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AbstractMediators can have a powerful impact by helping protagonists learn to manage future conflicts by handling present ones cooperatively. Cooperative conflict research suggests two major mediation strategies. Protagonists develop a cooperative context by listing their major objectives and aspirations independently, brainstorm about how they can help each other reach their goals, and negotiate and reach agreements about this process of mutual goal achievement. Protagonists also learn the cooperative skills of expressing their own ideas and feelings, putting themselves in each other's shoes, combining ideas, and seeking mutually beneficial solutions. Mediators also establish cooperative, conflict‐positive relationships with protagonists.

Introduces several papers (see abstracts of related articles) that explore the use of mediation to solve political conflicts involving new social movements. Various forms of mediation (eg, active mediator vs more removed facilitator) are described, & reasons for the development of mediation as a popular alternative to other forms of conflict regulation are considered. The latter include deficits in traditional state mechanisms, general neoliberal deemphasis on the state, political dehierarchicalization, increasing complexity, & new types of political problems (eg, technological & environmental planning). Use of mediation to prevent or deescalate armed conflict is also discussed. Contributions analyze how mediation redraws old lines of conflict, risks involved in environment-related mediation for organizational actors in the environmental movement, data mediation, & difficulties implementing mediation procedures & their outcomes. 5 References. E. Blackwell

The ombudsman is an independent, nonpartisan third party who assists in grievance resolution. Ombudsmen have traditionally been found in government, but in the 1970s they spread to formal organizations in higher education. health and business. During the 1980s, the principal role of ombudsman. namely mediator, emerged; and apart from ombudsmanship, mediation appears to be playing a more prominent role in conflict resolution now that it did in the seventies. Mediators have become increasingly important in dealing with neighborhood disputes, and divorce mediation has taken the intimate concerns of the family out of the public arena, assigning responsibility to the disputants to work through their own problems. A few states have laws providing for mediation as an alternative to the court system, in child custody disputes, for example. As mediation becomes more widely accepted, professional associations are staking their claim to the role of mediator. The Family Mediation Association draws on members from a variety of disciplines. such as social work. The American Bar Association considers lawyers appropriate mediators in court related programs. In an effort to train professionals in skills of mediation and negotiation, Harvard Law School instituted a workshop on mediation into its curriculum in 1983, and now has a Program on Negotiation

Cover -- Half-Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Tables and Figures -- Foreword by the President of the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues -- Preface -- Notes on the Contributors -- 1. The Structure and Diversity of Mediation in International Relations -- 2. Overcoming the Obstacles to Effective Mediation of International Disputes -- 3. Informal Mediation by Private Individuals -- 4. Informal Mediation by the Scholar/Practitioner -- 5. Formal Individual Mediation and the Negotiators' Dilemma: Tommy Koh at the Law of the Sea Conference -- 6. Mediation by Regional Organizations: The Organization of African Unity (OAU) in Chad -- 7. Mediation by a Transnational Organization: The Case of the Vatican -- 8. The United Nations and International Conflict: The Military Talks at Kilometre Marker-101 -- 9. Small-State Mediation in International Relations: The Algerian Mediation of the Iranian Hostage Crisis -- 10. The Superpowers as Mediators -- 11. Conclusion: International Mediation in Context -- Index.

The international community can creatively and aggressively address deadly conflict through mediation, arbitration, and the development of international institutions to promote reconciliation. The editors of this book designed a systematic framework with which contributors compare third party intervention in twelve conflicts of the post-Cold War period. They examine the role of international organizations-the United Nations, international development banks, and international law institutions-and they analyze the tools and forms of leverage in successful and unsuccessful mediations

AbstractThe effectiveness of conflict resolution and peer mediation programs developed by community mediation centers in fourteen elementary, middle, and high schools was examined and compared with three schools without such programs. Teachers and other school personnel were interviewed and surveyed by mail, providing both qualitative and quantitative data. Positive impact was found on school discipline systems and curriculum. Teachers gained skills useful for teaching and class management. Schools developed enlarged visions of teaching students to take responsibility for their own actions. Problems identified by school personnel are analyzed, and six elements essential for successful programs are proposed.