Suchergebnisse

Iraq is facing daunting challenges of Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) insurgency, political upheaval, and profound economic and humanitarian crises. Compounding the ISIS-related crisis, the sharp decline in global oil prices has resulted in significant decline in oil export revenues. Implementation of political reforms, announced in August 2015, has been slow due to constitutional constraints and systemic resistance to changes. Iraq's economic prospects are subject to significant risks. Iraq has recently achieved some important steps towards strengthening its investment climate, but much remains to be done. An attractive investment climate is integral to economic growth and poverty reduction. A key task of the government is to balance the interests of society and individual firms. A stronger investment climate does not equate with a more comfortable life for individual firms. The government must manage these trade-offs: global analysis of the World Bank's investment climate surveys shows that firms facing strong competition are on average fifty percent more likely to innovate than firms reporting no such pressure. Innovation, in turn, is a key ingredient for productivity improvement. The special focus section explores the different aspects of the investment climate in order to better understand their importance. With this background, the authors then look at Iraq's investment climate and recent efforts to strengthen it. Finally, the authors look at priorities for improving Iraq's investment climate going forward.

هدفت الدراسة إلى تعرف كيفية تعامل الفقه الإداري الأردني مع المنازعات الناشئة عن العقود الإدارية، وكيف تم إسناد التخصص بهذه المنازعات إلى القاضي المدني وهذا من شأنه أن يؤدي إلى المساس بخصوصية القانون الإداري وبالتالي القضاء الإداري، لا سيما أن الأردن قد أقرت قانون القضاء الإداري رقم 27 لسنة 2014، حيث كان على المشرع الأردني إناطة أية منازعة تنشأ عن العقود الإدارية بهذا القانون دون القضاء المدني وذلك حفاظا على حسن سير المرافق العامة وانتظامها. كما ناقشت هذه الدراسة، بالمقارنة مع الوضع في مصر، أهمية القضاء الإداري بنظر منازعات العقود الإدارية كونه قضاءً متخصصا ويمتلك الخبرة مما من شأنه إنهاء المنازعة بالسرعة المطلوبة ودون تأخير وبعيدا عن الإجراءات المتبعة في القضاء المدني كون إسناد منازعات العقود الإدارية للقضاء المدني يتعارض مع روح النظام القضائي الإداري. ; This study aims to highlight how Jordanian administrative Jurisprudence dealt with disputes of the administrative contract, as well as, how was the attribution of specialization such disputes to the civil judge. This would lead to prejudice the privacy of administrative law. Jordan has enacted the Administrative Justice Law No. 27 of 2014. The Jordanian legislator needs to entrust any dispute arising from administrative contracts to the Administrative Justice law of 2014 in order to preserves the proper functioning of public facilities and its regularity without the intervention of civil courts. This study discusses the importance of the Administrative judiciary's consideration disputes of administrative contracts, in comparison with the situation in Egypt and Iraq. That Administrative judiciary is a judiciary is a specialist and has experience that could end the dispute as quickly as required and without delay and away from the procedures followed in the civil courts. The fact is that the attribution of disputes administrative contracts to civil judge conflicts with the essence of the judicial system administrative. Key words: administrative contracts, the sanctions administrative contracts, administrative judiciary, judicial control over the work of the Department, Jordan, Egypt.