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This is a conference paper. ; The pre-independence government in Zimbabwe initiated a borehole drilling programme for the provision of domestic water to rural populations. Dams and sandabstraction systems were put in place for the watering of livestock. A centralised maintenance and repair system was provided at a District level by skilled technicians funded from local taxation of rural people and from quasicommercial projects.

This is a conference paper. ; This paper discusses the challenges to community management under a Government of Japan/Ghana co-funded Rural Water Supply Project in the Eastern Region of Ghana (1997–1999) and examines capacity building strategies based on project interventions implemented by CWSA. The 2-year project was code named "JICA Project".

This is a conference paper. ; The participatory Action Research on The Role of Communities in the Management of Improved rural Water Supplies involves the understanding of the dynamics, and the challenges inherent in the decision making process within the social environment in which the improved water supplies are located. The Participatory Action Research is enhancing the understanding of the dynamics challenges and constraints of community management. The overall project guidance and coordination is provided by International Centre for Water and Sanitation (IRC), The Hague with funding from The Netherlands Government. The collaborating institutions are NGO's in six developing countries Colombia, Guatemala (Latin America); Nepal, Pakistan (Asia); and Cameroon, Kenya (Africa). Network for Water and Sanitation International (NETWAS) is a Regional NGO collaborating in this PAR Project. The overall project components include preparation, community selection, community diagnosis, problem identification, identification of promising solutions, experimentation and monitory and evaluation.

This is a conference paper. ; Rural communities in the Upper Regions of Ghana have acquired awareness about the linkage between diseases and water supply. They are therefore making demands through self assessment of real needs combining possible technical options, choice, service levels and price that is best to them. The Community Water Project (COWAP) is a CIDA/Ghana six year Project, which is to assist the Ghana Water and Sewerage Corporation (GWSC) to carry out its Rural Water Supply Programme in the Upper Regions, by adapting to the structures and approaches of the Government Strategic Investment Programme (SIP). The SIP calls for individual communities, using the "demanddriven" approach, to plan, own and manage their water and sanitation facilities, with the private sector providing goods and services and the Government facilitating the process. The main objective of the COWAP, however is to transfer the ownership and management of some 2700 centrally-maintained handpumps to village level operation and maintenance (VLOM) system. This involves the redevelopment of the boreholes and the replacement of all the VLOM handpumps (AFRIDEV and NIRA). A project such as the Community Water Project seems to be complex in nature, considering the fact that collective management of handpumps is a new experience for communities. It has been found that village level organizational difficulties normally arise through the problems of cash management, illiteracy, the relative autonomy of households and gender divisions. The Community Water Project since its inception in 1993 has been concerned with working out strategies that will enable communities appreciate the concept of community ownership, given the fact that the users have been living with the idea that the systems are government-owned for the past 20 years with their inputs only limited to payment of tariffs. This paper therefore compares the Strategic Investment Programme (SIP) with the Community Water Project (COWAP) strategies and outlines some of the steps and approaches which have been taken by COWAP to address the issues in order to ensure sustainability of the systems.

In a series of remarkable forays, Post develops an original account of how law functions in a democratic society. He draws on work in sociology, philosophy, and political theory, to offer a radically new perspective on some of the most pressing constitutional issues of our day, such as the regulation of racist speech, pornography, and privacy.

This is a conference paper. ; Management arrangements for rural water supply in South Africa are rapidly evolving. Recent legislation and emerging government policies are providing an innovative framework in which institutional arrangements for water services can be developed. In the context of rural areas in the former Transkei banthustan, new working relationships are being developed between evolving structures of local government and community-based organisations. This paper focuses on developments in the Eastern Cape Province in an area where the institutional framework has been interpreted with an emphasis on community management. The roles of the various stakeholders are discussed, and the successes and challenges to these arrangements are also reviewed.

This is a conference paper. ; This paper is an output of a four-year Participatory Action Research (PAR) project on community water management. The paper is one of the multiple ways in which lessons from this research project are being disseminated and put to use. Following the research phase, the Dutch government is now also financing the dissemination phase. The paper starts by providing a description of the present conditions and the challenges in the global scenario and the relevance of action research. The other part describes how research insights are changing the working methodologies of NEWAH.

This is a conference paper. ; Donor funding made available to NGOs has considerably supplemented the efforts of the government agencies to facilitate rural communities with potable tap water. The national estimates of overall coverage of water supply and sanitation schemes in Pakistan for rural drinking water supply is 45% and 10% for water and sanitation respectively. A study conducted in Northern Pakistan shows a similar picture in that there is a 42% coverage for water and 20% for sanitation.

Aggressive und diskriminierende Kommentare im Umfeld journalistischer Berichterstattung auf Nachrichtenseiten und in sozialen Medien gelten als Bedrohung für den gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalt und Herausforderung für die verantwortlichen Redaktionen. Auf der Basis von 20 qualitativen Leitfadeninterviews mit Community Manager*innen untersucht dieser Beitrag, welche Moderationsstrategien im Umgang mit Hasskommentaren ergriffen werden und welche Faktoren diese Moderationsentscheidungen erklären können. Mit Rückgriff auf die Gatekeeping-Forschung werden die Ergebnisse zu einem Modell von Erklärungsfaktoren verdichtet, das diese 'Moderationsfaktoren' auf den Ebenen des Individuums, der Profession, der Organisation und der Gesellschaft anordnet.

Brand Communities stellen Unternehmen vor neue Herausforderungen. Ansetzend an einer Konzeptualisierung eines netzwerkorientierten Brand Community Managements, welches explizit die Händler vor Ort berücksichtigt, analysiert Vivian Hartleb empirisch die verschiedenen Beziehungsstrukturen innerhalb eines solchen Managements sowie die Effizienz und Effektivität eines entsprechenden Händlerengagements.