Psychological conception of conflict was formed by several trends: psychoanalysis, behaviorism, cognitive. There separate thesis could be used to define conflict as integrated 3 levels (cognitive, affective and action) phenomenon. Although it could be used the same definition for conflicts occurred in education context, there are same specific means of it in educology. Firstly it is the form and the result of teachers behavior. Secondly, the misbehavior of pupils is named as conflict. Lastly, conflict as unavoidable appearance, is the indicator of teachers conflict competence. Conflict between teacher and pupils was usual in traditional school, but in there are justified only constructive conflicts in democratic school.
Psychological conception of conflict was formed by several trends: psychoanalysis, behaviorism, cognitive. There separate thesis could be used to define conflict as integrated 3 levels (cognitive, affective and action) phenomenon. Although it could be used the same definition for conflicts occurred in education context, there are same specific means of it in educology. Firstly it is the form and the result of teachers behavior. Secondly, the misbehavior of pupils is named as conflict. Lastly, conflict as unavoidable appearance, is the indicator of teachers conflict competence. Conflict between teacher and pupils was usual in traditional school, but in there are justified only constructive conflicts in democratic school.
Psychological conception of conflict was formed by several trends: psychoanalysis, behaviorism, cognitive. There separate thesis could be used to define conflict as integrated 3 levels (cognitive, affective and action) phenomenon. Although it could be used the same definition for conflicts occurred in education context, there are same specific means of it in educology. Firstly it is the form and the result of teachers behavior. Secondly, the misbehavior of pupils is named as conflict. Lastly, conflict as unavoidable appearance, is the indicator of teachers conflict competence. Conflict between teacher and pupils was usual in traditional school, but in there are justified only constructive conflicts in democratic school.
Psychological conception of conflict was formed by several trends: psychoanalysis, behaviorism, cognitive. There separate thesis could be used to define conflict as integrated 3 levels (cognitive, affective and action) phenomenon. Although it could be used the same definition for conflicts occurred in education context, there are same specific means of it in educology. Firstly it is the form and the result of teachers behavior. Secondly, the misbehavior of pupils is named as conflict. Lastly, conflict as unavoidable appearance, is the indicator of teachers conflict competence. Conflict between teacher and pupils was usual in traditional school, but in there are justified only constructive conflicts in democratic school.
The Master's thesis Application of Mediation in Violent Conflicts investigates the application of mediation of violent conflicts not only in criminal justice, but also in family disputes, where the party to the dispute is often bound or has been bound by violent conflicts in the past. In order to investigate and reveal the obligations and shortcomings of the implementation of mediation when there are manifestations of violent behavior and to make suggestions for the development of this type of conflict mediation in Lithuania, a qualitative study was conducted with experts who have been working with violent conflicts for some time. During the analysis of the scientific literature and the empirical research, the two defensive statements raised in the master's thesis were confirmed: 1.Mediation in violent conflicts is possible, but there are certain risk factors, therefore mediators in such conflicts have to take responsibility, assess not only their personal abilities and available professional knowledge, but also assess potential risk factors and using specific strategies, techniques, to carry out a secure mediation process.2.In order to develop the application of mediation in cases of violent conflicts and to improve the quality of such mediation services, it is necessary to further develop such a service and train specialized mediators.
The main objective of this work - to assess the possibility of synthesized conflict transformation model to address the conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh. My problem is the work reads as follows: if the conflict management strategy still did not produce tangible results (and it is unlikely that it could give) for solving the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict should be thinking about other complex peacebuilding analysis and practice. To achieve the main objective of this work I had to address these tasks: 1.Make access to conflict transformation approach; 2.On the base of conflict transformation theory create synthesized research model of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict; 3.To reveal what the internal causes leads to disagreement between Azerbaijan and Armenia on Nagorno-Karabakh conflict issues; 4.To evaluate the role of external actors (Russia, Turkey, the EU, the U.S. and Iran), which indirectly involved in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict; 5.Identify internal and external factors for the ratio of Nagorno-Karabakh conflict transformation perspective; There are the some conclusions of my research: Analysis of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict through the prism of the five types of transformations shows that in the sense of the four types (structures, actors, problems, the elite level) the transformation took place at negative direction. Only the context transformation can be seen a positive transformation process, which may in the future affect positive transformation of the conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh. Azerbaijan is an important route for supplying oil and gas in the West, bypassing Russia. This increases the importance of Azerbaijan to the West, which may eventually be forced to increasingly focus on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. Nagorno-Karabakh conflict analysis showed that the activity of interior actors of second and third level have no impact on conflict transformation. Over the past 15 years in Armenia and Azerbaijan no ground for the first, the second and the third level actors' interaction was created. It should be noted that Russia, Turkey and Iran do not use second and third track diplomacy in South Caucasus. EU, U.S. and Turkey, under certain conditions, can adress the second and third levels of transformation initiatives in niche Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. In order to obtain greater effectiveness of such initiatives should be established a structure to coordinate the second-and third-level diplomatic efforts in Azerbaijan, Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh. Russia remains a major obstacle to the Nagorno-Karabakh peace process. South Caucasus, Moscow considers its "near abroad" in its sphere of influence, so it reacts cautiously to U.S. and EU promotes of democracy and human rights initiatives. In this case, Russia sees post-modern Western peace-building strategies as nothing more than a Western desire to assert its influence in the region. Unlikely that Russia would be interested in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict settlement. The Western strategy for implementing the transformation of the conflict must pay attention to the importance of the Russian factor and focus on long-term work – the transformation of the structure and problems in Armenia and Azerbaijan. Internal and external context of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict analysis presupposes the view that the compromise between the Armenian and Azerbaijani authorities in the near future is impossible. One of the most realistic option is the establishment of diplomatic relations between Armenia and Turkey. If Ankara will agree to establish diplomatic relations with Yerevan and open the border, the situation in the region may be in a positive change. Most importantly, it would reduce Russia's role both in Armenia and the South Caucasus. This should be most interested in Turkey. In my view, the first track diplomacy of the Western diplomats' efforts should be aimed at precisely that direction.
The main objective of this work - to assess the possibility of synthesized conflict transformation model to address the conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh. My problem is the work reads as follows: if the conflict management strategy still did not produce tangible results (and it is unlikely that it could give) for solving the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict should be thinking about other complex peacebuilding analysis and practice. To achieve the main objective of this work I had to address these tasks: 1.Make access to conflict transformation approach; 2.On the base of conflict transformation theory create synthesized research model of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict; 3.To reveal what the internal causes leads to disagreement between Azerbaijan and Armenia on Nagorno-Karabakh conflict issues; 4.To evaluate the role of external actors (Russia, Turkey, the EU, the U.S. and Iran), which indirectly involved in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict; 5.Identify internal and external factors for the ratio of Nagorno-Karabakh conflict transformation perspective; There are the some conclusions of my research: Analysis of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict through the prism of the five types of transformations shows that in the sense of the four types (structures, actors, problems, the elite level) the transformation took place at negative direction. Only the context transformation can be seen a positive transformation process, which may in the future affect positive transformation of the conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh. Azerbaijan is an important route for supplying oil and gas in the West, bypassing Russia. This increases the importance of Azerbaijan to the West, which may eventually be forced to increasingly focus on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. Nagorno-Karabakh conflict analysis showed that the activity of interior actors of second and third level have no impact on conflict transformation. Over the past 15 years in Armenia and Azerbaijan no ground for the first, the second and the third level actors' interaction was created. It should be noted that Russia, Turkey and Iran do not use second and third track diplomacy in South Caucasus. EU, U.S. and Turkey, under certain conditions, can adress the second and third levels of transformation initiatives in niche Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. In order to obtain greater effectiveness of such initiatives should be established a structure to coordinate the second-and third-level diplomatic efforts in Azerbaijan, Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh. Russia remains a major obstacle to the Nagorno-Karabakh peace process. South Caucasus, Moscow considers its "near abroad" in its sphere of influence, so it reacts cautiously to U.S. and EU promotes of democracy and human rights initiatives. In this case, Russia sees post-modern Western peace-building strategies as nothing more than a Western desire to assert its influence in the region. Unlikely that Russia would be interested in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict settlement. The Western strategy for implementing the transformation of the conflict must pay attention to the importance of the Russian factor and focus on long-term work – the transformation of the structure and problems in Armenia and Azerbaijan. Internal and external context of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict analysis presupposes the view that the compromise between the Armenian and Azerbaijani authorities in the near future is impossible. One of the most realistic option is the establishment of diplomatic relations between Armenia and Turkey. If Ankara will agree to establish diplomatic relations with Yerevan and open the border, the situation in the region may be in a positive change. Most importantly, it would reduce Russia's role both in Armenia and the South Caucasus. This should be most interested in Turkey. In my view, the first track diplomacy of the Western diplomats' efforts should be aimed at precisely that direction.
The main objective of this work - to assess the possibility of synthesized conflict transformation model to address the conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh. My problem is the work reads as follows: if the conflict management strategy still did not produce tangible results (and it is unlikely that it could give) for solving the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict should be thinking about other complex peacebuilding analysis and practice. To achieve the main objective of this work I had to address these tasks: 1.Make access to conflict transformation approach; 2.On the base of conflict transformation theory create synthesized research model of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict; 3.To reveal what the internal causes leads to disagreement between Azerbaijan and Armenia on Nagorno-Karabakh conflict issues; 4.To evaluate the role of external actors (Russia, Turkey, the EU, the U.S. and Iran), which indirectly involved in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict; 5.Identify internal and external factors for the ratio of Nagorno-Karabakh conflict transformation perspective; There are the some conclusions of my research: Analysis of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict through the prism of the five types of transformations shows that in the sense of the four types (structures, actors, problems, the elite level) the transformation took place at negative direction. Only the context transformation can be seen a positive transformation process, which may in the future affect positive transformation of the conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh. Azerbaijan is an important route for supplying oil and gas in the West, bypassing Russia. This increases the importance of Azerbaijan to the West, which may eventually be forced to increasingly focus on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. Nagorno-Karabakh conflict analysis showed that the activity of interior actors of second and third level have no impact on conflict transformation. Over the past 15 years in Armenia and Azerbaijan no ground for the first, the second and the third level actors' interaction was created. It should be noted that Russia, Turkey and Iran do not use second and third track diplomacy in South Caucasus. EU, U.S. and Turkey, under certain conditions, can adress the second and third levels of transformation initiatives in niche Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. In order to obtain greater effectiveness of such initiatives should be established a structure to coordinate the second-and third-level diplomatic efforts in Azerbaijan, Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh. Russia remains a major obstacle to the Nagorno-Karabakh peace process. South Caucasus, Moscow considers its "near abroad" in its sphere of influence, so it reacts cautiously to U.S. and EU promotes of democracy and human rights initiatives. In this case, Russia sees post-modern Western peace-building strategies as nothing more than a Western desire to assert its influence in the region. Unlikely that Russia would be interested in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict settlement. The Western strategy for implementing the transformation of the conflict must pay attention to the importance of the Russian factor and focus on long-term work – the transformation of the structure and problems in Armenia and Azerbaijan. Internal and external context of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict analysis presupposes the view that the compromise between the Armenian and Azerbaijani authorities in the near future is impossible. One of the most realistic option is the establishment of diplomatic relations between Armenia and Turkey. If Ankara will agree to establish diplomatic relations with Yerevan and open the border, the situation in the region may be in a positive change. Most importantly, it would reduce Russia's role both in Armenia and the South Caucasus. This should be most interested in Turkey. In my view, the first track diplomacy of the Western diplomats' efforts should be aimed at precisely that direction.
The main objective of this work - to assess the possibility of synthesized conflict transformation model to address the conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh. My problem is the work reads as follows: if the conflict management strategy still did not produce tangible results (and it is unlikely that it could give) for solving the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict should be thinking about other complex peacebuilding analysis and practice. To achieve the main objective of this work I had to address these tasks: 1.Make access to conflict transformation approach; 2.On the base of conflict transformation theory create synthesized research model of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict; 3.To reveal what the internal causes leads to disagreement between Azerbaijan and Armenia on Nagorno-Karabakh conflict issues; 4.To evaluate the role of external actors (Russia, Turkey, the EU, the U.S. and Iran), which indirectly involved in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict; 5.Identify internal and external factors for the ratio of Nagorno-Karabakh conflict transformation perspective; There are the some conclusions of my research: Analysis of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict through the prism of the five types of transformations shows that in the sense of the four types (structures, actors, problems, the elite level) the transformation took place at negative direction. Only the context transformation can be seen a positive transformation process, which may in the future affect positive transformation of the conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh. Azerbaijan is an important route for supplying oil and gas in the West, bypassing Russia. This increases the importance of Azerbaijan to the West, which may eventually be forced to increasingly focus on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. Nagorno-Karabakh conflict analysis showed that the activity of interior actors of second and third level have no impact on conflict transformation. Over the past 15 years in Armenia and Azerbaijan no ground for the first, the second and the third level actors' interaction was created. It should be noted that Russia, Turkey and Iran do not use second and third track diplomacy in South Caucasus. EU, U.S. and Turkey, under certain conditions, can adress the second and third levels of transformation initiatives in niche Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. In order to obtain greater effectiveness of such initiatives should be established a structure to coordinate the second-and third-level diplomatic efforts in Azerbaijan, Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh. Russia remains a major obstacle to the Nagorno-Karabakh peace process. South Caucasus, Moscow considers its "near abroad" in its sphere of influence, so it reacts cautiously to U.S. and EU promotes of democracy and human rights initiatives. In this case, Russia sees post-modern Western peace-building strategies as nothing more than a Western desire to assert its influence in the region. Unlikely that Russia would be interested in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict settlement. The Western strategy for implementing the transformation of the conflict must pay attention to the importance of the Russian factor and focus on long-term work – the transformation of the structure and problems in Armenia and Azerbaijan. Internal and external context of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict analysis presupposes the view that the compromise between the Armenian and Azerbaijani authorities in the near future is impossible. One of the most realistic option is the establishment of diplomatic relations between Armenia and Turkey. If Ankara will agree to establish diplomatic relations with Yerevan and open the border, the situation in the region may be in a positive change. Most importantly, it would reduce Russia's role both in Armenia and the South Caucasus. This should be most interested in Turkey. In my view, the first track diplomacy of the Western diplomats' efforts should be aimed at precisely that direction.
SUMMARY Lithuania started following Community Directives that define corporate social responsibility for an employee after accession to the European Union. Therefore managers of organisations are supposed to pay more attention to staff management which aims not only at growth of labour productivity rates, but motivation of employees as well as ensuring of appropriate and positive working environment. Ability to manage organisational conflicts is the basis for managing conflicts in the national level. Everyone is a personality, however people depend on each other when they work together. They all have different political ideological beliefs, confess different religions, different background of education and social status of a family. Everyone has prejudice and a certain attitude towards value system. Everyone therefore is unique by its estimations and views and has a right to make mistakes and make their own decisions about good or evil. Moral maturity of businessmen affects not only economic indicators but intercommunication, attainment of goals of organisation as well as entire organisational environment. The paper aims at development of optimal model for solving conflicts within the organisation. The first part of the paper THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF CONFLICTS presents peculiarities of conflict management in organisations. A concept of conflict management, conflict causes and types as well as solution methods is provided based on scientific publications. This part also analyses empirical level of conflict examination in both Lithuanian and foreign organisations. The second part of the paper RESEARCH METHODOLOGY describes methods, aim and objectives of the research planned in local self administration and private organisations. Research sample and procedure of research organisation is also described. Research methods employed: questionnaire, interview and mathematical analysis (used to structure the results). The research proved hypotheses that were raised: • The manager of the organisation influence conflict management; • Proper method for conflict solution helps eliminate the conflict and improve management situation. The third part EMPIRICAL RESEARCH OF ORGANISATIONS, DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS presents structured analysis of research data and research assessment. The results from the private and public organisations are compared. Recommendations for improvement of conflict management process along with optimal conflict solution model are provided based on analysis of the research. Analysis of how different authors interpret the concept of conflict management was carried out in the paper. Such analysis enabled drafting more precise definition of conflict management concept. Causes, types and solution methods of conflicts were structured and peculiarities of conflict management in private and public organisations were explored. Causes of conflicts and solution methods that are most characteristic to these organisations were determined. Importance of conflict management along with its positive and negative effects on organisations and their employees was based on theory. A questionnaire was drafted and employees of both private and public organisations were questioned. Results of the research will help in further surveys of organisations and will allow analysing other peculiarities of organisational conflict management better. The research proved the hypotheses. Recommendations for improvement of conflict management process were provided. Based on the results of the research a new model for solving conflicts was developed. The paper consists of introduction, 3 parts and conclusion. The paper comprises of major part described in 60 pages, including 5 tables and 24 figures.
SUMMARY Lithuania started following Community Directives that define corporate social responsibility for an employee after accession to the European Union. Therefore managers of organisations are supposed to pay more attention to staff management which aims not only at growth of labour productivity rates, but motivation of employees as well as ensuring of appropriate and positive working environment. Ability to manage organisational conflicts is the basis for managing conflicts in the national level. Everyone is a personality, however people depend on each other when they work together. They all have different political ideological beliefs, confess different religions, different background of education and social status of a family. Everyone has prejudice and a certain attitude towards value system. Everyone therefore is unique by its estimations and views and has a right to make mistakes and make their own decisions about good or evil. Moral maturity of businessmen affects not only economic indicators but intercommunication, attainment of goals of organisation as well as entire organisational environment. The paper aims at development of optimal model for solving conflicts within the organisation. The first part of the paper THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF CONFLICTS presents peculiarities of conflict management in organisations. A concept of conflict management, conflict causes and types as well as solution methods is provided based on scientific publications. This part also analyses empirical level of conflict examination in both Lithuanian and foreign organisations. The second part of the paper RESEARCH METHODOLOGY describes methods, aim and objectives of the research planned in local self administration and private organisations. Research sample and procedure of research organisation is also described. Research methods employed: questionnaire, interview and mathematical analysis (used to structure the results). The research proved hypotheses that were raised: • The manager of the organisation influence conflict management; • Proper method for conflict solution helps eliminate the conflict and improve management situation. The third part EMPIRICAL RESEARCH OF ORGANISATIONS, DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS presents structured analysis of research data and research assessment. The results from the private and public organisations are compared. Recommendations for improvement of conflict management process along with optimal conflict solution model are provided based on analysis of the research. Analysis of how different authors interpret the concept of conflict management was carried out in the paper. Such analysis enabled drafting more precise definition of conflict management concept. Causes, types and solution methods of conflicts were structured and peculiarities of conflict management in private and public organisations were explored. Causes of conflicts and solution methods that are most characteristic to these organisations were determined. Importance of conflict management along with its positive and negative effects on organisations and their employees was based on theory. A questionnaire was drafted and employees of both private and public organisations were questioned. Results of the research will help in further surveys of organisations and will allow analysing other peculiarities of organisational conflict management better. The research proved the hypotheses. Recommendations for improvement of conflict management process were provided. Based on the results of the research a new model for solving conflicts was developed. The paper consists of introduction, 3 parts and conclusion. The paper comprises of major part described in 60 pages, including 5 tables and 24 figures.
Regionalization refers to the process of cooperation, integration, cohesion and identity creation in a regional space and involves state as well as non-state actors. Regionalization serves as a tool for settling conflicts and securing peace among nations. The conflicts and the spillovers they produce in regions such as the Middle East are acknowledged as being of paramount concern to international security. Building regional peace and security is a stepping stone to the construction of a more secure global order. Transforming regions into pluralistic security communities, moving from zones of war to stable zones of peace, has assumed increasing importance. The ongoing spatial formation is defined and explained as a gradual regional transformation movement from a Machiavellian-Keynesian geopolitical rationality toward a Porterian-Floridian one. These political rationalities are motivated by the perceived nature of the contemporary security environment in which a specific type of competitiveness (competitive regionalism/city-regionalism) has partly superseded military-based security issues. There is a growing emphasis on endogenous processes, utilizing regional assets, institutions and knowledge and promoting intra-regional links via cluster policies as the key to regional economic success in a global political economy. It is acknowledged that innovation, competitiveness, clusters, networks, and top quality are key shibboleths in the plans which present long-term future visions for the regions. The author is crafting a research that could measure regional performance in political, socio-economic, societal and environmental aspects with respect to regionalization processes, regional security and regional transformation. Rather than using European Union as the standard from which to explain all other cases of regionalization, or excluding European Union altogether in theorizing attempts, author emphasizes that it is important to enhance the comparative regional analysis. In order not to be restrained to the European Union model, the volume encompass multi-paradigmatic and eclectic analysis that could explain in detail why the European Union regionalization model cannot be replicated in the Middle East, in the core countries of the Levant in particular.
Regionalization refers to the process of cooperation, integration, cohesion and identity creation in a regional space and involves state as well as non-state actors. Regionalization serves as a tool for settling conflicts and securing peace among nations. The conflicts and the spillovers they produce in regions such as the Middle East are acknowledged as being of paramount concern to international security. Building regional peace and security is a stepping stone to the construction of a more secure global order. Transforming regions into pluralistic security communities, moving from zones of war to stable zones of peace, has assumed increasing importance. The ongoing spatial formation is defined and explained as a gradual regional transformation movement from a Machiavellian-Keynesian geopolitical rationality toward a Porterian-Floridian one. These political rationalities are motivated by the perceived nature of the contemporary security environment in which a specific type of competitiveness (competitive regionalism/city-regionalism) has partly superseded military-based security issues. There is a growing emphasis on endogenous processes, utilizing regional assets, institutions and knowledge and promoting intra-regional links via cluster policies as the key to regional economic success in a global political economy. It is acknowledged that innovation, competitiveness, clusters, networks, and top quality are key shibboleths in the plans which present long-term future visions for the regions. The author is crafting a research that could measure regional performance in political, socio-economic, societal and environmental aspects with respect to regionalization processes, regional security and regional transformation. Rather than using European Union as the standard from which to explain all other cases of regionalization, or excluding European Union altogether in theorizing attempts, author emphasizes that it is important to enhance the comparative regional analysis. In order not to be restrained to the European Union model, the volume encompass multi-paradigmatic and eclectic analysis that could explain in detail why the European Union regionalization model cannot be replicated in the Middle East, in the core countries of the Levant in particular.
Regionalization refers to the process of cooperation, integration, cohesion and identity creation in a regional space and involves state as well as non-state actors. Regionalization serves as a tool for settling conflicts and securing peace among nations. The conflicts and the spillovers they produce in regions such as the Middle East are acknowledged as being of paramount concern to international security. Building regional peace and security is a stepping stone to the construction of a more secure global order. Transforming regions into pluralistic security communities, moving from zones of war to stable zones of peace, has assumed increasing importance. The ongoing spatial formation is defined and explained as a gradual regional transformation movement from a Machiavellian-Keynesian geopolitical rationality toward a Porterian-Floridian one. These political rationalities are motivated by the perceived nature of the contemporary security environment in which a specific type of competitiveness (competitive regionalism/city-regionalism) has partly superseded military-based security issues. There is a growing emphasis on endogenous processes, utilizing regional assets, institutions and knowledge and promoting intra-regional links via cluster policies as the key to regional economic success in a global political economy. It is acknowledged that innovation, competitiveness, clusters, networks, and top quality are key shibboleths in the plans which present long-term future visions for the regions. The author is crafting a research that could measure regional performance in political, socio-economic, societal and environmental aspects with respect to regionalization processes, regional security and regional transformation. Rather than using European Union as the standard from which to explain all other cases of regionalization, or excluding European Union altogether in theorizing attempts, author emphasizes that it is important to enhance the comparative regional analysis. In order not to be restrained to the European Union model, the volume encompass multi-paradigmatic and eclectic analysis that could explain in detail why the European Union regionalization model cannot be replicated in the Middle East, in the core countries of the Levant in particular.
Actuality of issue: Explanation of conflict reasons is relevant for personnel of travel agencies, as excellent relationships ensure effective results. As it's impossible to elude the conflicts that arise constantly in everyday activity, they need to be analyzed and solved. The results of Master's work were presented in the Management section of the 8th Conference of Young Scientists' works "Topicality of Economics and Management", held on 24th of April, 2008, in the Department of Social Sciences in Siauliai University. Object of work: personnel conflicts and their solutions. Scientific problem: solutions of personnel conflicts. Goal of work: analysis of the personnel conflicts and their solutions. Tasks of work: 1.Analyze personnel situation in the organization. 2.Analyze theoretical aspects of conflict concept, features and appearance reasons. 3.Analyze personnel conflicts in travel agencies. 4. Determine solutions of conflicts. Methods of research: 1.Analysis of scientific literature. 2.Questionnaire survey. 3.Mathematical statistics. Conclusions: The performed research revealed that intrapersonal conflicts prevailed among employees in the travel agencies; other types of conflicts were conflicts among several individuals and the remaining part of the group. Conflicts mostly arise because of misunderstandings; besides, other very important reasons of the conflicts in the travel agencies are uneven job distribution, and opinion discrepancies. They are analyzed and solved by conflicting individuals. During the conflict solving process, the conflicts are analyzed, trade-offs are determined, and open discussion is initiated. The conflicts mostly end up by determination of the problem and its revealing. Nevertheless, the major part of respondents claimed that only sometimes it was possible to avoid conflicts. Determination of the conflict solutions revealed that the most common strategies used both by executives and subordinates, were competition and collaboration strategies of conflict solutions. The competition ...
