Suchergebnisse

Inaugurating a new legislative discipline in public contracts, Law No. 14,133 of April 1, 2021 was enacted in good time, bringing important innovations compared to its predecessor. Among the novelties of the Law, stands out the prediction of the "competitive dialogue", a bidding modality through which the Public Administration and the bidders, after negotiations, jointly develop technical solutions capable of meeting the needs of the contractor that led to the opening of the bidding procedure. The present work is dedicated to this institute. Seeking to examine the origins of the new bidding modality and understand the path taken until itsinclusion in Brazilian legislation, the article begins by tracing an overview of administrative consensuality in contemporaneity and examining the theme in comparative law. Afterwards, the work moves on to its main objective, consisting in the specific study of the discipline conferred by the new Brazilian Bidding and Contract Law on the institute. At this moment, we investigate each respective phase of the new bidding modality and the peculiarities inherent to them. Finally, the article also examines the "competitive dialogue" compared to other existing participatory bidding modalities, highlighting the main differences that make it a truly innovative institute. ; Inaugurando uma nova disciplina legislativa em relação às contratações públicas, foi editada, já em boa hora, a Lei nº 14.133, de 1º de abril de 2021, que trouxe importantes inovações em relação à sua predecessora. Entre as novidades da lei, destaca-se a previsão do denominado "diálogo competitivo", modalidade de licitação por meio da qual a Administração Pública e os particulares licitantes, após negociações mútuas, desenvolvem, juntos, soluções técnicas capazes de atender às necessidades do contratante que levaram à abertura do procedimento licitatório. A ela dedicase o presente trabalho. Buscando examinar as origens do novo instituto e entender o caminho percorrido até a sua positivação no direito brasileiro, o ...

Growing investment in information technology applications creates a need to understand the proper integration of these tools into strategic decision making of the firm. This study discusses the impact of global information and communication technologies on competitiveness and performance of Brazilian trading companies. Using resource based theory as a starting point, we examine how information technology, as an internal resource, can provide competitive advantage and what impact information technology produces on competitiveness of Brazilian export intermediaries. The study implements a replicable model (CAPITA) developed by Sethi and King (1994), to investigate these relationships in the emerging market of Brazil. The empirical findings reveal that superior export performance depends on the ability of managers to interpret and utilize some CAPITA dimensions that have a strong relationship with the trading company's performance. The results corroborate previous research confirming that information technology application has a strong impact on performance. This research extends previous work on this topic within the North American hemisphere, to the South American hemisphere. The development of a strong network of export intermediaries in the emerging market of Brazil can be enhanced by a better understanding of the impact of technology applications, and corresponding government policies endorsing growth. ; Os crescentes investimentos nas aplicações de tecnologia da informação criam a necessidade de realizar uma integração correta dessas ferramentas no processo decisório estratégico de uma empresa. Este estudo discute o impacto das tecnologias da informação e comunicação global sobre a competitividade e desempenho de trading companies brasileiras. Utilizando como ponto de partida a teoria da visão baseada em recursos, examinamos como a tecnologia da informação, como um recurso interno, pode aumentar a vantagem competitiva e qual impacto a tecnologia da informação produz sobre a competitividade de intermediários ...

Nas últimas duas décadas, organismos internacionais multilaterais e governos de diversos países incentivaram reformas na educação superior que geraram, principalmente, a expansão das redes de instituições privadas, a redução dos financiamentos públicos, a cobrança de mensalidades e a competição no provimento de serviços educacionais. Como consequência, observou-se o fenômeno da mercantilização, no qual o desenvolvimento dos fins e dos meios da educação superior, tanto no âmbito estatal como no privado, sofre uma reorientação de acordo com os princípios e a lógica do mercado, e sob o qual a educação, gradativa e progressivamente, perde o status de bem público e assume a condição de serviço comercial. O presente artigo aborda a emergência da lógica e de mecanismos de mercado no contexto da educação superior, tomando por base importantes conceitos econômicos tais como mercado competitivo, livre mercado, intervenção estatal, quase-mercados e falhas de mercado. São descritas e analisadas as ocorrências de imperfeições de competição, ou seja, as falhas de mercado geralmente presentes nos contextos da educação superior: bens públicos, externalidades positivas, poder de monopólio e informações assimétricas. Por fim, conclui-se que a regulação dos Estados nacionais é imprescindível e que, por conseguinte, o estabelecimento de mercados perfeitamente competitivos no âmbito da educação superior é altamente improvável. ; In the last two decades multilateral international organisms and the governments of several countries have stimulated reforms in higher education that fostered, fundamentally, the expansion of private school systems, the reduction of public financing, the charging of school fees, and the competition in the provision of educational services. As a consequence, it has been observed a phenomenon of commercialization, in which the development of the ends and means of higher education, both in state and in the private realms, is redirected in accordance to the principles and logic of the market, and under which education gradually loses its status as a public good, and acquires the position of a commercial service. The present article focuses on the emergence of the market logic and mechanisms in the context on higher education, based on important economic concepts, such as those of competitive market, free market, state intervention, quasi-markets and market failure. The occurrences of competition imperfections are described and analyzed, namely, the market failures generally present in the context of higher education: public goods, positive externalities, powers of monopoly, and asymmetrical information. The text concludes that the regulation of national States is indispensable and that, consequently, the establishment of perfectly competitive markets within the sphere of higher education is very unlikely.

The purpose of this article is to identify the essential characteristics necessary to the proposal of a model of sustainable and competitive management for the crafts managed by the Brazilian municipality of Chapecó, Santa Catarina. It is aligned with the theoretical precepts of Administration which have been structured as dimensions of analysis: Management, Crafts, Sustainability and Competitiveness. The methodology used is based on a qualitative approach with the support of descriptive statistics, which has been applied to a survey of 156 accredited artisans, managers and employees of a city government organization that coordinates this craftwork. This study analyzes artisans to explore their profiles and the organization's characteristics to address aspects of the way in which artisans perform their crafts and evaluates the way that they are managed from the point of view of the artisans. The results make it possible to construct the proposed management model using the following dimensions: values, relationships, processes, actions and results. Our survey of sustainable and competitive elements includes management, its implementation and the monitoring process. Thus, we conclude that utilizing this model with support from the science of Administration can contribute to professionalizing craft management to raise its competitiveness and address aspects of sustainability. ; El propósito de este artículo es identificar las características esenciales y necesarias para proponer un modelo de gestión sostenible y competitivo para la artesanía, gestionado por una entidad pública de un municipio del estado de Santa Catarina. Tal proposición se alinea con los preceptos teóricos de la Administración que han sido estructurados en las dimensiones de análisis: gestión, artesanía, sostenibilidad y competitividad. La metodología se basa en el enfoque cualitativo, con el apoyo de la estadística descriptiva, y la aplicación de una encuesta a 156 artesanos acreditados, gestores y colaboradores de una entidad pública de un municipio de Santa Catarina que coordinan los trabajos de artesanía. Se realizó el análisis de la caracterización de los artesanos al explorar la información de su perfil; de las características de la organización al abordar aspectos de su forma de trabajar con la actividad artesanal, y la evaluación de su forma de gestión de acuerdo con la percepción de los artesanos. Los resultados hicieron posible la construcción de una propuesta de modelo de gestión que considera las dimensiones: valores, relaciones, procesos, acciones y resultados. Se efectuó el relevamiento de los elementos sostenibles y competitivos insertados en la gestión, su proceso de implementación y seguimiento. Por lo tanto, se concluye que la admisión del modelo, basado en la ciencia de la Administración, puede contribuir a la profesionalización de la gestión de la artesanía al elevar su competitividad y abarcar aspectos de sostenibilidad. ; O objetivo deste artigo é identificar as características essenciais e necessárias à proposição de um modelo de gestão sustentável e competitivo para o artesanato gerenciado por uma entidade pública de um município de Santa Catarina. Tal proposição alinha-se com os preceitos teóricos da Administração que foram estruturados nas dimensões de análise: gestão, artesanato, sustentabilidade e competitividade. A metodologia está baseada na abordagem qualitativa com apoio de estatística descritiva, com aplicação de uma pesquisa com 156 artesãos credenciados e gestores e colaboradores de uma entidade pública de um município de Santa Catarina que coordenam os trabalhos do artesanato. Foi feita análise da caracterização dos artesãos ao explorar as informações sobre o seu perfil, das características da organização ao abordar aspectos da sua forma de atuação com a atividade artesanal e avaliação de sua forma de gestão conforme a percepção dos artesãos. Os resultados possibilitaram construir a proposta de um modelo de gestão que contempla as dimensões: valores, relações, processos, ações e resultados. Efetuou-se o levantamento dos elementos sustentáveis e competitivos inseridos na gestão, seu processo de implementação e acompanhamento. Concluiu-se que a admissão do modelo com suporte na ciência da Administração pode contribuir para profissionalizar a gestão do artesanato ao elevar sua competitividade e abranger aspectos de sustentabilidade.

This paper deals with the reasons why the United States have been seeking for the strengthening of the intellectual property rights (IPRs) at recent bilateral and multilateral negotiations, specially during the GATT's Uruguay Round. The hypothesis of this paper suggests that the IPRs' strengthening is part of an attempt made by the United States to revert the present process of weakening of their competitive advantages in the International trade. This hypothesis is investigated through three aspects: (a) the relationship between technological paradigms and the appropriability of innovations; (b) the role of transnational corporations; (c) the challenges to the United States' competitive position. ; This paper deals with the reasons why the United States have been seeking for the strengthening of the intellectual property rights (IPRs) at recent bilateral and multilateral negotiations, specially during the GATT's Uruguay Round. The hypothesis of this paper suggests that the IPRs' strengthening is part of an attempt made by the United States to revert the present process of weakening of their competitive advantages in the International trade. This hypothesis is investigated through three aspects: (a) the relationship between technological paradigms and the appropriability of innovations; (b) the role of transnational corporations; (c) the challenges to the United States' competitive position.

The text examines the organization of the competitive model in the area of telecomunication services in Brazil, the privatization process in the Telebrás System and the crucial state mediations in the negociations for the insertion of the private sector in the area. It starts f rom the viewpoint that decisions about the public policy of opening the sector were influenced, basically, by the interets of the actors involved, by their coalitions and alliances, by the modifications and recompositions engendered around the policy and by the crucial state mediations. The text intends to aprehend the actors' dinamics in the moment of their concrete actions by means of proposals, strategies, alliances and coalitions, alternatives and counter iniciatives from the system of public, private and political actors, foreign agents, trade unions and others. The text treats the following topics: organization of the competitive model, the movement of the system of actors to consolidate their interets, the result of the privatization process and the new owners of telecomunications in Brazil. ; The text examines the organization of the competitive model in the area of telecomunication services in Brazil, the privatization process in the Telebrás System and the crucial state mediations in the negociations for the insertion of the private sector in the area. It starts f rom the viewpoint that decisions about the public policy of opening the sector were influenced, basically, by the interets of the actors involved, by their coalitions and alliances, by the modifications and recompositions engendered around the policy and by the crucial state mediations. The text intends to aprehend the actors' dinamics in the moment of their concrete actions by means of proposals, strategies, alliances and coalitions, alternatives and counter iniciatives from the system of public, private and political actors, foreign agents, trade unions and others. The text treats the following topics: organization of the competitive model, the movement of the system of actors to consolidate their interets, the result of the privatization process and the new owners of telecomunications in Brazil.

This article emphasises the contradictory impact of biotechnologies on the economic system, both as between industrialised and Thirld World countries, and within each of these blocs. Biotechnologies offer Brazil the possibility for a more rational and competitive use of its natural resources, and at the same time an increased participation in key industrial sectors currently heavily internationalised. The key to success, however, depends on the ability to transform research into industrial strategy

Considering the extraordinary economic growth experienced by China in recent years, especially after its entry into the World Trade Organization, this essay on the Sino-Brazilian relationship will, while analyzing the historical process in its different dimensions, attempt to determine, on one hand, whether current relations may still be understood from the perspective of South-South cooperation, and, on the other, whether the Chinese economic boom may be defining a new, much more competitive than cooperative relationship. Adapted from the source document.

This paper examines the effects of the segmentation of the labour and goods markets over the dispersion of relative prices and wages in the Brazilian economy. The theoretical argument is based on the behaviour of firms in the oligopolist and competitive sectors of the economy, on one hand, and the behaviour of organized and non-organized labour, on the other. It is concluded that there has been a redistribution of income in favour of profits and wages of those agents operating in the oligopolist sectors, in detriment of other segments in the economy

The authors aim at obtaining a simple econometric model that allows to build a confidence interval for the dispersion of the bids made by financial institutions at the Central Bank weekly auctions of short term securities in Brazil. Under competitive conditions it is assumed that the bids' dispersion is associated with the volatility of futures prices and the daily interest rates that had prevailed during the days prior to the auction. Based on that assumption the model succeeds in separating the two auctions with extremely high volatility. (Rev Econ Pol/DÜI)

Cesar Barreto was the photographer hired by the City Hall of Rio to document the revitalization process of the port area for the 2016 Olympic Games. His photos were published in the institutional website 'Cidade Olímpica', which contained information about the works and projects in progress. This paper discusses the role of photographs produced by Barreto for the city's urban memory, as well as the main ideas behind the Porto Maravilha project in the context of the global cities. The urban reforms implemented in Rio were based on a neoliberal urban policy, valuing the city brand to make it competitive in the international market.

The national elections of 2004 exposed growing structural problems with America's democracy. The good news of higher turnout & the lack of a constitutional crisis resembling the Florida debacle of 2000 could not hide the continuing difficulties with registration, inconsistent election laws, inequality in access to the voting booth, comparatively low turnout, non-competitive legislative elections, district gerrymandering, & partisan oversight of elections. While many of these aspects of the American electoral system are of long standing, almost all of them have been exacerbated in recent decades. What are the prospects for reforming American democracy in the 21st century? Adapted from the source document.

This paper analyzes the recent behavior of the Brazilian direct investment abroad, as captured by an annual census conducted by the Central Bank of Brazil since 2001, by putting it in a broader perspective that includes international official data sources and early sample studies. Though the Central Bank has not been making available more disaggregated data than those analyzed here, it is intended to contribute to a better grasping of the perspectives of competitive internationalization of local firms, which is desirable not only as far as the external accounts are concerned, but also from the viewpoint of the technological capabilities of the local firms. (Rev Econ Polit/GIGA)

The author begins by asking why Brazilian policymakers opted to target the exchange rate to stabilize inflation when this strategy had already failed in Mexico. The answer: It was no longer possible to accomodate the country's high inflation rate through the pervasive use of price indexation and a competitive exchange rate policy. The anchoring of the exchange rate within the Real Plan was the quickest route toward price stability. Brazil's recovery under a flexible currency regime suggests that the macroeconomic fundamentals are back on track. The challenge now lies in the crafting of a viable coalition that can cut through the mumerous parochial interests that converged to provoke the 1999 devaluation. (Rev Econ Pol/DÜI)

From populism to exchange rate bands: the evolution of exchange rate policy in Chile from 1970 to 1999. We discuss in this paper the evolution of exchange rate policy in Chile since the seventies, with special attention to overvaluation and undervaluation cycles. Following a recent literature that argues in favor of competitive currencies as part of a development strategy, we argue that the Chilean exchange rate policy in the years that go from 1984 until 1999 were very important to its growth results. Chile even managed to go through the nineties without a major external crisis, especially when compared to its Latin American neighbors. We argue here that the exchange rate crawling band adopted in the middle eighties and nineties was important for its growth strategy. (Rev Econ Polit/GIGA)