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The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept, philosophy, principles and basic forms of Community Policing as a model of interaction of the National Police of Ukraine with the population. A historical digression of the formation of the Community Policing strategy was made and it was proved that it was based on the implementation of the so-called "9 principles of modern police" by Robert Peel, modified and tested in the law enforcement agencies of democratic countries. It is proposed to define Community Policing in the sense of a community-based approach to policing, which recognizes that effective policing depends on community assistance and support, and which is based on innovative collaboration between the police and the community to jointly identify and address issues, facing the community. It has been proved that the Community Policing, as a model of interaction between the police and the population, has its own philosophy and certain organizational principles. It is proposed to understand the concept of Community Policing, philosophy as certain semantic postulates, as well as an organizational strategy for their implementation in the field of police and community cooperation to overcome problems related to crime, public order and security, to improve the quality of life. The philosophical and semantic principles of the Community Policing concept are revealed. The purpose of realization of the Community Policing model is substantiated and defined and the expected results of its introduction in Ukraine are formulated. It is proposed to define the concept of "forms of policing within Community Policing" in the sense of homogeneous in nature and legal nature of groups of actions that have external expression, and through which the protection of citizens, public order, public safety, crime prevention, police services in the process of partnership between the police and the population. The most promising forms of interaction between the police and the population within the Community Policing model operating in Ukraine are analyzed. It is proved that the conditions for the effectiveness of communication between the police and the public within the Community Collecting model are the implementation of the latter in accordance with established principles and on a certain range of issues. The content of these principles is revealed and the range of relevant issues of the communication process is outlined. ; Статтю присвячено аналізу поняття, філософії, принципів та основних форм здійснення Community Policing як моделі взаємодії Національної поліції України з населенням. Здійснено історичний екскурс формування стратегії Community Policing та доведено, що в її основу було покладено реалізацію так званих 9 принципів роботи сучасної поліції Роберта Піля, модифікованих і апробо- ваних у діяльності правоохоронних структур демократичних країн світу. Запропоновано визначення поняття Community Policing у розумінні орієнтованого на громаду підходу в роботі поліції, який визнає, що ефективна поліційна діяльність залежить від допомоги й підтримки з боку громади і який ґрунтується на організованій інно- ваційними методами співпраці поліції і громади щодо спільного виявлення й розв'язання проблем, які стоять перед громадою. Доведено, що Community Policing, як модель взаємодії між поліцією і населенням, має власну філософію та певні організаційні засади. Запропоновано під поняттям філософії Community Policing розуміти певні смислові постулати, а також організаційну стратегію щодо їх втілення у сфері взаємодії поліції і громади задля подолання проблем, пов'язаних із злочинністю, порушенням громадського порядку та безпекою, з метою поліпшення якості життя громади. Розкрито філософсько-смислові засади концепції Community Policing. Обґрунтовано й визначено мету реалізації моделі Community Policing та сформульовано очікувані результати її запровадження в Україні. Запропоновано визначення поняття «форми реалізації поліційної діяльності в межах Community Policing» у розумінні однорідних за своїм характером та правовою природою груп дій, що мають зовнішнє вираження, і за допомогою яких забезпечуються охорона прав громадян, громадський порядок, громадська безпека, здійснюється протидія правопорушенням, надаються поліційні послуги у процесі партнерської взаємодії між поліцією і населенням. Проаналізовано найбільш перспективні форми взаємодії поліції і населення в межах моделі Community Policing, що діє в Україні. Доведено, що умовами ефективності комунікації між поліцією і населенням в межах моделі Community Policing є здійснення її відповідно до установлених принципів і з визначеного кола питань. Розкрито зміст зазначених принципів та окреслено коло відповідних питань процесу комунікації.

The article analyzes the activities of local self-government bodies at the level of united territorial communities through the analysis of programs of integrated community development planning, their stages and problems that arise in their development. Approaches to researching the content of community development potential are identified. The main problems that hinder capacity development, have been identified: low level of organizational capacity of local self-government bodies, lack of organizational strategy and organizational processes, low level of interest and awareness of the processes of local self-government reform and lack of certainty in the land legislation.

This master thesis is relevant to modern society that cherishesdemocratic values. The application of the community policing modelin different countries symbolizes their progress, desire and willingness to start cooperation, while at the same time reducing the separation between the public and the police authorities. The public view of the police as it is only a state power structure rather than as a social partner, causes big problematic issues these days. Seeking to find out how to restore the lost relationship between police and community, this master's thesis analyzed the emergence and prevalence of community policing in foreign countries, examined what influence and effect community needs, political and other factors had on the implementation of community policing model. While analyzing the peculiarities of implementation of the community police model, the factors determining the effectiveness of this model in various countries have been evaluated, the countries have been chosen on the basis of issues that are important to contemporarysociety as, experience, values, high crime rates, the spending of people who profess the religion of Islam. The conclusions in this master thesis regarding the perspective of community policing are reached, in both - countries that started to implement this model such as Lithuania and countries that are in preparations to do so. Recommendations regarding the effectiveness of implementation of this model which are connected with the community needs analysis, preparation of police officers for implementation of this model, centralization of police institution, hierarchy, the main principles of activity, adaptation of new technology and formation of the image of the police officers are presented.

This master thesis is relevant to modern society that cherishesdemocratic values. The application of the community policing modelin different countries symbolizes their progress, desire and willingness to start cooperation, while at the same time reducing the separation between the public and the police authorities. The public view of the police as it is only a state power structure rather than as a social partner, causes big problematic issues these days. Seeking to find out how to restore the lost relationship between police and community, this master's thesis analyzed the emergence and prevalence of community policing in foreign countries, examined what influence and effect community needs, political and other factors had on the implementation of community policing model. While analyzing the peculiarities of implementation of the community police model, the factors determining the effectiveness of this model in various countries have been evaluated, the countries have been chosen on the basis of issues that are important to contemporarysociety as, experience, values, high crime rates, the spending of people who profess the religion of Islam. The conclusions in this master thesis regarding the perspective of community policing are reached, in both - countries that started to implement this model such as Lithuania and countries that are in preparations to do so. Recommendations regarding the effectiveness of implementation of this model which are connected with the community needs analysis, preparation of police officers for implementation of this model, centralization of police institution, hierarchy, the main principles of activity, adaptation of new technology and formation of the image of the police officers are presented.

This research is relevant to local communities, municipality office workers. Problem of this research - functional local community in the self-governing) system. Author has inquired on what factors it depends that some communities are functional and others non-functional. Author searched ways to improve process of collaboration between local communities and municipality. The main objective was analysis of the concept of community to reveal the local community functionality determinants of these factors impact on the local community and local government relations. The following tasks were raised: 1. Examine the theoretical context of community. 2. Define the local community functionality determinants. 3. Discuss municipality and local community relationship and forms of their cooperation. Create a theoretical functional local community and government relationship model. 4. Empirical investigation of Šilutės district municipality and analyzing the impact of cooperation with the authorities of local communities functionality. The literature analysis showed that this feeling of community is background of citizenship, also clarified the concept of different community types. In this work showed importance of functional determinants of the local community and management methods importance of functional local communities. The empirical study found that the smooth relations between local communities and municipalities should be based on the basic management functions - planning, organizing, directing and controlling. It revealed that the municipality could help local communities in project activities, purchase of certain services from them. Meanwhile, the parish becomes an intermediate link between the two institutions. Cooperation process improves and the same local communities. Local communities and municipalities to improve relations has been developed a practical model of cooperation between local communities and municipalities. The work consists of two parts - practical and empirical.

This research is relevant to local communities, municipality office workers. Problem of this research - functional local community in the self-governing) system. Author has inquired on what factors it depends that some communities are functional and others non-functional. Author searched ways to improve process of collaboration between local communities and municipality. The main objective was analysis of the concept of community to reveal the local community functionality determinants of these factors impact on the local community and local government relations. The following tasks were raised: 1. Examine the theoretical context of community. 2. Define the local community functionality determinants. 3. Discuss municipality and local community relationship and forms of their cooperation. Create a theoretical functional local community and government relationship model. 4. Empirical investigation of Šilutės district municipality and analyzing the impact of cooperation with the authorities of local communities functionality. The literature analysis showed that this feeling of community is background of citizenship, also clarified the concept of different community types. In this work showed importance of functional determinants of the local community and management methods importance of functional local communities. The empirical study found that the smooth relations between local communities and municipalities should be based on the basic management functions - planning, organizing, directing and controlling. It revealed that the municipality could help local communities in project activities, purchase of certain services from them. Meanwhile, the parish becomes an intermediate link between the two institutions. Cooperation process improves and the same local communities. Local communities and municipalities to improve relations has been developed a practical model of cooperation between local communities and municipalities. The work consists of two parts - practical and empirical.

Some critics nowadays are calling for the development of a transracial or "color- -blind" society. They claim that the current focus on multiculturalism is causing undue social conflict. In general, these critics want to promote an absolute culture that provides a universal standard for assimilation. The problem with this approach to maintaining social order is that diversity is undermined, along with key elements of democracy. What is needed, instead, is an image of society that does not require unquestioned assimilation in order to insure solidarity. In this way, the democratization of culture can be promoted.

Some critics nowadays are calling for the development of a transracial or "color- -blind" society. They claim that the current focus on multiculturalism is causing undue social conflict. In general, these critics want to promote an absolute culture that provides a universal standard for assimilation. The problem with this approach to maintaining social order is that diversity is undermined, along with key elements of democracy. What is needed, instead, is an image of society that does not require unquestioned assimilation in order to insure solidarity. In this way, the democratization of culture can be promoted.

Some critics nowadays are calling for the development of a transracial or "color- -blind" society. They claim that the current focus on multiculturalism is causing undue social conflict. In general, these critics want to promote an absolute culture that provides a universal standard for assimilation. The problem with this approach to maintaining social order is that diversity is undermined, along with key elements of democracy. What is needed, instead, is an image of society that does not require unquestioned assimilation in order to insure solidarity. In this way, the democratization of culture can be promoted.

Some critics nowadays are calling for the development of a transracial or "color- -blind" society. They claim that the current focus on multiculturalism is causing undue social conflict. In general, these critics want to promote an absolute culture that provides a universal standard for assimilation. The problem with this approach to maintaining social order is that diversity is undermined, along with key elements of democracy. What is needed, instead, is an image of society that does not require unquestioned assimilation in order to insure solidarity. In this way, the democratization of culture can be promoted.

Is it possible to provide a "philosophical reduction" of extensively proliferating interpretations of the phenomenon of identity in humanities? Could the concept of ethno-cultural form of life serve as the end socio-anthropological correlate of its philosophical understanding through the notions of life-world, culture, a person of culture? Interpreting E. Ericson's, A. Sen's, K.A. Appiah's, A. Maalouf's, N. Sharansky's and some other ideas the article responds in a positive way to the raised questions. At the same time it critisizes a trend of applying cosmopolitan view on the globalization process (A. Sen, J. Habermas) to analysis of the "end grounds" of the identity. The author refers to deliberated hermeneutical study of the "communitas" (Lat.) done by R. Esposito to join his conclusion on "no-thingness" of the "essence" or "communality" of community as identity of a collective subject. Using generalizations of B. Anderson as to "emagined nations" the author develops the view on identity as a way of being in terms of being-possibility, as well as through M. Heidegger's concept of ontological difference. Methodologically, such an approach can help to criticize various forms of reificationistic approaches in political judgments and in everyday life, i.e., under discriminating interpretations of identity through indication of the "negative features of national character", biased reduction of communities and individuals to their bio-anthropological characteristics, etc. ; ***

Certain aspects of the local self­government functions realization support in Ukraine and some other countries have been considered. Analysis of the notion "issue of the local character" has been made taking into account its doctrine interpretation in both native and foreign scientific literature. Foreign experience regarding determination of the local self­government functions and objectives in the countries having Anglo­Saxon and continental types of the local government systems has been studied. Certain suggestions have been made to improve Ukrainian practice as for the community's right for local self­government realization. The suggestions made concern division of the local character issues into the local issues themselves and the issues delegated. Besides, the local issues themselves include obligatory issues (key functions performed by the local self­government itself) and additional (optional) functions which are performed by the local self­government regarding the community financial situation under the contracts with private companies and attracting other communities' financial assets. ; Розглянуто окремі аспекти забезпечення реалізації функцій місцевого самоврядування в Україні та в інших країнах. Здійснено аналіз поняття «питання місцевого значення» з урахуванням його доктри­нального тлумачення у вітчизняній та зарубіжній науковій літературі. Досліджено зарубіжний досвід щодо визначення функцій та завдань місцевого самоврядування в країнах з англосаксонською та кон­тинентальною системами локального управління. Для покращення практики реалізації права на місце­ве самоврядування в Україні сформульовано пропозиції стосовно поділу питань місцевого значення на власні та делеговані. При цьому власна сфера має включати обов'язкові питання, які стосуються життє­во важливих для територіальних громад питань, а також додаткові (факультативні) функції, що повинні здійснюватися залежно від фінансових можливостей громади на договірних засадах із залученням при­ватних організацій, коштів інших громад. ; Розглянуто ...

The concept of security community goes back to Karl Deutsch, who distinguished between "amalgamated" and "pluralistic" security communities. In an amalgamated security community, such as the US, two or more states formally merge into an expanded state. On the other hand, a pluralistic security community retains the legal independence of separate states but integrates them to the point that the units entertain "dependable expectations of peaceful change". A pluralistic security community develops when its members possess a compatibility of core values derived from common institutions and mutual responsiveness – a matter of mutual identity and loyalty, and a 'we-feeling" among states. The Transatlantic Security Community was born right after the WWII when Western countries formed a collective identity against a commonly perceived threat – Soviet Union. Transatlantic Security Community was a symbol of Western values, traditions and identity. The end of Cold War changed the context within which the Community now had to operate. The loss of a clear and present danger didn't affect the transatlantic partnership much – or it seemed so. The core Atlantic powers appeared to be drawing much closer together and facing the future with a great deal of confidence but the Kosovo intervention proved it to be wrong. The fact that the operation was run and largely conduced by Americans made USA think of Europeans as of allies who not only had limited technical means but whose leaders had to adapt to a public opinion that was far from supportive of fighting an engagement that had not been sanctioned by the UN. The gap between America and Europe widened even more after the attacks of September 11.[.].