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The evolution of national universities in Latin America is closely related to major political and social changes. The National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) is no exception. As elsewhere in Latin America, we are witnessing in Mexico the transition from a preindustrial, agricultural society to an urbanized industrialized nation. The deep transformations are reflected in the transformation of the elitist universities of the turn of the century, strictly oriented toward the liberal professions, into a new type of university whose character remains as yet undefined (Trow, 1970).

This paper develops and tests a model of the labor mediation process using data from a sample of negotiations involving municipal governments and police and firefighter unions in the State of New York. The test of the model also incorporates an estimate of the impact of a change in the statutory impasse procedures governing these groups. The model examines the impact of (1) alternative sources of impasse, (2) situational characteristics, (3) strategies of the mediators, and (4) personal characteristics of the mediators on the probability of settlement, percentage of issues resolved in mediation, movement or compromising behavior, and the tendency to hold back concessions in mediation. The results indicate that the change in the impasse procedure had a marginal affect on the probability of settlement in the small to medium cities in the sample but little or no effect on the larger cities. Furthermore, a number of other measures of the sources of impasse and mediator strategies and characteristics had a stronger impact on the effectiveness of the mediation process than the nature of the impasse procedure.

This experimental study manipulated presence or absence of temporal urgency, presence or absence of a judgmental standard, and the correspondence or noncorrespondence of outcomes among disputants in a factorial design to assess their effects on preferences for five dispute-resolution procedures arranged along a continuum of decreasing third-party intervention: autocratic decision-making, arbitration, a moot, mediation, and bargaining. Arbitration was the most generally preferred means of settlement, followed in order by the moot, mediation, autocratic, and bargaining procedures. The independent variables modified these preferences, however, such that procedures with a high degree of third-party intervention were preferred more when there was temporal urgency, outcome noncorrespondence, and a standard. Interactions revealed that correspondence affected preferences only when there was no temporal urgency, and presence-absence of a standard affected preferences only when there was temporal urgency and outcome correspondence.

The recent constitutional crisis in the United States and the remedial process related thereto points towarda renewed interest in the value offormal norms for maintaining accountability in the use of secrecy in politics and administration. Since formal norms require effective forms of mediation to establish their operational value, this paper inquires into the relation between mediating processes and constitutional as well as bureaucratic norms. The cleavage in the principles of the polity caused by the cooptation process in domestic affairs and the requirements of national security are examined as they affect the responsible use of secrecy.

Die Studie wendet sich gegen eine ethische Neutralisierung der Politik und ihrer wissenschaftlich-philosophischen Theorie. Als "Strategien der Humanität" gelten jene Prozesse öffentlicher Entscheidungsfindung, die sich der ethisch-pragmatischen Grundaufgabe zeitgenössischer Demokratien stellen, Prinzipien der Humanität, vor allem der politischen Gerechtigkeit, mit den Funktionsanforderungen hochkomplexer Industriegesellschaften und ihren jeweiligen Randbedingungen auf methodischem Weg zu vermitteln. Im ersten Teil werden verschiedene Spielarten des Paradigmas "Nutzenkalkulation" kritisiert, im zweiten Teil Bausteine zu einer kommunikativen Entscheidungstheorie entwickelt.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Introduction -- PART I: FOREIGN POLICY REVIEWED -- 1. The Canadian Role as Usurper -- 2. The New Perspectives of Canadian Foreign Policy -- 3. Canada: The Reluctant Power -- 4. Canada and the Crisis of Middle Powers -- 5. The Role of Diplomacy -- 6. After 25 Years -- PART II: INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS -- 1. The New Age of Functionalism -- 2. Canada and "Collective Security" -- 3 The United Nations and the Frustration of Conflict -- (i). Mediation or Enforcement? -- (ii). Mediation: Art or Science - Notes on the Talloires Conference, 1969