AbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe how coaches of mediators‐in‐training manage interaction in role‐play sessions and help trainees learn about mediation practices. Using a qualitative, discourse analytic approach, we examined role‐played mediation sessions where thirteen professional mediators each provided coaching to two pairs of student trainees who had completed training in interest‐based mediation (for a total of twenty‐six sessions). We argue that the techniques we observed at crucial moments in mediation training seemed designed to improve trainees' understanding of the mediation process but offered limited help in teaching trainees how to enact the communication practices that are essential to mediation. We consider how the demands of giving advice and assessing communication behavior affect what coaches say to trainees in these circumstances.
Background/Objectives: The article examines qualitative change in the nature and dynamics of social and labor relations in higher education. Their analysis is predefined by the institutional chain of poverty and poorly functioning institutions. Methods/Statistical analysis: To achieve the objectives, the following general scientific and special methods were applied: comparative-historical, statistical analysis, expert-analytical. We used a sample statistical observation, analysis of interval and discrete distribution series, analytical adjustment method based on matching theoretical smooth curve describing empirical data to identify trends and patterns of the state of social and labor relations and salary formation and the conflict-compromise decisions made. Findings: Based on the obtained data on the labor conditions of the academic teaching staff, it was found that there are no properly developed legal institutions to effectively support teachers in their struggle for their economic interests; the system of employment agreements is underdeveloped; there are no instruments to prevent and to solve labor conflicts at the mezoeconomic level; the agreements existing at different levels are not efficient. By comparing the theoretical and methodological approaches and legislation the role of mediation and of social and labor relations was identifies and their application in practice was examined, as well as differences in the labor conflicts settlement processes and opportunities thereof; peculiarities of collective bargaining at the national and sectoral level. The conducted analysis enabled to develop the main stages for transforming the institutions of social and labor relations and the matrix for carrying out a parallel stage-by-stage analysis of the industry specific agreements affecting conflict and compromise solutions in higher education institutions. This resulted in discovering the social anti-ratchet effect. Improvements: The implementation of conflict-compromise solutions is required to transform qualitatively social and labor relations using voluntary conciliation and mediation mechanisms, and processes arising out of collective bargaining in higher education.
Looking through the windshield in 1985, the dispute resolution community was enthusiastic about mediation's promise: the promise of a radically different paradigm premised on party-driven resolution and collaborative decision-making. Peering ahead, mediation's pioneers anticipated a quiet revolution in conflict management toward more therapeutic and democratic processes. What do events in the last three decades tell us about the high and low points — the successes and failures — in the journey of that endeavor? Looking forward, how might we best align reality with our highest aspirations and avoid the disappointing troughs we encountered in those past decades? This article addresses those questions.
La mediación en el cuidado de la salud es un proceso no contencioso para resolver una disputa entre pacientes y proveedores de servicios de salud durante la atención médica Objetivo: Caracterizar el proceso de mediación que tiene lugar en el sistema de salud pública en Chile, desde su inicio hasta 2017. Material y métodos: Cruz estudio descriptivo seccional. De conformidad con la Ley de Transparencia, se solicitó información sobre los procesos de mediación entre 2005 y 2017 al Consejo de Defensa del Estado (CDE). Estos datos se complementaron con la información disponible en el sitio web de esta agencia. Resultados: Noventa y cuatro por ciento de las denuncias presentadas en el CDE fueron consideradas elegibles para mediación. Solo el 19% de los casos concluidos condujeron a un acuerdo entre las partes contendientes. Los acuerdos alcanzados fueron principalmente compensación monetaria, asistencia médica, y disculpas / explicación de los hechos. El monto promedio de compensación alcanzó $ 14,862,088 (pesos chilenos). El daño más comúnmente reclamado como resultado de la atención médica fue la discapacidad parcial. Las especialidades médicas más frecuentemente reclamadas fueron Obstetricia y Ginecología, Cirugía general y Medicina interna. Conclusiones: El análisis de las mediaciones realizadas es una fuente de retroalimentación para el personal de salud y las instituciones de salud. Contribuiría en gran medida a prevenir posibles daños y conflictos médicos, especialmente dentro de las especialidades con más quejas. Se requieren mejoras en la legislación existente para garantizar el libre acceso a toda la población. Las especialidades médicas más frecuentemente reclamadas fueron Obstetricia y Ginecología, Cirugía general y Medicina interna. Conclusiones: El análisis de las mediaciones realizadas es una fuente de retroalimentación para el personal de salud y las instituciones de salud. Contribuiría en gran medida a prevenir posibles daños y conflictos médicos, especialmente dentro de las especialidades con más quejas. Se requieren mejoras en la legislación vigente para garantizar el libre acceso de toda la población. Las especialidades médicas más frecuentemente reclamadas fueron Obstetricia y Ginecología, Cirugía general y Medicina interna. Conclusiones: El análisis de las mediaciones realizadas es una fuente de retroalimentación para el personal de salud y las instituciones de salud. Contribuiría en gran medida a prevenir posibles daños y conflictos médicos, especialmente dentro de las especialidades con más quejas. Se requieren mejoras en la legislación vigente para garantizar el libre acceso de toda la población. ; Mediation in healthcare is a non-adversarial process to resolve a dispute risen between patients and health providers during medical attention Aim: To characterize the mediation process taking place in the public health system in Chile, from its start until 2017. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Under the Transparency Law, information about mediation processes between 2005 and 2017 was requested to the State Defense Council (CDE in its Spanish acronym). This data was complemented with the information available on the website of this agency. Results: Ninety four percent of the complaints filed at the CDE were deemed eligible for mediation. Only 19% of the concluded cases led to an agreement between the disputing parties. The agreements reached were mostly monetary compensation, medical assistance, and apologies/explanation of the facts. The average amount of compensation reached $14,862,088 (Chilean pesos). The most commonly claimed damage resulting from medical care was partial disability. The medical specialties more often claimed were Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Surgery, and Internal Medicine. Conclusions: The analysis of conducted mediations is a source of feedback for healthcare staff and health institutions. It would greatly contribute to prevent possible damage and medical conflicts, specially within the specialties with the most complaints. Improvements to the existing legislation are required to ensure free access for all the population.
In this paper, two major ethnic conflicts in the Middle East region are considered, namely, the Kurdish issue in Iraq and Syria, as well as recent conflicts in Syria. Three main theoretical perspectives on identity divides and conflicts are discussed in the context of the Middle East region. The considered conflicts are then analyzed separately, giving a brief overview of the main sources of conflicts in the ethnic context, including the influence of international factors and the current situation on the global scene. A comprehensive strategy for regional socio-economic integration is proposed with possible directions for establishing sustainable peace and stability in the Middle East region. The aim is to interconnect the particular directions toward a unified regional integration approach for solving the problems which cause significant instability in this region. The solution needs to be obtained by combining an appropriate external factor influence and mediation fostering regional cooperation with the forms of institutional engineering. Based on the theoretical and extensive empirical analysis, the European Union is chosen as an external factor having a great capacity and multiple interests in providing stability which will lead to the collaboration with this region.
This paper explores the underlying factors that pushed Russia, the European Union (EU), Türkiye, and somehow the United States U.S. to offer mediation to settle the conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan. The eruption of the fierce clashes between Azerbaijan and Armenia ended the war that happened in 2020 when Russia brokered the ceasefire. However, Russia's war in Ukraine was signaling renewed fighting in Nagorno-Karabakh. Hence, some actors started to step into the hostility to facilitate diplomatic efforts to lower the temperatures of the conflicting parties. Meanwhile, Azerbaijan made a military assault on Artsakh in 2023 and gained a final victory over Nagorno Karabakh. Amid tension, the EU, Russia, and Türkiye will hold a responsible role and bring hopes that diplomacy may bring Azerbaijan and Armenia closer to peace, and an eventual settlement will ensue. The research demonstrates that a new geopolitical change has been taking place in the South Caucasus region, which is causing complexities amid some options set by the mediators.
PurposeThis paper aims to determine the impact of perceived virtuality on team dynamics and outcomes by adopting the Input-Mediators-Outcome (IMO) framework. Further, it also investigates the mediating role of team processes and emergent states.Design/methodology/approachThe authors collected survey data from 315 individuals working in virtual teams (VTs) in the information technology sector in India using both offline and online questionnaires. They performed the analysis using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM).FindingsThe authors investigated two sets of hypotheses – both direct and indirect (or mediation interactions). Results show that psychological empowerment and conflict management are significant in managing VTs. Also, perceived virtuality impacts team outcomes, i.e. perceived team performance, team satisfaction and subjective well-being.Research limitations/implicationsThe interplay between the behavioural team process (conflict management) and the emergent state (psychological empowerment) was examined. The study also helps broaden our understanding of the various psychological variables associated with teamwork in the context of VTs.Practical implicationsFindings from this study will aid in assessing the consequences of virtual teamwork at both individual and organisational levels, such as guiding the design and sustainability of VT arrangements, achieving higher productivity in VTs, and designing effective and interactive solutions in the virtual space.Social implicationsThe study examined the interplay between behavioural team processes (such as conflict management) and emergent states (such as psychological empowerment). The study also theorises and empirically tests the relationships between perceived virtuality and team outcomes (i.e. both affective and effectiveness). It may serve as a guide to understanding team dynamics in VTs better.Originality/valueThis exploratory study attempts to enhance the current understanding of the research and practice of VTs within a developing economy.
Examines how social inequalities & instabilities within Colombian society have impacted peace negotiations between the government & guerrilla forces. The existence of simultaneous political, economic, & military crises suggests the probability of a widespread civil war. Key factors that impact the possibility of a political solution are examined & it is hypothesized that the war has become an international problem putting Colombia in danger of losing the ability to exercise its sovereignty over a negotiated solution. Although there is a growing call for peace in Colombian society, words of peace have become "rhetorical weapons" accompanied by a military buildup & high levels of US military aid, suggesting the armed conflict will deepen before any genuine efforts are made to achieve peace. However, if the Colombian government defies the negative tendencies & begins serious negotiation, it could be the recipient of significant support from the international community in terms of mediation rather than intervention. A postscript outlining current conditions emphasizes the need to pursue political negotiation & reinstall human rights. 4 References. J. Lindroth
Aim. To identify the features of the behavior of external actors in the South Caucasus during the Second Karabakh War and rank them according to the degree of influence on the events, outcomes, and settlement of the post-conflict situation.Tasks. To find out the main reasons for Armenia's military defeat, as well as the extent of involvement in the armed conflict and post-conflict settlement of Turkey, Great Britain, Iran, the USA, France, the OSCE Minsk Group and the EU.Methods. Among the techniques and ways to achieve the stated goal of the study, the methods of comparative analysis, which allowed by comparing the degree of involvement and role in the conflict to identify beneficiaries and the most promising applicants for participation in post-conflict settlement; structural and functional analysis aimed at identifying connections, relationships and mediations between the participants of the events under consideration.Results. The analysis of the interested and motivated behavior of Turkey, Iran, the UK, the USA, France, the Minsk Group, and the EU in the 44-day armed conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan was carried out. An attempt is made to rank external actors according to the degree of influence on the course and outcome of the war; the main reasons for Armenia's military defeat are established; Iran's behavior and role in the conditions of war and post-conflict settlement are characterized; Azerbaijan's support in the conflict by the countries of the Turkic Council is shown; the involvement of Turkey and Great Britain in the war is established; The role of Russia in the end of the war was determined; the positions of the USA and France as co-chairs of the OSCE Minsk Group were clarified; the EU's application for mediation in the settlement of the Armenian-Azerbaijani contradictions was assessed.Conclusions. Contrary to numerous opinions about the paralysis of Russia's political will in the South Caucasus, it was Russia that, following the results of the Second Karabakh War, managed to strengthen its position and role in regional politics, unite its allies — Armenia and Azerbaijan — around it, inspire them with an understanding of the need to end armed confrontation in the conflict zone, and propose a realistic program of joint actions towards its political settlement.
This work aims to analyze whether it is convenient to maintain the prohibition of mediation in gender violence crimes established in the Spanish legal system. In Spain, restorative justice procedures have not yet been regulated within the criminal sphere, but this has not been an impediment for the legislator to exclude mediation in all cases of gender violence, despite the abundant criticisms from the doctrine. These have become stronger than ever after the European mandate to establish mechanisms of restorative justice; it is sustained that the new regulation should be accompanied by the express derogation of said prohibition. The stereotype of gender violence victim established by the current law allows us to argue that it would be more appropriate to abolish the prohibition and allow these victims to submit to a mediation procedure if it is their will and a series of prerequisites are also present. ; Este trabajo pretende analizar la conveniencia o no de mantener la prohibición de mediación en delitos de violencia de género que establece el ordenamiento jurídico español. En España todavía no se han regulado procedimientos de justicia restaurativa en el ámbito penal, pero esto no ha sido impedimento para que el legislador excluyera la mediación en todos los supuestos de violencia de género, pese a las grandes críticas de la doctrina. Éstas han cobrado más fuerza que nunca tras el mandato europeo de instaurar mecanismos de justicia restaurativa penal, pues se considera que la nueva regulación debería ir acompañada de la derogación expresa de dicha prohibición. El estereotipo de víctima de violencia de género que establece la ley vigente permite aventurar que lo más adecuado sería abolir la prohibición y permitir que estas víctimas puedan someterse a un procedimiento mediador si es su voluntad y concurren una serie de presupuestos.
Based on a series of expeditions to the northern area of the Irkutsk region, the article examines the process of the formation of a special kind of quasi-political actors, denoted in the text by the term "taiga baronet". These actors emerge under the conditions when, as a result of the "optimization" of the structures responsible for collecting information about social space, the latter, from the point of view of authorities, becomes "empty". Along with the array of interpretable markers of the filled space, a number of operators capable of interpreting them decreases and at the end disappears. As a result, the government turns out to be blind, physically deprived of the ability to perform managerial functions. At the same time, having become invisible to the eye of the authorities, this space retains itself as an administratively and politically structured territory, in which representatives of local authorities are forced to carry out the activities prescribed to them and legally assigned to them. Due to the "blindness" of the authorities, this activity inevitably turns into an imitation. The problem, however, is that the space that the authorities perceive as "empty" still have residents, for whom this space remains both social and "filled," and who continue to expect from government institutions that they provide a certain amount of public goods. Thus, a conflict arises, manifested in complaints, appeals to law enforcement agencies and higher authorities, which poses a threat to the favorable picture drawn in the reports. It is the need to somehow neutralize this threat that gives rise to the need for an agent who is not bound by the restrictions associated with the authorities' view and is able to focus on the "here and now" situation, without universal standards. This agent not only assumes a number of functions of the local government, but also acts as a universal mediator between the "empty" and "filled" space, between the local community and the state structure.
