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The impact of national identity building & ethnic identity on conflict prevention, resolution & reconciliation is discussed, with particular reference to a study on two ethnic groups in the Crimea, the Russians & the Crimean Taters. The study was carried out in the form of a voluntary opinion poll, from January to May, 2003, in several towns. (N=Russians 408 respondents & Crimean Taters 422 respondents) Respondents were provided with a questionnaire & selected answers from the list. The results of the questionnaire are analyzed in the article & it is concluded that adoption of national identity does not always create common meaning & a sense of unity. Some ethnic minorities use loyalty to nation to accomplish their own goals. National identity can, however, reduce conflict when it is perceived that the state will provide more opportunities & protect the interests of the ethnic group. 1 Table, 1 Figure, 35 References. R. Prince

This Brief revisits and extends Epstein's classical agent-based model of civil violence by considering important mechanisms suggested by social conflict theories. Among them are: relative deprivation as generator of hardship, generalized vanishing of the risk perception ('massive fear loss') when the uprisings surpass a certain threshold, endogenous legitimacy feedback, and network influence effects represented by the mechanism of dispositional contagion. The model is explored in a set of computer experiments designed to provide insight on how mechanisms lead to increased complexity of the solutions. The results of the simulations are compared with statistical analyses of estimated size, duration and recurrence of large demonstrations and riots for eight African countries affected by the "Arab Spring," based on the Social Conflict Analysis Database. It is shown that the extensions to Epstein's model proposed herein lead to increased "generative capacity" of the agent-based model (i.e. a richer set of meaningful qualitative behaviors) as well the identification of key mechanisms and associated parameters with tipping points. The use of quantitative information (international indicators and statistical analyses of conflict events) allows the assessment of the plausibility of input parameter values and simulated results, and thus a better understanding of the model's strengths and limitations. The contributions of the present work for understanding how mechanisms of large scale conflict lead to complex behavior include a new form of the estimated arrest probability, a simple representation of political vs economic deprivation with a parameter which controls the ̀sensitivity' to value, endogenous legitimacy feedback, and the effect of network influences (due to small groups and "activists"). In addition, the analysis of the Social Conflict Analysis Database provided a quantitative description of the impact of the "Arab Spring" in several countries focused on complexity issues such as peaceful vs violent, spontaneous vs organized, and patterns of size, duration and recurrence of conflict events in this recent and important large-scale conflict process. This book will appeal to students and researchers working in these computational social science subfields.

Constructing a theory of local voting behavior -- Group interest theory and local elections -- From rioting to Watergate: Los Angeles, 1969 and 1973 -- Tough enough to turn L.A. around :Los Angeles, 1973 to 1993 -- Vote your hopes, not your fears : New York, 1965 to 1993 -- Racial conflict and retrospective voting -- Down but not out : A liberal revival in 2001 -- Changing urban politics in the new millennium

The past decade has seen a profound change in the scientific understanding of reproduction. The traditional view of reproduction as a joint venture undertaken by two individuals, aimed at replicating their common genome, is being challenged by a growing body of evidence showing that the evolutionary interests of interacting males and females diverge. This book demonstrates that, despite a shared genome, conflicts between interacting males and females are ubiquitous, and that selection in the two sexes is continuously pulling this genome in opposite directions. These conflicts drive the evolution of a great variety of those traits that distinguish the sexes and also contribute to the diversification of lineages. Goran Arnqvist and Locke Rowe present an array of evidence for sexual conflict throughout nature, and they set these conflicts into the well-established theoretical framework of sexual selection.