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Persistence is an important characteristic of many complex systems in nature, related to how long the system remains at a certain state before changing to a different one. The study of complex systems' persistence involves different definitions and uses different techniques, depending on whether short-term or long-term persistence is considered. In this paper we discuss the most important definitions, concepts, methods, literature and latest results on persistence in complex systems. Firstly, the most used definitions of persistence in short-term and long-term cases are presented. The most relevant methods to characterize persistence are then discussed in both cases. A complete literature review is also carried out. We also present and discuss some relevant results on persistence, and give empirical evidence of performance in different detailed case studies, for both short-term and long-term persistence. A perspective on the future of persistence concludes the work. ; This research has been partially supported by the project PID2020-115454GB-C21 of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN). This research has also been partially supported by Comunidad de Madrid, PROMINT-CM project (grant ref: P2018/EMT-4366). J. Del Ser would like to thank the Basque Government for its funding support through the EMAITEK and ELKARTEK programs (3KIA project, KK-2020/00049), as well as the consolidated research group MATHMODE (ref. T1294-19). GCV work is supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the ERC-CoG-2014 SEDAL Consolidator grant (grant agreement 647423).

1. David Pines and Me -- 2. To err is human: the complex nature of human reproduction and prenatal development -- 3. Short notes on theories of species diversity -- 4. Museum Workshop, evolution of human intelligence and education -- 5. Anomalous behavior of random walks on disordered media -- 6. Pollution, Human Capital, and Growth Cycles -- 7. Productive Consumption in a Two-Sector Model of Economic Development -- 8. Time and Mnemonic Morphism -- 9. Universality and the Role of Limitations Influencing Interdisciplinary Scientific and Cultural Advances -- 10. Some Conceptual Principles with Mathematical Background for Interdisciplinary Developments in the Sciences and Beyond -- 11. The Role of Paradox in the Development of Interdisciplinary Scientific and Cultural Advances -- 12. Elucidation of Chaotic Market Hypothesis Based on Ergodic Theory -- 13 -- Itinerant-Electron Magnetism and Spin Fluctuations− Aspects of Theories and Experiments -- 14. Quantum-size effect probed by NMR measurements -- 15. Recent Topics on Organic Spin Liquid Candidates -- 16. Impact of Reactive Oxygen Species and G-quadruplexes in Telomeres and Mitochondria -- 17.Evolution, Motor of the Changing Biosphere -- 18. New horizons in brain science -- 19. Evolutionary perspective on Suffering : Murase's "Self-Nonself circulation theory of life" applied to PRISM (Pictorial Representation of Illness and Self Measure) -- 20. Machine Learning for Metabolic Identification -- 21. Ignorance, Creation, Destruction -- 22. A Unified Theory and Practice of Creative Complex Systems: Challenging to the Systemic Problems Spanning the Inside and Outside World. .

This manuscript is composed of 18 contributions studying interactions in complex systems. These contributions were presented at the international conference on Interactions in Complex Systems, organized at University of Orléans in June 2013. This multidisciplinary manuscript aims at presenting how different disciplines may see their research topic from the complex system perspective and how interactions are accounted for in these complex systems. In this manuscript, we find contributions in mathematics, physics, computer sciences, robotics, life sciences, economics, linguistic, humanities or science of educationThe book is split into 4 parts, each one approaching interactions in complex systems from a particular perspective. We have gathered contributions by approach rather than by studied topic, the latter way being, to our viewpoint, less relevant to this type of book. The first part of the book contains papers dealing with interactions at the system level. The included contributions address territory planning, the traveling of population in the Neolithic era or interactions in neuron populations.The second part collects articles studying \textbf{networks} and proposing different methods for their analysis. This part contains contributions on link prediction, on interaction analysis in communities learning, on the influence of the type of strategies updates (parallel or sequential) on the evolution of cooperation among humans, opinion dynamics or the social function of gossip. Articles included in the third part focus on the analysis of interactions in social communications. As such, this part gathers papers studying teacher-student relations, the modeling of the teacher's evaluative speech to study students' interactions and the effects on learning or the modeling of human communications. Finally, the last part of this book is devoted to the analysis of interactions between economic agents in different fields. Thereby, a contribution develops a methodology to forecast employability of students in Earth ...

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Entrepreneurship, Human Capital, and Management in an Age of Complexity -- Financial Transparency as a Factor of a Company's Attractiveness in the Era of Change -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Method -- 3 Results -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Computational Algorithms for Conducting a Factor Analysis of the Company' Liquidity Conditions -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Method -- 3 Research Results -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Planning Methods and Liquidity Management in a Commercial Organization -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Method -- 3 Research Results -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- Reference -- Financing an Organization's Working Capital During Different Lifecycle Stages -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Results and Discussion -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- The Fuzzy-Multiple Technique for Conducting an Aggregated Assessment of the Financial Stability in an Enterprise Employing a Spectrum-Point Model -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 2.1 L. V. Dontsova and N.A. Nikiforova Method -- 2.2 G. V. Savitskaya Method -- 2.3 A. N. Salov and V. G. Maslov Method -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Discussion -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Applying the Optimal Control Methodology to the Mathematical Model of Sales Volume Distribution in a Company -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Statement of Objectives of Optimal Control and Optimality System -- 3.2 Numerical Study of Optimality Systems -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- The ARIZ-71 Algorithm for Finding Strategic Ideas in the Field of Entrepreneurship -- References -- Financial Strategy Indicators and Financial Policy Tactics in a Corporation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Materials and Methods -- 3 Results -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- References.

Purpose
This paper attempts to apply complex theory in futures studies and addresses prediction challenges when the system is complex. The purpose of the research is to design a framework to engineer the futures in complex systems where components are divers and inter-related. Relations cannot be interpreted by cause and effect concept.


Design/methodology/approach
First, the authors shaped a conceptual framework based on engineering, complex theory and uncertainty. To extract tacit knowledge of experts, an online questionnaire was developed. To validate the proposed framework, a workshop method was adapted with NetLogo simulation.


Findings
Opinion of participants in the workshop which is collected through quantitative questionnaire shows that the framework helps us in understanding and shaping scenarios. Harnessing the complexity in developing the futures was the main objective of this paper with the proposed framework which has been realized based on the experience gained from the workshop.


Originality/value
Iterative processes are very important to harness the complexity in systems with uncertainty. The novelty of the research is a combination of engineering achievements in terms of computation, simulation and applying tools with futures studies methods.

Presentation at the symposium Disobedience and Complex Systems: Art, Design and Media and the Political, exploring the value and the limitations of Hannah Arendt's work for understanding the relationship between contemporary art, design and media practices and the political. Abstract The political philosophy of Hannah Arendt is marked by the persistent re-evaluation of the quality of the underlying question. Secondeditions will be presenting antithetical posters that offer the opportunity to consider dialectic contradictions and the subjective impulse to obtain determinacy through conscientious value judgements and their repeated review. The texts and questions focus on the possibility of free will, the Aristotelian concept of proairesis, referenced by Arendt as the "choice in the sense of preference between alternatives – one rather than the other". Under the conditions of networked aesthetic praxis, the emergence of a collective consciousness may become tangible. The oscillating copy encourages a second reading, a reconsidering of primary interpretations, trusted assumptions and affirmation bias; and, expectantly, should lead to a comparing of notes. We would hope to sustain a critique of 'the pleasure in pure function' and the resulting dissonant cognition that is imposed upon the political process, the intelligibility of power and governance, the administrative structures and institutions that show an innate reluctance or inability to refer to a reflexive, symmetrical value base, with the invariably catastrophic and dehumanising effect exerted on the social form. Our interest in presenting a dialectic escalation originates in the intuitive distrust of the contemporary predilection, not least in recent 'social practice', for indeterminacy, interpassivity and aesthetic/political conformism. The impending, far-reaching transformations projected for this "Age of Impotence" would appear to beg the question of scope and modus for a collective proairesis, for effective dissidence, resistance, acts of civil disobedience and of solidarity.

FuturICT foundations are social science, complex systems science, and ICT. The main concerns and challenges in the science of complex systems in the context of FuturICT are laid out in this paper with special emphasis on the Complex Systems route to Social Sciences. This include complex systems having: many heterogeneous interacting parts; multiple scales; complicated transition laws; unexpected or unpredicted emergence; sensitive dependence on initial conditions; path-dependent dynamics; networked hierarchical connectivities; interaction of autonomous agents; self-organisation; non-equilibrium dynamics; combinatorial explosion; adaptivity to changing environments; co-evolving subsystems; ill-defined boundaries; and multilevel dynamics. In this context, science is seen as the process of abstracting the dynamics of systems from data. This presents many challenges including: data gathering by large-scale experiment, participatory sensing and social computation, managing huge distributed dynamic and heterogeneous databases; moving from data to dynamical models, going beyond correlations to cause-effect relationships, understanding the relationship between simple and comprehensive models with appropriate choices of variables, ensemble modeling and data assimilation, modeling systems of systems of systems with many levels between micro and macro; and formulating new approaches to prediction, forecasting, and risk, especially in systems that can reflect on and change their behaviour in response to predictions, and systems whose apparently predictable behaviour is disrupted by apparently unpredictable rare or extreme events. These challenges are part of the FuturICT agenda. © The Author(s) 2012. ; The publication of this work was partially supported by the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement No. 284709, a Coordina- tionandSupportActionintheInformationandCommunicationTechnologiesactivityarea ('FuturICT' FET Flagship Pilot Project). MSM acknowledges also financial support for research on Complex Systems from MINECO FIS2007-6032. ; Peer Reviewed