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ABSTRACT Environmentally-based management is a topic that is being widely discussed in various publications. This study uses the mixed method with questionnaire; it is distributed to 110 respondents, also interviewing 3 informants from the management of BUMDES. The result of this study shows that environmental management and green innovation can have a positive and significant effect on the competitive advantage and performance of the company. It is hoped that the result of this study can help the government and BUMDES managers to further develop environmental management and green Innovation.RESUMEN La gestión basada en el medio ambiente es un tema que se está discutiendo ampliamente en varias publicaciones. Este estudio utiliza el método mixto con cuestionario; el mismo se distribuye a 110 encuestados, entrevistándose además a 3 informantes de la gerencia de BUMDES. El resultado de este estudio muestra que la gestión ambiental y la innovación ecológica pueden tener un efecto positivo y significativo en la ventaja competitiva y el desempeño de la empresa. Se espera que el resultado de este estudio pueda ayudar al gobierno y a los gerentes de BUMDES a desarrollar aún más la gestión ambiental y la innovación ecológica.

Taking a European Union focus, this paper explicitly models competing uses of biomass to quantify its contribution toward a sustainable low carbon model of economic growth. To this end, a state-of-the-art multisector multiregion modelling tool is combined with a specially developed bio-based variant of a well-known global database. Employing a decomposition method of the market drivers and classifying alternative future pathways, the aim is to understand how public policies can influence the apparent trade-off between the goals of lower carbon economic growth, environmental preservation and sustainable biomass usage. Results reveal that in targeting specific societal goals public policy can be effective, although this can lead to broader economic issues of resource inefficiency and even direct policy conflicts. ; Published

[ESP] En el presente trabajo, se describe la funcionalidad práctica de un modelo de clúster electrónico, útil para el fomento a la competitividad de las mipymes en la región Laja-Bajío del Estado de Guanajuato- México, a partir de prácticas básicas de "Inteligencia Competitiva (IC)" para la creación natural de redes productivas virtuales que favorezcan la transferencia de información y conocimientos, búsqueda de proveedores, tecnologías y unidades de desarrollo empresarial, entre otros. Asimismo, dentro de este modelo de sinergias, se propone la participación interactiva entre las tres hélices del desarrollo económico (Universidad, Empresa y Gobierno) dentro de un clúster electrónico apoyado por la herramienta de Inteligencia Competitiva, esto, para cumplir con el objetivo de integrar, interrelacionar y proveer información estratégica a la empresa, a partir del trabajo conjunto entre el gobierno, organismos empresariales y la universidad para enfocar los esfuerzos a la maximización de recursos y reducción costos e incertidumbre mediante la adecuada toma de decisiones, y con ello, combatir los efectos negativos que genera la competencia internacional, encaminando a las organizaciones a ganar ventajas competitivas en un entorno altamente competitivo. [ENG] In the present study, we describe the practical functionality of an electronic cluster model, that is useful for promoting the competitiveness of the MSMEs in the region Laja-Bajio Guanajuato State, Mexico. The MSME competitiveness will be increased trough basic practices of "Competitive Intelligence (IC) "for the natural creation of virtual productive networks that support the transfer of information and knowledge, the finding of suppliers, technologies and business development units, among others. Also, within this model of synergy, the interactive participation among the three propellers of economic development (university, business and government) is proposed. This interactive participation is made in an electronic cluster supported by Competitive Intelligence Tool, in order to meet the goal of integrating , interrelate and provide strategic information to the company, effective partnership between government, business organizations and academia. All these relations are designed to focus efforts on maximizing resources and reducing costs and uncertainty by making appropriate decisions, and thus combat the negative effects generated by international competition, leading organizations to gain competitive advantage in a highly competitive environment.

This paper focuses on the combination of four ideas frequently expressed by numerous citizens. First, that citizens political behavior is mainly self-interested. Second, that the delegation of the political decision-making in hands of professional politicians is desirable. Third, that the proper way to choose political leaders is the celebration of regular & competitive election. And fourth, that the normative criterion to evaluate the legitimacy of the political process should be the satisfaction of citizens preferences. These criteria are analyzed from both their definition & justification. Finally, the difficulties to meet the fourth criterion in conditions of economic, informative & participative inequalities are exposed. Adapted from the source document.

Review of Michael Kenney's book, From Pablo to Osama. Trafficking and Terrorist Networks, Government Bureaucracies, and Competitive Adaptation, The Pennsylvania State University Press, United States, 2007 ; Reseña del libro de Michael Kenney,From Pablo to Osama. Trafficking and Terrorist Networks, Government Bureaucracies, and Competitive Adaptation, The Pennsylvania State University Press, United States, 2007

The investigation aimed to analyze the influence of physic-technological change as a factor of competitiveness in the textile and footwear industry in San José de Cúcuta, Colombia. The methodology follows a mixed approach supported by factorial, phenomenological and documentary analysis designs, using instruments such as interviews and surveys, scientific production databases and governmental and trade union reports of the sector. The physic-technological change was conceived by businessmen as a productive process, innovative, of social change, and transformation with associated factors of strategic management, culture of market planning, problem that solves, reach, control of success, materials such as systems based on silicone, polymers, panels and closed air pressure grilles, as well as improvements in sole material and use of recyclable material according to environmental policies, reduction of time of product development, marketing of the invention, resources, management of risk, productivity and competitiveness, depend on type of changes implemented or designed in companies of low, medium or high level and are associated with factor of competitiveness. It is concluded that technological change as a competitiveness factor allows maintaining or increasing market share and endogenous changes in productive and technological systems in the market.

El propósito de esta presentación es exhibir algunas reflexiones teórico-prácticas en torno a las Herramientas y Estrategias Competitivas en las instituciones educativas Cartageneras, tales como la "Corporación Universitaria Rafael Núñez", ubicada en la ciudad antigua de Cartagena, "Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano", situada en el anillo vial, "Universidad de San Buenaventura", hallada en el barrio ternera y "Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar" anidada en el sector de ternera, en el contexto de la universidad. A partir de una perspectiva de la didáctica de las asignaturas Tendencias Administrativas Modernas, Mercados II, Legislación Comercial II, Ideas de Negocios, Desarrollo Organizacional, Comportamiento Humano en las Organizaciones y Administración Financiera, todas ellas, se conciben como proceso académico de VI Semestre de Administración de la Corporación Universitaria Rafael Núñez y la revisión entre asesores académicos a través de sustentación de sus logros durante el semestre, como una significativa herramienta de trabajo en la producción de investigaciones académicas, con miras sociales, donde los estudiantes logran identificar los enfoques administrativos que utilizan las instituciones a través del conocimiento recibido. ; The purpose of this presentation is to exhibit some theoretical and practical considerations about Competitive Tools and Strategies in Educational Institutions in Cartagena, specifically in the University context, like "Corporación Universitaria Rafael Núñez" (Rafael Núñez Universitary Corporation), located in Cartagena's downtown, "Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano" (Jorge Tadeo Lozano University), placed in the ring road of the city, "Universidad de San Buenaventura" (San Buenaventura University), located in Ternera neighborhood, and "Universidad Tecnológica de Bolivar" (Technologic University of Bolivar), placed outside Ternera neighborhood. Using a didactic perspective of subjects like Modern Administrative Trends, Markets II, Commercial Legislation II, Business Ideas, Organizational Development, Human Behavior in Organizations and Financial Administration, they can be conceived as an academic process for VI Semester of Corporación Universitaria Rafael Núñez Administration Program, and with a revision from academic assessors through achievements' sustentation during the semester, they established an important work tool that can be used in academic researching, with social approaches, where the students can identify the administrative approaches used by institutions through the received knowledge.

This article aims to pose the functioning of electoral democracy in Colombia, based on John Schumpeter's Competitive Theory. From the national historic events, it is intended to understand what the impact is and what the election process means in this society. Since the intention is to understand how democracy has developed in Colombia, it is necessary to define at first the key concepts to understand what democracy is, specifically the electoral and competitive one. Then, to analyze the electoral behavior in Colombia, through quantitative and qualitative data on the latest elections, regarding issues, such as legitimacy, value, and absenteeism. These variables will allow us to identify the main weaknesses for democracy in the country. With the intention of applying the theoretical scope, a brief analysis about the political behavior in Bogotá will be made, as being the capital city of the country and as the center of the national political movement, this will allow to achieve a valuable understanding on the democracy in Colombia. ; El presente artículo pretende exponer el funcionamiento de la democracia electoral en Colombia, desde la teoría competitiva de John Schumpeter. A partir del acontecer histórico nacional se pretende comprender cuál es el impacto y qué significa el proceso de elecciones en esta sociedad. Como la intención es comprender cómo se ha desarrollado la democracia en Colombia, es necesario definir en un primer momento los conceptos claves para entender qué es democracia, específicamente la electoral y competitiva. A continuación, analizar el comportamiento electoral en Colombia, a través de datos cuantitativos y cualitativos sobre las últimas elecciones, respecto a temas como legitimidad, valor y abstencionismo; variables que permitirán identificar cuáles son las principales debilidades para la democracia en el país. Con la intención de aplicar el alcance teórico, se hará un breve análisis acerca del comportamiento político en Bogotá, como capital del país y como centro del movimiento político nacional, esto permitirá alcanzar una comprensión valiosa sobre la democracia en Colombia.

En América Latina la injerencia de los organismos internacionales en la política nacional constituye un fenómeno que no se puede soslayar. Se trata de una cuestión candente en el contexto actual y remite a la presencia creciente en los países de la región de una serie de papers, documentos, boletines que, generados en el seno de dichas entidades, señalan desafíos presentes y futuros que deberá atender América Latina. En el campo educativo, marcan las orientaciones de política para la región y representan discursos sobre la educación que es menester analizar críticamente. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar una serie de ideas, recomendaciones y retóricas político-pedagógicas de los Organismos Internacionales respecto de la denominada calidad de la educación en América Latina con la intención de poner de manifiesto su productividad discursiva en tanto su incidencia está ligada a significantes que operan ordenando las disputas político-discursivas del campo educativo ; In Latin America the interference of the international organisms in national politics is a phenomenon can not be ignored. This is a hot issue in the current context and refers to the growing presence countries in the region of a series of papers, documents, newsletters generated within those entities; identify challenges and future that should address Latin America. In education, mark the policy guidelines for the region and represent discourses on education that is necessary to analyze critically. The aim of this paper is to analyze a series of ideas, recommendations and political educational rhetoric of international organizations for educational quality in Latin America with the intention of highlighting their discursive productivity while its incidence is linked to significant operating ordering political disputes discursive field of education ; Fil: Causa, Matías. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales (UNLP-CONICET); Argentina.

En América Latina la injerencia de los organismos internacionales en la política nacional constituye un fenómeno que no se puede soslayar. Se trata de una cuestión candente en el contexto actual y remite a la presencia creciente en los países de la región de una serie de papers, documentos, boletines que, generados en el seno de dichas entidades, señalan desafíos presentes y futuros que deberá atender América Latina. En el campo educativo, marcan las orientaciones de política para la región y representan discursos sobre la educación que es menester analizar críticamente. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar una serie de ideas, recomendaciones y retóricas político-pedagógicas de los Organismos Internacionales respecto de la denominada calidad de la educación en América Latina con la intención de poner de manifiesto su productividad discursiva en tanto su incidencia está ligada a significantes que operan ordenando las disputas político-discursivas del campo educativo ; In Latin America the interference of the international organisms in national politics is a phenomenon can not be ignored. This is a hot issue in the current context and refers to the growing presence countries in the region of a series of papers, documents, newsletters generated within those entities; identify challenges and future that should address Latin America. In education, mark the policy guidelines for the region and represent discourses on education that is necessary to analyze critically. The aim of this paper is to analyze a series of ideas, recommendations and political educational rhetoric of international organizations for educational quality in Latin America with the intention of highlighting their discursive productivity while its incidence is linked to significant operating ordering political disputes discursive field of education ; Fil: Causa, Matías. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales (UNLP-CONICET); Argentina.

En América Latina la injerencia de los organismos internacionales en la política nacional constituye un fenómeno que no se puede soslayar. Se trata de una cuestión candente en el contexto actual y remite a la presencia creciente en los países de la región de una serie de papers, documentos, boletines que, generados en el seno de dichas entidades, señalan desafíos presentes y futuros que deberá atender América Latina. En el campo educativo, marcan las orientaciones de política para la región y representan discursos sobre la educación que es menester analizar críticamente. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar una serie de ideas, recomendaciones y retóricas político-pedagógicas de los Organismos Internacionales respecto de la denominada calidad de la educación en América Latina con la intención de poner de manifiesto su productividad discursiva en tanto su incidencia está ligada a significantes que operan ordenando las disputas político-discursivas del campo educativo ; In Latin America the interference of the international organisms in national politics is a phenomenon can not be ignored. This is a hot issue in the current context and refers to the growing presence countries in the region of a series of papers, documents, newsletters generated within those entities; identify challenges and future that should address Latin America. In education, mark the policy guidelines for the region and represent discourses on education that is necessary to analyze critically. The aim of this paper is to analyze a series of ideas, recommendations and political educational rhetoric of international organizations for educational quality in Latin America with the intention of highlighting their discursive productivity while its incidence is linked to significant operating ordering political disputes discursive field of education ; Fil: Causa, Matías. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales (UNLP-CONICET); Argentina.

The 1936 "masters meeting" sponsored by the Ryukyu Newspaper Company—a gathering of karate masters, journalists, and government leaders—gives us some indication of the political realities at play in Japan in the early decades of the 20th century and how they may have affected Okinawan karate. Tradition often seems as though it is a safeguard against change. However, the reality is that a resurgence of nationalism fed an anti-Chinese bias and an effort to assimilate Okinawan culture; both affected karate. With economic hardships in Okinawa and a desire to popularize karate, traditions did change. Some teachers sought ways to preserve traditional Okinawan martial arts within this changing political landscape. But at what cost? ; Podemos practicar el empuje de manos del taijiquan de una manera competitiva y, quizás pensando que estamos practicando su aspecto marcial, hacer todo lo posible para evitar perder el equilibrio mientras intentamos desequilibrar a nuestro oponente. La fuerza y la velocidad son normalmente los componentes principales de este tipo de empuje. Por otra parte, podemos empujar con tan solo un mínimo de fuerza, cambiando la dirección si encontramos resistencia y cediendo instantáneamente al ataque o contraataque de un oponente. Ésta última alternativa da la oportunidad de desarrollar la sensibilidad y el grado de reacción y puede, si se practica pacientemente durante muchos años, producir cambios beneficiosos en nosotros que al principio no podríamos siquiera imaginar. Este artículo se ocupa de un modo y actitud con el que podemos practicar teniendo estos objetivos en mente. ; Não há resumo disponível em Português

RESUMEN. La literatura sobre Inteligencia competitiva, como proceso avanzado de gestión de información orientado a apoyar la toma de decisiones estratégicas, se ha centrado hasta el momento en temas relacionados con la definición del concepto y en analizar mediante estudios de casos su aplicación y los resultados obtenidos en grandes empresas y gobiernos. Reconociendo la literatura que la evolución de este tema requiere avanzar en el estudio ampliándolo a otros tipos de organizaciones y profundizar en los efectos que produce la Inteligencia Competitiva. En este sentido, el presente trabajo tiene por objeto analizar en una muestra de pymes los efectos que la utilización de las IC tiene en distintas variables financieras y no financieras. ; ABSTRACT. The literature about Competitive Intelligence (CI), as an advanced process of information management orientated towards supporting strategic decision making, has focused on topics related to the definition of the concept and on analyzing its application and the results obtained by large firms and governments through case studies. The literature recognizes that fact that the evolution of this topic creates a need to delve deeper in its study while applying it to other types of organizations and studying the effects that Competitive Intelligence produces in greater depth. Therefore, this study's objective is to analyze the effects that the use of CI has on different financial and not financial variables within a sample of SMEs.

Corruption, financial disequilibrium, unemployment, inflation, among other factors, have been the cause of the general crisis in today's society, they have produced a time lag for the economic, educational and social development of Latin American countries. Colombia is not the exception to this set of problems, on the contrary, it is a country that today has been hit by economic and financial difficulties, corruptive acts at a national governmental level, drug trafficking, and a series of conflicts that have brought instability to the productive system of the country, therefore affecting growth in as much as competitiveness, innovation and technology. Facing these problems from the national government point of view, it is necessary to shape some educative policies at a higher educational level. The Higher Educational Institutions, including technical and technological must make reforms to their institutional structures, adapting them to market demands. That is why, inside general parameters, the education of teachers must be included as a main cross sectional axis for student's learning. ; Corruption, financial disequilibrium, unemployment, inflation, among other factors, have been the cause of the general crisis in today's society, they have produced a time lag for the economic, educational and social development of Latin American countries. Colombia is not the exception to this set of problems, on the contrary, it is a country that today has been hit by economic and financial difficulties, corruptive acts at a national governmental level, drug trafficking, and a series of conflicts that have brought instability to the productive system of the country, therefore affecting growth in as much as competitiveness, innovation and technology. Facing these problems from the national government point of view, it is necessary to shape some educative policies at a higher educational level. The Higher Educational Institutions, including technical and technological must make reforms to their institutional structures, adapting them to market demands. That is why, inside general parameters, the education of teachers must be included as a main cross sectional axis for student's learning.