Suchergebnisse

The article, based mainly on the method of data and document analysis and other methods such as comparative, linguistic, logical and summative, analyses the procedure of issuing documents proving the management of collectively managed product and/or packaging waste, with the exception of waste collected under the deposit system, the types of documents proving the management of product and/or packaging waste, specifies which documents proving the management of product and/or packaging waste shall be assessed in the broad sense and which in the narrow sense, documents proving the management of product and/or packaging waste shall also be classified according to the status and role of the entities issuing them. The article analyses the amendments in the existing legislation on the procedure of issuing documents proving the management of products and/or packaging waste, which established the linking testimony (confirmations) held by the waste sorters or keepers in the product and/or packaging waste management system, indicated the reasons for the need to adjust the procedure for issuing documents proving the management of product and/or packaging waste that have come into effect after the amendments to the legal acts, as well as the gaps and possible problems caused by the amendments of the legal acts. It was concluded that the legal regulation of the product and/or packaging waste management system must be improved. Proposals have therefore been made to amend the Law on Waste Management of the Republic of Lithuania and the secondary legislation, providing that entities that have to issue linking testimony (confirmations) in the product and/or packaging waste management system following the amendment of legal acts, as well as processors/exporters or collectors/mixed municipal waste handlers must be added to the List of waste managers entitled to issue documents proving the management of product and/or packaging waste so that they would have a legal interest in the legality of the linking testimony (confirmations) issued as well as, inter alia, to ensure the principle of equality of waste managers taking part in the product and/or packaging waste management system.

The article, based mainly on the method of data and document analysis and other methods such as comparative, linguistic, logical and summative, analyses the procedure of issuing documents proving the management of collectively managed product and/or packaging waste, with the exception of waste collected under the deposit system, the types of documents proving the management of product and/or packaging waste, specifies which documents proving the management of product and/or packaging waste shall be assessed in the broad sense and which in the narrow sense, documents proving the management of product and/or packaging waste shall also be classified according to the status and role of the entities issuing them. The article analyses the amendments in the existing legislation on the procedure of issuing documents proving the management of products and/or packaging waste, which established the linking testimony (confirmations) held by the waste sorters or keepers in the product and/or packaging waste management system, indicated the reasons for the need to adjust the procedure for issuing documents proving the management of product and/or packaging waste that have come into effect after the amendments to the legal acts, as well as the gaps and possible problems caused by the amendments of the legal acts. It was concluded that the legal regulation of the product and/or packaging waste management system must be improved. Proposals have therefore been made to amend the Law on Waste Management of the Republic of Lithuania and the secondary legislation, providing that entities that have to issue linking testimony (confirmations) in the product and/or packaging waste management system following the amendment of legal acts, as well as processors/exporters or collectors/mixed municipal waste handlers must be added to the List of waste managers entitled to issue documents proving the management of product and/or packaging waste so that they would have a legal interest in the legality of the linking testimony (confirmations) issued as well as, inter alia, to ensure the principle of equality of waste managers taking part in the product and/or packaging waste management system.

Stringent regulatory foreign exchange and trade policies create distortions and lead to mis‐invoicing of imports and exports. Such legally prescribed opportunistic behavior is alleged to be common in LDCs because of their lack of openness and restrictive policies. This paper focuses on the impact of various trade and currency policies like tariffs, quotas, different exchange rates, and devaluation and administrative policy instruments like monitoring and penalties on import mis‐invoicing under Cournot quantity competition. A framework is developed to analyze the impact of those policies on importers and domestic producers both under fixed and flexible exchange rate regimes.

The main objective of this article is to show how organisations can be understood as producers of consumers and that the sphere of consumption should, therefore, become an integral part of the field of Organisation Studies. In order to achieve this objective, we have adopted a Marxist dialectical approach to the centrality of consumption in the value realisation process of capital, within a historical reconstitution of the production of the consumer, and we offer two empirical illustrations of contemporary transformations involving the spheres of consumption and work in the context of for-profit and non-profit organisations. We analyse how the restructuring of production that started in the 1980s altered organisational practices and forms: consumer management began to inform production; the boundaries between work and consumption became blurred, and the logic of value started permeating even non-profit organisations. In this new scenario, the sphere of consumption itself is modified and comes to be understood in terms of new categories, such as prosumption. We conclude by discussing how insights from our analysis will contribute to the field of Organisation Studies so as to build a bridge between work and consumption, and to take into consideration the complex web within which work management, consumer management and organisational forms overlap in the value realisation process.

The success of REACh will depend on whether or not the actors are willing and able to adopt the roles allocated to them under the new regime. Yet it would be naive to assume that the simple fact of enacting the Regulation will be sufficient to effect the necessary changes in the behaviour of the responsible parties. Within this context, a study on behalf of the German Federal Environmental Agency (Umweltbundesamt – UBA) was performed. The study's initial hypothesis was that support - in the form of (technical and organisational) guidance specific to each type of economic actor - can help to push forward the necessary innovation and co-operation processes to implement REACh in the intended way. Thus, transaction costs for each actor can be kept to a minimum and obstacles overcome. This also supports the central, structural objective of REACh to establish a "learning system", particularly with regard to the interaction occurring between the producers and users of industrial chemicals. To this end, sufficient regulatory (dis)incentives are essential. For this reason, the question of possible amendments to the current draft of the Regulation was also addressed.

This paper analyses the relation between firms' productivity and the different modes of participation to international trade. In particular, we account for the > possibility that firms can not only export their products, but also internationally source their inputs, either directly or indirectly. Using a cross section of firm-level data for several advanced and developing economies, the study confirms the productivity-sorting prediction according to which domestic firms are less efficient than those resorting to an export intermediary, while the latter are less productive than producers which export directly. We show that the same sorting exists also on the import side. Finally, we investigate the effects of source country characteristics on the sorting of firms into different modes of international trade. >

Das Handbuch verzeichnet, nach Ländern gegliedert, die mit der Abwicklung von Export- und Importgeschäften befaßten (staatlichen) Institutionen, Agenturen und Firmen aller Mitgliedstaaten des Rates für gegenseitige Wirtschaftshilfe (Bulgarien, CSSR, DDR, Polen, Rumänien, Ungarn, UdSSR, Kuba, Mongolei, Vietnam) mit genauer Adresse und Angaben über Funktion bzw. Branche und produzierte bzw. benötigte Güter (Stand: 1979/80). Den Listen vorangestellt ist jeweils ein länderspezifischer Überblick über die Organisationsstruktur des Außenhandels und die Entwicklung der Export/Importbilanz der zurückliegenden 10-20 Jahre. Der Anhang enthält eine synoptische, nach Branchen bzw. Produkte aufgeschlüsselte Gesamtübersicht über die einander jeweils entsprechenden Institutionen der einzelnen RGW-Länder sowie einen alphabetischen Index der im Hauptteil vorgestellten Außenhandelsorganisationen. (BIOst-Hml)

Enlace de la comunicación dirigida por los autores al " ICA 2016 Almeria International Reseach Conference. New Strategies for co-operatives: Understanding and managing co-operative creation, transition and transformation". ; The first questions address in the paper are historical: why the European Union has developed the le gal concept of "producers´ organisations" instead of taking advantage of the existing cooperative legal framework and how they have developed in particular in the precursor case of the fruit and vegetables. This background is needed in order to understand properly the second part, on the current situation, and the third on the possible evolutions in the coming years. Secondly, the paper presents and discuses some of the important changes in the European regulation, introduced by the new CAP 2014-2020, concerning the possibilities of joint selling, joint negotiating and farmers cooperation. Special attention is devoted to the legal changes introduced in the primary regulation and to the recent Guidelines approved by the Commission at the end of December 2015. It concludes that the current situation is deeply unsatisfactory. It is the result of deep and long discussions inside the Commission first. Later, the negotiation field moves to the informal trilogies between the Commission, the Council and the Member States and the European Parliament. It continues with some considerations on the future debate which, in our opinion without any doubt, will take place sooner or later and concludes with some proposals to clarify and to improve the current rules. Both consumers and producers are suffering from excessive market volatility. The paper presents a possible win-win strategy which contribute to rebalance the food chain and to safeguard consumers´ interests. They are also compatible with the current European financial rules and disciplines. Current primary regulation will have to be change. The main obstacle are nor technical nor legal. As often, changes have first to start in the mind of the main economic and political actors. ; Peer reviewed