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Pengembangan Pariwisata Berbasis Masyarakat (CBT) telah ditetapkan sebagai makna masyarakat arus utama dalam pengembangan pariwisata. berfokus pada masyarakat pembangunan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengevaluasi penerapan prinsip-prinsip CBT melibatkan ekonomi, sosial, budaya, politik, dan lingkungan, (2) mengidentifikasi kondisi masyarakat yang mendukung penerapan prinsip-prinsip dasar Masyarakat Pariwisata Berbasis (CBT) di kota Agro Batu, dan (3) merumuskan prinsip dasar indikator Masyarakat Pariwisata Berbasis (CBT) yang mendukung realisasi Agro Lestari. Lokasi ditentukan secara purposive penelitian di Batu, Jawa Timur. Alasannya untuk memilih lokasi penelitian karena Kota Batu mengembangkan diri sebagai analisis berdasarkan tujuan wisata masyarakat.Unit penelitian ini meliputi dua spektrum : (1) orang yang terdiri dari individu anggota masyarakat di tujuan wisata ekowisata, agrowisata dan petani yang mengembangkan wisatawan yang Ekowisata kegiatan; dan (2) lembaga (institusi). Data primer dikumpulkan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner, wawancara mendalam dan observasi. pengumpulan data sekunder sedangkana menggunakan data dari BPS, terkait kantor pemerintah daerah dan Monografi Desa / Village, dan kabupaten. Analisis kuantitatif dari data yang akan dianalisis dengan menggunakan deskriptif dan inferensial statistik. Sedangkan data kualitatif akan dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis isi dan interaktif. Penerapan prinsip-prinsip ekonomi CBT berkaitan erat dengan pertumbuhan industri barang / jasa di bidang pariwisata Batu yang akan menyerap lokal sektor pariwisata tenaga kerja. Penerapan prinsip-prinsip CBT pada umumnya sosial persepsi masyarakat tentang perkembangan positif dari agrowisata. Penerapan prinsip budaya dalam pengembangan agro CBT melibatkan tiga hal: (a) mendorong pertukaran budaya berkembangannya, menghormati budaya yang berbeda, dan adanya perkembangan budaya. Penerapan prinsip-prinsip politik terkait erat dengan akses, kontrol, dan partisipasi dalam pengembangan agrowisata. Prinsip-prinsip yang berkaitan dengan pengembangan CBT daya dukung lingkungan berbasis kearifan lokal, sistem pengelolaan sampah yang ramah lingkungan, dan konservasi. Kondisi masyarakat yang mendukung penerapan prinsip-prinsip dasar dari komunitas pariwisata berbasis (CBT) adalah struktur kekuasaan masyarakat yang berkaitan erat dengan proses pengambilan keputusan yang berkaitan dengan desa stratifikasi sosial anggota. dan peran tokoh masyarakat yang memiliki kekuatan untuk mempengaruhi adalah informal namun efektif masyarakat. Prinsip-prinsip dasar Berbasis Masyarakat Indikator Pariwisata (CBT) yang mendukung realisasi Sustainable Agro Masyarakat Pariwisata Berbasis (CBT)ditambah, yang terdiri dari prinsip-prinsip ekonomi, prinsip-prinsip sosial, prinsip budaya, prinsip politik, prinsip-prinsip lingkungan dan teknologi

This paper investigates the association of religiosity and trust to community participation or volunteering in development. Social trust is measured in several indicators, is an important aspect of development process, since social trust related to many development outcomes, such as growth, democratic stability as well as subjective well- being. In economic terms, when people trust each other, transaction cost can be reduced, organization can perform better, government policy could stimulate output faster, and many more. Utilizing Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) wave 2014 this study finds the following results. Firstly, social trust closely associated with individual characteristics. Maturity, better educational and income level improve individual trust and individual participation in community activities. Secondly, individual subjective report about religiosity strongly associated with willingness to participate in various community activities. Policy relevant with this finding it is important to promote tolerance and religiosity, as these aspects can improve social trust. Social trust closely associates with more participation in community activities for accumulating public services and public goods. As more public services and public goods are available, nationally better welfare can be promoted.

This paper analyses the important of regional investment agreements for promoting international trade in ASEAN countries. To visualize the above idea, this work will explain the roles of regional investment agreements to serve investment, trade facilitation and to protect regional investment interests. It is argued that regional investment agreements can serve as a vehicle for dialogue, coordination on and to response regional issues including regulatory harmonization, infrastructure development, and collaboration among members to facilitate investment. The paper shows how regional agreements will commit to eliminate barriers on substantially trade and investment, create positive welfare gains, the productivity and stimulus to growth in the region. This paper also analyses the effect of the establishment of an ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) by 2015 to the regional investment policies. AEC aiming at transforming ASEAN into a single market and production base with a highly competitive economic region, equitable economic development, free movement of goods, services, investment, skilled labor, and freer flow of capital, will likely accelerate regional integration and cooperation in the investment sectors fully integrated into the international trade. Then, this work demonstrates the implementation of regional investment cooperation into the formal instruments/agreements of investment policy architecture promoting and protecting cross border investment among nationals of ASEAN member states, such as ASEAN Investment Guarantee Agreement (IGA), the ASEAN Investment Area (AIA) and ASEAN Comprehensive Investment Agreement (ACIA). However, it is realized that the ASEAN members may resist and protest against the regional investment agreements because of conflicting their national interest. The paper proposed that the regional inv stment agreements need to be strengthened by harmonization and structural adjustment due to the member's resistance and protest. This idea may spark challenge because each member has fundamental differences on the nature and character of legal and economic systems reflecting different political systems, economic and social cultures in accordance with the philosophy of life values and national interests of each country. To overcome the challenge, this paper argues that ASEAN member countries need to unilaterally and collectively come up with structuring trade and investment policy harmonization to move ahead and reap the benefits from regional investment agreement as a common tool for contesting their interest in international trade. In addition, pre agreed flexibilities to accommodate the interests of all ASEAN countries may eliminate the problem.

Currently, ASEAN has come to the new phase of cooperation on political security, economic, and socio-cultural by the establishment of ASEAN Charter in 2008. The cooperation has been deepened, widened, and enlarged. Accordingly, the AEC is the most significant cooperations, namely the economic integration of ASEAN which not mere free trade area but to make the region as a production basefor all products of ASEAN as well as to accomplish the region as a single market by applying scorecard system of AEC's blueprint that should be preserved by all ASEAN state members. Theformation of AEC in 2015 totally depends to the commitments of the member states of ASEAN to apply those agreed trade agreements, roadmaps, and plan of actions including AEC's blueprint.

Abstract This research was motivated by the problem faced of KPU Kerinci regency in carried out their duties and authority. It was characterized by the lack of neutrality of the committee organizer the implementation of the sub-district (PPK) and the voting committee (PPS), the lack of enthusiasm in the society and the number of people who choosw not registered in the voters list (DPT). This research aims: 1) To describe the socialization given by KPU Kerinci regency in the implementation of local election. 2) To describe the action taken by the KPU Kerinci regency in order the regent and vice-regent candidate act accordance with the rule that have been socialized. 3) To describe how to the sanction given by the Kerinci regency to candidate who violate the rule. This research was descriptive qualitative. The instruments used were interview, questionnaire and documentation. These result indicate that 83% of people stated that the Kerinci regency has been implement the socialization maximally. The action taken by the KPU Kerinci regency to candidate regent and vice-regent to act according to the rule was provide socialization to a pair of candidates on election rules. The sanction given by the KPU Kerinci regency in observed the regent candidate pairs and representative who violate the rule given in the form of administrative sanction.Keywords: Authority, KPU, Political Participation

The aim of introducing agroforestry and community-based forestry is to secure and improve livelihoods, maintain and restore ecosystem services, and contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation. However, the adoption and scaling up of these systems among food insecure communities have proved to be difficult. To better understand why, I identified barriers and bridges at different adoption stages and levels of governance. These were analysed using policy narratives and the sustainable livelihood approach in the light of sustainable development, sustainability and resilience of landscapes. The first stage was the negotiation process between the Swedish NGO Vi-Skogen and the Swedish International Development Agency (Sida) about funding. Three explanatory approaches were used: organizational, power and context. Vi-Skogen and Sida were caught in policy incompatibility dilemmas that slowed down the NGO policy process, and delayed critical changes that could have improved project outcomes. The second was Vi-Skogen's agroforestry project in Tanzania's Mara Region. A random sample of 21 households was drawn from each of 89 project villages. The proportion of households with surviving agroforestry trees varied from 10-90 % among villages. Field training and visits to farmers with good practices were important for households to start planting trees. Local collaboration, perceived ownership of trees and benefits of trees for crop production were additional factors important for households' decision to continue with agroforestry practices. The third was eleven community-based forest producer and user groups (CBFGs) in eastern and southern Africa. Development of many groups had stagnated and few had managed to develop large scale value-added production. I identified eight barriers and four bridges that influenced the scaling up process of agroforestry and community based forestry among food insecure households. All resulted from interactions among social, political, and economic structures and processes at multiple ...

A soft Brexit scenario will include an implementation period from the day the UK formally leaves the EU to 31 December 2020. During the implementation period, the UK will continue to be functionally treated as an EU member state and remain a party to EU international agreement. Associated with the ASEAN single market, should be considered the readiness of Indonesian regulations and legislations that in sectorial concerns at least three aforementioned legal instruments to be harmonized with the laws of the ASEAN countries. Important findings were shown by the research from the perspectives of business law, especially, capital investment law, intellectual property and international trade law that Brexit has significant impact for the EU itself, Indonesia and also AEC.

The Bali Sejahtera Community-Based Development Program (CBD) is not the only program designed to respond to challenges, bringing Balinese families as part of an Indonesian family to live in prosperity. From the data collected by the Central Bureau of Statistics, the poverty rate in Bali has increased every year. To overcome the problem of poverty, the government has made various efforts by issuing development policies and programs by the central and regional governments. The condition of poverty is still a concern in Bali, inspiring the outside world, especially the World Bank to participate in overcoming it. Therefore, to implement a policy that has been designed by the Provincial Government of Bali, the Provincial Government of Bali in collaboration with the World Bank launched the Bali Sejahtera Community Development Program which began in 2001. Community Based Development uses a community-based or bottom up development program placing the community object program as the manager and main actor of the program in the sense that the community is given a full role to determine its own interests or needs in accordance with their potential. This program is managed through traditional institutions in Bali through Pakraman village. Badung as one of the regencies in Bali is the target of the CBD-Bali Sejahtera program with the number of Pakraman villages spread across 6 sub-districts in Abiansemal, Mengwi, South Kuta, Kuta, North Kuta and Petang, with a number of poor families as 5,680 households out of the total number 43,497 households. The selection of 49 Pakraman villages in Badung Regency was the object of research with the reason that, seeing from the development of the poverty line in Badung Regency that there was still a percentage of poverty that could be categorized as far from the expectation, Badung Regency was the Regency / City in Bali that had the Highest Original Income compared to other districts / cities in Bali. The analytical method used is qualitative.

The existence of ASEAN trully did not comes apart from concerns about the South East Asian Nations which has conflicted, for example like the confrontation between Indonesia and Malaysia, territorial demand between Phillipine and Malaysia on Sabah, also the separation of Singapore from the Malaysian Federation. From those backgrounds, the South East Asian Nations especially Indonesia and Malaysia which recently conflicted, realizes the needs to form a cooperation to reduce tension, to construct confidence building and pushing regional cooperation growth which felt have no progress after each nations receive its independence. 8 August 1967 is the first ASEAN formation spearheaded by five Ministers of Foreign Affair from Indonesia, Phillipine, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand, which resulted in the signation of ASEAN Declaration or known as The Bangkok Declaration and it also means ASEAN is formally created. One of the ASEAN's aim is "to accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural growth in South East Asia Nations." Nevertheless, in actualizing ASEAN's growth it is not as easy as turning the palm of a hand, various national interest affected ASEAN's policy. Resulted to outdraw the main aim that have been agreed by the Nations, informal or formal conflict always happened in the middle of goverments effort in reducing conflict. For example, the arrest of KPLP Indonesian Officer by the Malaysian Royal Police, the accusation of Thailand to Malaysia in helping separatism of South Thailand, the dispute of Angkor Temple between Cambodia and Vietnam constituted on how the implementation of ASEAN's agreements are hard to happened. Although, the interesting parts are eventhough conflicts still exist between each Nations but open war which can cause many victims never happens. One of the secret why ASEAN Nations stays solid is the tolerance and togetherness underlied the brotherhood of South East Asia Nations. Which nowadays had been used as a strong reason to build trush building between each member for the advancement of ASEAN nations in the future. Social and cultural approaches through public diplomation, reconsiliation and bridging of kinship always be a reference in problem solutions, relativeness in ASEAN's history had always be an important point for ASEAN's progress until nowadays. Keywords : Cooperation, Kinship And Prospective

This study aims to analyze and describe the public participation level and the factors supporting and inhibiting public participation in maintaining peace and order in Imandi Village. This research uses a descriptive qualitative research method. This research was located in Imandi Village, East Dumoga Subdistrict, Bolaang Mongondow Regency, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The results showed that: 1) The Imandi Village community's participation is still not well implemented. Therefore, it will be better to maintain public peace and order in the village if it starts from individuals as small community units. It allows the realization of solidarity, which will significantly affect group members or community members in public peace and order implementation. 2) Efforts to motivate people to participate through Mapalus (mutual assistance activities) need leaders who can be role models. Village community leaders can be the key motivator in mutual assistance activities, but the government's participation is required. (3) The village government and its apparatus must continue to managing and fostering community members, especially in multicultural communities, to prevent the disruption of public peace and order. ; Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan tingkat partisipasi masyarakat serta faktor-faktor pendukung dan penghambat partisipasi masyarakat dalam menjaga ketentraman dan ketertiban di Desa Imandi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Penelitian ini berlokasi di Desa Imandi, Kecamatan Dumoga Timur, Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara, Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Peran serta masyarakat Desa Imandi masih belum terlaksana dengan baik. Oleh karena itu, akan lebih baik untuk menjaga ketentraman dan ketertiban umum di desa jika dimulai dari individu-individu sebagai kesatuan masyarakat kecil. Hal ini memungkinkan terwujudnya solidaritas, yang secara signifikan akan mempengaruhi anggota kelompok atau anggota masyarakat dalam pelaksanaan ketentraman dan ketertiban umum. 2) Upaya memotivasi masyarakat untuk berpartisipasi melalui Mapalus (kegiatan gotong royong) membutuhkan pemimpin yang dapat menjadi panutan. Tokoh masyarakat desa dapat menjadi motivator dalam kegiatan gotong royong, namun diperlukan peran serta pemerintah. (3) Pemerintah desa dan perangkatnya harus terus membina dan memberdayakan masyarakat, khususnya dalam masyarakat multikultural, untuk mencegah terganggunya ketentraman dan ketertiban umum.