Suchergebnisse

EU policy implementation beyond EU borders: case of the Arctic region Climate change is becoming more apparent every year and causing more and more issues. In 2015 United Nations initiated Paris Climate Convention which encouraged to reduce the causes of climate change. European Union has taken this commitment very seriously and launched the European Green Course strategy in 2019. It committed itself to become the world's first climate neutral continent by 2050 as well as a leader in the field of environment protection. This decision encourages changes not only in the member-states national policies but also in policies of external actors. The region which is perhaps the most affected by the climate change is Arctic. However, Arctic states prioritize economic benefits over the fight against climate change, therefore, the EU has a key role to play in ensuring environmental standards and sustainable development in there. The European Union has already tried to become a member of the Arctic Council for Regional Coordination, but its application was rejected. This has led the EU to look for other ways to influence the region through its existing foreign policy and power instruments. The main question of the research is how does EU promote its goals of environmental policy in Arctic region? With an aim to answer the research question Sandra Lavenex and Frank Schimmelfennig theory of external governance is used and 4 hypotheses are raised. The research is conducted based on principles of qualitative content analysis and 46 primary sources were analysed in order to confirm or deny hypotheses. Three countries of Arctic region have been chosen – Canada, Norway and Denmark due to different links to EU and resolved environmental conflicts, which now can be analysed to evaluate actions of EU. Three out of four hypotheses were confirmed. 1) EU uses different methods of governance to effect countries in Arctic region; 2) The more country is institutionalized its relations with EU, the more it implements its environmental policy objectives; 3) The bigger is power asymmetry the more possibility to implement the goals; 4) Competition between EU and external countries causes recognitions and implementation of environmental goals. Additionally, the importance of relations between the region and external actors plays a crucial role in their decision to implement EU rules and norms in the domestic policy. Suggestions for the future research cover amount of actual implementation of EU environmental rules and norms in the region policy and vice versa – how EU policy is impacted by activities and policies of the Arctic region.

EU policy implementation beyond EU borders: case of the Arctic region Climate change is becoming more apparent every year and causing more and more issues. In 2015 United Nations initiated Paris Climate Convention which encouraged to reduce the causes of climate change. European Union has taken this commitment very seriously and launched the European Green Course strategy in 2019. It committed itself to become the world's first climate neutral continent by 2050 as well as a leader in the field of environment protection. This decision encourages changes not only in the member-states national policies but also in policies of external actors. The region which is perhaps the most affected by the climate change is Arctic. However, Arctic states prioritize economic benefits over the fight against climate change, therefore, the EU has a key role to play in ensuring environmental standards and sustainable development in there. The European Union has already tried to become a member of the Arctic Council for Regional Coordination, but its application was rejected. This has led the EU to look for other ways to influence the region through its existing foreign policy and power instruments. The main question of the research is how does EU promote its goals of environmental policy in Arctic region? With an aim to answer the research question Sandra Lavenex and Frank Schimmelfennig theory of external governance is used and 4 hypotheses are raised. The research is conducted based on principles of qualitative content analysis and 46 primary sources were analysed in order to confirm or deny hypotheses. Three countries of Arctic region have been chosen – Canada, Norway and Denmark due to different links to EU and resolved environmental conflicts, which now can be analysed to evaluate actions of EU. Three out of four hypotheses were confirmed. 1) EU uses different methods of governance to effect countries in Arctic region; 2) The more country is institutionalized its relations with EU, the more it implements its environmental policy objectives; 3) The bigger is power asymmetry the more possibility to implement the goals; 4) Competition between EU and external countries causes recognitions and implementation of environmental goals. Additionally, the importance of relations between the region and external actors plays a crucial role in their decision to implement EU rules and norms in the domestic policy. Suggestions for the future research cover amount of actual implementation of EU environmental rules and norms in the region policy and vice versa – how EU policy is impacted by activities and policies of the Arctic region.

EU policy implementation beyond EU borders: case of the Arctic region Climate change is becoming more apparent every year and causing more and more issues. In 2015 United Nations initiated Paris Climate Convention which encouraged to reduce the causes of climate change. European Union has taken this commitment very seriously and launched the European Green Course strategy in 2019. It committed itself to become the world's first climate neutral continent by 2050 as well as a leader in the field of environment protection. This decision encourages changes not only in the member-states national policies but also in policies of external actors. The region which is perhaps the most affected by the climate change is Arctic. However, Arctic states prioritize economic benefits over the fight against climate change, therefore, the EU has a key role to play in ensuring environmental standards and sustainable development in there. The European Union has already tried to become a member of the Arctic Council for Regional Coordination, but its application was rejected. This has led the EU to look for other ways to influence the region through its existing foreign policy and power instruments. The main question of the research is how does EU promote its goals of environmental policy in Arctic region? With an aim to answer the research question Sandra Lavenex and Frank Schimmelfennig theory of external governance is used and 4 hypotheses are raised. The research is conducted based on principles of qualitative content analysis and 46 primary sources were analysed in order to confirm or deny hypotheses. Three countries of Arctic region have been chosen – Canada, Norway and Denmark due to different links to EU and resolved environmental conflicts, which now can be analysed to evaluate actions of EU. Three out of four hypotheses were confirmed. 1) EU uses different methods of governance to effect countries in Arctic region; 2) The more country is institutionalized its relations with EU, the more it implements its environmental policy objectives; 3) The bigger is power asymmetry the more possibility to implement the goals; 4) Competition between EU and external countries causes recognitions and implementation of environmental goals. Additionally, the importance of relations between the region and external actors plays a crucial role in their decision to implement EU rules and norms in the domestic policy. Suggestions for the future research cover amount of actual implementation of EU environmental rules and norms in the region policy and vice versa – how EU policy is impacted by activities and policies of the Arctic region.

EU policy implementation beyond EU borders: case of the Arctic region Climate change is becoming more apparent every year and causing more and more issues. In 2015 United Nations initiated Paris Climate Convention which encouraged to reduce the causes of climate change. European Union has taken this commitment very seriously and launched the European Green Course strategy in 2019. It committed itself to become the world's first climate neutral continent by 2050 as well as a leader in the field of environment protection. This decision encourages changes not only in the member-states national policies but also in policies of external actors. The region which is perhaps the most affected by the climate change is Arctic. However, Arctic states prioritize economic benefits over the fight against climate change, therefore, the EU has a key role to play in ensuring environmental standards and sustainable development in there. The European Union has already tried to become a member of the Arctic Council for Regional Coordination, but its application was rejected. This has led the EU to look for other ways to influence the region through its existing foreign policy and power instruments. The main question of the research is how does EU promote its goals of environmental policy in Arctic region? With an aim to answer the research question Sandra Lavenex and Frank Schimmelfennig theory of external governance is used and 4 hypotheses are raised. The research is conducted based on principles of qualitative content analysis and 46 primary sources were analysed in order to confirm or deny hypotheses. Three countries of Arctic region have been chosen – Canada, Norway and Denmark due to different links to EU and resolved environmental conflicts, which now can be analysed to evaluate actions of EU. Three out of four hypotheses were confirmed. 1) EU uses different methods of governance to effect countries in Arctic region; 2) The more country is institutionalized its relations with EU, the more it implements its environmental policy objectives; 3) The bigger is power asymmetry the more possibility to implement the goals; 4) Competition between EU and external countries causes recognitions and implementation of environmental goals. Additionally, the importance of relations between the region and external actors plays a crucial role in their decision to implement EU rules and norms in the domestic policy. Suggestions for the future research cover amount of actual implementation of EU environmental rules and norms in the region policy and vice versa – how EU policy is impacted by activities and policies of the Arctic region.

At the end of 2019, there were 246 schools in Lithuania without permanent school headmasters. It is a quarter of all general education schools in Lithuania. Until February 1, 2020, alone an additional 121 tenders were announced. This number may continue to grow as new competitions for the post of the outgoing school principal are published regularly. A well-prepared, professional and knowledgeable school headmaster has a significant positive impact on school outcomes for both teachers and students. Therefore, the concern about the lack of headmasters in Lithuanian schools is justified. Negative communicative attention and political pressure contribute to the desire to resolve such a situation as soon as possible. In order not to manage the situation temporarily, but for long-term positive changes in the chain of school headmasters, it is necessary to assess the consistency and success of recent changes in this area. The consistency of the state policy of headmasters will be assessed at two levels - administrative and ideological. The evaluation at the administrative level will be performed by analysing the changes in the legal acts regulating the state management policy. The assessment of ideological policy consistency will be based on the types of leadership highlighted by Ellen Daniëls, Annie Hondeghema and Filip Dochyb, which have been the most prominent in recent decades: instructional, situational, transformational and distributed. Policy success will be measured by the model developed by David Marsh and Allan McConnel, which encompasses three different dimensions of policy success: process, political, and programmatic. Research examining policy success has received increasing attention over the past decade. An empirical study of the work has shown that while national headmaster policy may be considered more consistent throughout individual governments, it is more inconsistent in general. The work also provided new empirical knowledge on the policy success of national headmaster policy. Although these assessments vary widely (from failure to success) across different dimensions of success in different governments, the overall evaluation of policy success varies slightly more towards success (2.5(6) points). At the end of the work, practical recommendations for the improvement of school leaders' policy are presented.

At the end of 2019, there were 246 schools in Lithuania without permanent school headmasters. It is a quarter of all general education schools in Lithuania. Until February 1, 2020, alone an additional 121 tenders were announced. This number may continue to grow as new competitions for the post of the outgoing school principal are published regularly. A well-prepared, professional and knowledgeable school headmaster has a significant positive impact on school outcomes for both teachers and students. Therefore, the concern about the lack of headmasters in Lithuanian schools is justified. Negative communicative attention and political pressure contribute to the desire to resolve such a situation as soon as possible. In order not to manage the situation temporarily, but for long-term positive changes in the chain of school headmasters, it is necessary to assess the consistency and success of recent changes in this area. The consistency of the state policy of headmasters will be assessed at two levels - administrative and ideological. The evaluation at the administrative level will be performed by analysing the changes in the legal acts regulating the state management policy. The assessment of ideological policy consistency will be based on the types of leadership highlighted by Ellen Daniëls, Annie Hondeghema and Filip Dochyb, which have been the most prominent in recent decades: instructional, situational, transformational and distributed. Policy success will be measured by the model developed by David Marsh and Allan McConnel, which encompasses three different dimensions of policy success: process, political, and programmatic. Research examining policy success has received increasing attention over the past decade. An empirical study of the work has shown that while national headmaster policy may be considered more consistent throughout individual governments, it is more inconsistent in general. The work also provided new empirical knowledge on the policy success of national headmaster policy. Although these assessments vary widely (from failure to success) across different dimensions of success in different governments, the overall evaluation of policy success varies slightly more towards success (2.5(6) points). At the end of the work, practical recommendations for the improvement of school leaders' policy are presented.

At the end of 2019, there were 246 schools in Lithuania without permanent school headmasters. It is a quarter of all general education schools in Lithuania. Until February 1, 2020, alone an additional 121 tenders were announced. This number may continue to grow as new competitions for the post of the outgoing school principal are published regularly. A well-prepared, professional and knowledgeable school headmaster has a significant positive impact on school outcomes for both teachers and students. Therefore, the concern about the lack of headmasters in Lithuanian schools is justified. Negative communicative attention and political pressure contribute to the desire to resolve such a situation as soon as possible. In order not to manage the situation temporarily, but for long-term positive changes in the chain of school headmasters, it is necessary to assess the consistency and success of recent changes in this area. The consistency of the state policy of headmasters will be assessed at two levels - administrative and ideological. The evaluation at the administrative level will be performed by analysing the changes in the legal acts regulating the state management policy. The assessment of ideological policy consistency will be based on the types of leadership highlighted by Ellen Daniëls, Annie Hondeghema and Filip Dochyb, which have been the most prominent in recent decades: instructional, situational, transformational and distributed. Policy success will be measured by the model developed by David Marsh and Allan McConnel, which encompasses three different dimensions of policy success: process, political, and programmatic. Research examining policy success has received increasing attention over the past decade. An empirical study of the work has shown that while national headmaster policy may be considered more consistent throughout individual governments, it is more inconsistent in general. The work also provided new empirical knowledge on the policy success of national headmaster policy. Although these assessments vary widely (from failure to success) across different dimensions of success in different governments, the overall evaluation of policy success varies slightly more towards success (2.5(6) points). At the end of the work, practical recommendations for the improvement of school leaders' policy are presented.

At the end of 2019, there were 246 schools in Lithuania without permanent school headmasters. It is a quarter of all general education schools in Lithuania. Until February 1, 2020, alone an additional 121 tenders were announced. This number may continue to grow as new competitions for the post of the outgoing school principal are published regularly. A well-prepared, professional and knowledgeable school headmaster has a significant positive impact on school outcomes for both teachers and students. Therefore, the concern about the lack of headmasters in Lithuanian schools is justified. Negative communicative attention and political pressure contribute to the desire to resolve such a situation as soon as possible. In order not to manage the situation temporarily, but for long-term positive changes in the chain of school headmasters, it is necessary to assess the consistency and success of recent changes in this area. The consistency of the state policy of headmasters will be assessed at two levels - administrative and ideological. The evaluation at the administrative level will be performed by analysing the changes in the legal acts regulating the state management policy. The assessment of ideological policy consistency will be based on the types of leadership highlighted by Ellen Daniëls, Annie Hondeghema and Filip Dochyb, which have been the most prominent in recent decades: instructional, situational, transformational and distributed. Policy success will be measured by the model developed by David Marsh and Allan McConnel, which encompasses three different dimensions of policy success: process, political, and programmatic. Research examining policy success has received increasing attention over the past decade. An empirical study of the work has shown that while national headmaster policy may be considered more consistent throughout individual governments, it is more inconsistent in general. The work also provided new empirical knowledge on the policy success of national headmaster policy. Although these assessments vary widely (from failure to success) across different dimensions of success in different governments, the overall evaluation of policy success varies slightly more towards success (2.5(6) points). At the end of the work, practical recommendations for the improvement of school leaders' policy are presented.

In all historical periods oceans and seas perform very important role in state political and economical development. The most advanced states and nations were situated by the sea. The major way to travel was by sea, also it was a way to change goods and ideas between people and to takeover the inventions of other nations. Lithuania is one of the last states, which began to develop sea transport. The major reason for this is complicated geopolitical situation of Lithuanian state. Our state is located in the most important European peace and war crossroad. After Lithuania regained the independence, the express development in Klaipėda state seaport was seen. The coverage of cargo was magnified and international relations were improved too. However, even today in the global trade and international competition context, Klaipėda state seaport is influenced by wide spectrum of forces, which determine the seaport and sea transport sectors fluent behaviour. The results of the research indicate that Klaipėda state seaport is one of the most important components of Lithuanian transport system. The development of sea transport sector takes one of the major roles in the programme of current Lithuanian government. Lithuanian maritime state future status and effective use of having the seaport by the Baltic sea depend on how effectively the basic issues of Klaipeda city, Klaipėda state seaport and sea transport development will be resolved.

In all historical periods oceans and seas perform very important role in state political and economical development. The most advanced states and nations were situated by the sea. The major way to travel was by sea, also it was a way to change goods and ideas between people and to takeover the inventions of other nations. Lithuania is one of the last states, which began to develop sea transport. The major reason for this is complicated geopolitical situation of Lithuanian state. Our state is located in the most important European peace and war crossroad. After Lithuania regained the independence, the express development in Klaipėda state seaport was seen. The coverage of cargo was magnified and international relations were improved too. However, even today in the global trade and international competition context, Klaipėda state seaport is influenced by wide spectrum of forces, which determine the seaport and sea transport sectors fluent behaviour. The results of the research indicate that Klaipėda state seaport is one of the most important components of Lithuanian transport system. The development of sea transport sector takes one of the major roles in the programme of current Lithuanian government. Lithuanian maritime state future status and effective use of having the seaport by the Baltic sea depend on how effectively the basic issues of Klaipeda city, Klaipėda state seaport and sea transport development will be resolved.

In all historical periods oceans and seas perform very important role in state political and economical development. The most advanced states and nations were situated by the sea. The major way to travel was by sea, also it was a way to change goods and ideas between people and to takeover the inventions of other nations. Lithuania is one of the last states, which began to develop sea transport. The major reason for this is complicated geopolitical situation of Lithuanian state. Our state is located in the most important European peace and war crossroad. After Lithuania regained the independence, the express development in Klaipėda state seaport was seen. The coverage of cargo was magnified and international relations were improved too. However, even today in the global trade and international competition context, Klaipėda state seaport is influenced by wide spectrum of forces, which determine the seaport and sea transport sectors fluent behaviour. The results of the research indicate that Klaipėda state seaport is one of the most important components of Lithuanian transport system. The development of sea transport sector takes one of the major roles in the programme of current Lithuanian government. Lithuanian maritime state future status and effective use of having the seaport by the Baltic sea depend on how effectively the basic issues of Klaipeda city, Klaipėda state seaport and sea transport development will be resolved.

In all historical periods oceans and seas perform very important role in state political and economical development. The most advanced states and nations were situated by the sea. The major way to travel was by sea, also it was a way to change goods and ideas between people and to takeover the inventions of other nations. Lithuania is one of the last states, which began to develop sea transport. The major reason for this is complicated geopolitical situation of Lithuanian state. Our state is located in the most important European peace and war crossroad. After Lithuania regained the independence, the express development in Klaipėda state seaport was seen. The coverage of cargo was magnified and international relations were improved too. However, even today in the global trade and international competition context, Klaipėda state seaport is influenced by wide spectrum of forces, which determine the seaport and sea transport sectors fluent behaviour. The results of the research indicate that Klaipėda state seaport is one of the most important components of Lithuanian transport system. The development of sea transport sector takes one of the major roles in the programme of current Lithuanian government. Lithuanian maritime state future status and effective use of having the seaport by the Baltic sea depend on how effectively the basic issues of Klaipeda city, Klaipėda state seaport and sea transport development will be resolved.

ES parama Lietuvos žemės ūkiui yra ypač svarbi dėl ekonominių rodiklių kilimo, sektoriaus plėtros, gerėjančių demografinių tendencijų ir kt. Nors mokslinėje literatūroje gausu straipsnių ir tyrimų, nagrinėjančių ES paramos reikšmę Lietuvos žemės ūkiui, tačiau iki šiol jos įtaka ŽŪB kaip atskirai verslo formai, bei pats paramos teikimo procesas tyrinėtas negausiai ir nenuosekliai. Atlikus tyrimą rezultatai atskleidė, kad paramos teikimo procesas yra neefektyvus dėl netinkamai sudarytos vertinimo sistemos, NMA darbuotojų kompetencijos trūkumo ir ŽŪB diskriminavimo. Manytina, kad ES BŽŪP įgyvendinimas Lietuvoje vertinamas labiau neigiamai nei teigiamai dėl netinkamai politiką formuojančių valstybės tarnautojų veiksmų, skaidrumo trūkumo vykdomuose projektuose, netinkamai suformuotų tikslų ir kt. Visgi, pagrindine šios politikos teikiama nauda laikytina ES parama. Ji Lietuvos žemės ūkiui ir ŽŪB yra ypač svarbi dėl ekonominių rodiklių kilimo, sektoriaus plėtros, gerėjančių demografinių tendencijų, modernėjimo, konkurencijos rinkoje užtikrinimo ir kt. Darbo problema – Kokią įtaką daro ES BŽŪP įgyvendinimas ir parama Lietuvos ŽŪB? Darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti paramos teikimą Lietuvos žemės ūkio bendrovėms, įgyvendinant Europos Sąjungos Bendrosios žemės ūkio politiką.Tikslui pasiekti išsikelti šie uždaviniai: Apibūdinti politikos įgyvendinimo teorijas Europos Sąjungos BŽŪP įgyvendinimo kontekste; Apžvelgti BŽŪP ir jos įtaką Lietuvos žemės ūkio bendrovėms; Aptarti Europos Sąjungos BŽŪP paramos teikimo procesą Lietuvos žemės ūkio bendrovėms; Išanalizuoti Lietuvos Respublikos žemės ūkio sektorių; Išanalizuoti Europos Sąjungos paramos įtaką Lietuvos žemės ūkio bendrovėms. Darbo metodai: mokslinės literatūros, ataskaitų, statistikos, teisės aktų analizės metodai. ; EU support for Lithuanian agriculture is especially important due to the rise of economic indicators, development of the sector, improving demographic trends, etc. Although scientific literature provides many articles and researches examining the significance of the EU support for Lithuanian agriculture, so far its impact on agricultural companies as a separate form of business, as well as the very process of support provision, has been studied sparingly and inconsistently. The problem of the thesis: What impact does the implementation of the EU CAP and support have on Lithuanian agricultural enterprises? The aim of the thesis is to analyse the provision of support to Lithuanian agricultural enterprises in the implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union. To achieve this goal, the following tasks have been set: 1. To describe the theories of policy implementation in the context of the implementation of the European Union CAP; 2. To review the CAP and its impact on Lithuanian agricultural enterprises; 3. To discuss the process of providing European Union CAP support to Lithuanian agricultural enterprises; 4. To analyse the agricultural sector of the Republic of Lithuania; 5. To analyse the impact of the European Union support on Lithuanian agricultural companies. The methods of the thesis: methods of analysis of scientific literature, reports, statistics, and legal acts. The results of the study has revealed that the process of support provision is ineffective due to improperly compiled system of evaluation, lack of competence of the employees of the National Paying Agency and discrimination of agricultural enterprises. It is believed that the implementation of the EU CAP in Lithuania is assessed more negatively than positively due to the actions of civil servants that form the policy incorrectly, lack of transparency in the implemented projects, improperly formulated objectives, etc. However, the main benefit of this policy is the support of the European Union. This is of particular importance for Lithuanian agriculture and agricultural enterprises due to the rise of economic indicators, development of the sector, improving demographic trends, modernisation, assurance of competition in the market, etc. ; Politikos mokslų ir diplomatijos fakultetas ; Viešojo administravimo katedra

This paper analyses new coming challenges in Lithuanian public procurement law implementing new Directives 2014/25/EU and 2014/24/EU. According to European Union (EU) rules, public sector procurement must follow transparent, open procedures that ensure fair conditions of competition for suppliers. Under the Directives, the new Law on Public Procurement of the Republic of Lithuania should stimulate innovation and economic development, supporting the achievement of other policy objectives at EU level – namely innovation, green growth and social inclusion. Data analysis focuses on the findings of qualitative research conducted in 2014 on the perceptions and experiences of actors in the field of public procurement with regard to EU draft and guidelines, the transposing of EU law into national law, and the promotion of initiatives to build public procurement policy and become more efficient.

This paper analyses new coming challenges in Lithuanian public procurement law implementing new Directives 2014/25/EU and 2014/24/EU. According to European Union (EU) rules, public sector procurement must follow transparent, open procedures that ensure fair conditions of competition for suppliers. Under the Directives, the new Law on Public Procurement of the Republic of Lithuania should stimulate innovation and economic development, supporting the achievement of other policy objectives at EU level – namely innovation, green growth and social inclusion. Data analysis focuses on the findings of qualitative research conducted in 2014 on the perceptions and experiences of actors in the field of public procurement with regard to EU draft and guidelines, the transposing of EU law into national law, and the promotion of initiatives to build public procurement policy and become more efficient.