The economics of common environmental property; Emerging environmental law; Organizing for environmental planning.

In the August 1972 issue of International Review, an article on the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment drew attention to one of the vital problems of our day. The importance of the subject was underlined in the seven-paragraph Declaration adopted in Stockholm in June 1972, expressing man's common interest in the preservation of our planet. The Declaration, comprising a preamble and a number of principles, stated, inter alia, the following:Man has the fundamental right to freedom, equality and adequate conditions of life, in an environment of a quality which permits a life of dignity and well-being, and bears a solemn responsibility to protect and improve the environment for present and future generations.

This article examines decision making in the development context from an information- processing perspective. Drawing on the work of Chenery and Black, three economic and four political strategies are identified. Using an artificial intelligence methodology-the common-sense algorithm-the decision rules for each political strategy and an economic strategy emphasizing self-reliance are modeled. Simulations were run on the strategies. Responses represent ways in which development strategies or images recognize problems and respond to specific actions. Results indicate that the most politically difficult strategy with an economic focus on self-reliance was one that represented an attempt to build and consolidate the leadership of the government. A strategy built on a common ideological creed was the least affected by the specific simulations.

Stanley Hoffmann, Joseph Nye, and Karl Kaiser have all stressed the significance of the external environment in determining the attractiveness of a regional plan; Ernst Haas has acknowledged that he neglected this in his earlier model of the integrative process. I shall argue here 1) that a particular element in the external environment has been the key incentive for Sweden's position in current negotiations for a Nordic customs union and connected economic package and 2) that an evaluation of this same external factor will be crucial for Norway's and Denmark's decision.