Suchergebnisse

On the basis of recent studies of modern ethno-political processes the author shows the new threats and challenges of uncontrolled migration flows from the Middle East and North Africa. These processes have created a serious threat not only to EU countries but also in other continents. The author analyzes and forecasts the growing conflict potential in the Caspian region, which is particularly applied to Southern Russia. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the old and the modern conflicts, the author makes conclusion about the continuity of data due to the lack of development of negative processes of democratic processes and the low level of tolerance in the regions of the North Caucasus, which is a breeding ground for Islamic radicalism. The only constructive solution to this problem in the present period is the socio-economic stabilization of the society and the revival of the principles of tolerance since the Soviet period, taking into account regional peculiarities of the peoples living in these territories. As a result, it is necessary to provide recommendations and suggestions of scientists, economists and social scientists to expand intellectual scientific potential with a degree of respect for the principles of tolerance. In conclusion it is noted that today for Russia there cannot be a future without policy capable of ensuring harmony in inter-ethnic and religious relations, the cooperation of all constituent peoples. (author's abstract)

The author examines the process of Soviet military involvement in the events that took place in Afghanistan from the viewpoint of the United States. This topic is poorly studied, and the author makes an attempt to fill this gap. The main goal of the paper is to consider the process of increasing involvement of the USSR in the interior Afghan affairs from the U.S. position and to trace how this position changed during 1979. Methods and materials: The author mainly relies on the document 'The secret correspondence of the foreign policy agencies of the United States on Afghanistan' and also draws documents from the U.S. Congress and a monthly bulletin from the U.S. State Department. Analysis. The special attention is paid to the period from the beginning of the spring of 1979 to the end of 1979, since it was during this period of time that the Soviet military presence in Afghanistan continued to grow. Results: The author concludes that throughout 1979 and earlier, the U.S. closely followed the events in Afghanistan and Soviet actions there. However, the U.S. position on possible Soviet military involvement was expectant, and the USSR was not given strong protests, which could promote the Soviet decision on military intervention in the civil war in Afghanistan.

This article studies the problems of ethno-political processes in Afghanistan's sociallife. This shock of social and political life was a manifestation of tension in the ethno-national sphere, originating in the time of the formation of the Afghan state, which was created by the Pashtun tribes with all the ensuing consequences.

Introduction. The authors tackle the topical problem of assessing the conflict level between subidentical groups: "management academics" (professors and lectures staff) and "academic managers" (administrative managing staff). The aim of the paper is to construct a new method of quantitative assessment of the conflict level between professional groups generated by the organizational culture; to study the dynamics of the change in the conflict level between professional and age-based cohorts existing in Russian universities. Materials and Methods. In this study, the conflict level is defined as a difference of common cultural vectors found for each of target age-groups, demonstrating generations' behavioral features and their professional competence, set up as the result of analysis of expert assessments with the help of organizational culture methods developed by the Organizational Cultural Assessment Instrument of K. Сameron and R. Quinn. Empirical data are taken from sociological research involving 384 respondents from 18 universities representing 12 regions of the Russian Federation. Results. It is shown that activity of the considered target bunches is under significant influence of hierarchical (bureaucratic) organizational culture. This objective circumstance of proceeding transformation processes forms the basis for fragmentation of existing academic identity into those intra-university bunches which are combined both in terms of valuable patterns of generations and patterns formed under the influence of social and economic conditions. Interference of various age-grade valuable patterns under permanent current transformation invokes escalation of strife, its minimum level is reached in identical age-grades of professors and lectures staff ("management academics") and administrative managing staff ("academic managers"). A certain influence on the level of conflicts between the target groups under consideration is produced by the degree of goals adequacy and objectives of the university available resources (competence, material, technical, and financial base). Discussion and Conclusion. The novelty of the conducted research lies in consideration of conflict problems in universities arisen from the increasing differentiation of general cultural vectors of university communities. Complex, sustainable and reproducible nature of this social phenomenon, linking together both value and behavioral aspects of university communities, requires a transformation of research tactics. The research materials might be useful in practical work of heads of universities as scientific and methodological recommendations for the study and prediction of conflict processes in universities. © 2019 National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University. All rights reserved. ; Russian Foundation for Fundamental Investigations, RFFI ; 18-411-130018р_а, 8.1.53.2018 ; Funding: The authors received the support of the Russian Foundation of Fundamental Research and the Government of the Republic of Mordovia within the framework of Project 18-411-130018р_а "The organizational culture of industrial enterprises of the Republic of Mordovia (at the example of the innovative and industrial clusters)"; the article also relies on results obtained in the course of Project No. 8.1.53.2018 within the framework of the Program for Boosting Competitiveness of National Research Tomsk State University.

The article presents a model of problem-solving training in new technologies, methods of tracking the demand of multi-functional groups on the basis of a temporary type ofspecially designed subsystems for knowledge management. On the basis of diagnostic test characteristics are determined by the prevailing educational methods for sustainable conflict-free development, and analyzes the degree of interactivity, and, as a general result that gives a holistic view of the process of self-organization for innovation development.

The South-East European Cooperation Process (SEECP) was launched in 1996, however, its functioning is an ongoing research phenomenon. This regional cooperation format includes all 13 states of South-East Europe. It was established as a forum of political dialogue and consultation, where regional issues could be addressed at the highest level. One of the objectives of the SEECP was security cooperation. The aim of this article is to analyse the role of the SEECP in maintaining security in the region of the Western Balkans. This article argues that since 1996, the SEECP has been evolving and is becoming an important format of regional cooperation in South East Europe, however, it plays a limited role in maintaining the military security of the post-conflict states of the Western Balkans. From the point of view of the members of the SEECP, military security and peace could be obtained through the integration of the participants of the SEECP, in particular those located in the Western Balkans, with the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The article also shows that establishing the SEECP did not eliminate tensions and riots based on ethnicity in some states of the Western Balkans and so, the SEECP still has a lot to do in the matters of reconciliation and good-neighbourliness. The article is based on primary and secondary source analysis, case study method comparative analysis, and the historical method.

The question of studying the essence of conflict as a process in the context of modern political studies raises the question of applying a new method – an interdisciplinary one based on the synthesis of paradigms and approaches. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to analyze the conflict in this region in the light of the relevance of assessing support strategies in regions with political and military instability in Africa. The purpose of this study is to consider the essential parameters of the conflict process in the DRC, this conflict process is constitutional and one of the bloodiest in the history of independent African states, complicated by a huge number of participants in the conflict at different stages. It is also necessary to analyze the role of the so-called managers in the conflict in the context of the essential transition and political transformation of the Congo after 1960 and the acquisition of formal independence against the background of the continuing expansion of Western corporations into the economic sector of the DRC. The main problem to solve was the need to assess the procedure for resolving conflict contradictions in the DRC and the possibility of reducing the presence of a violent component in the interaction, and the role of socio-political institutions of society that could favorably act as institutions for peace-building and peace enforcement, with the activities of MONUC and the UN as a whole not losing relevance. The main result of the research is the development of the concept of conflict resolution in the DRC, based on the theory of social conflict by R. Darendorf. The author comes to the conclusion that the reduction of violence in the conflict in the DRC and the settlement of the conflict in this region are possible only with proper methodological and theoretical support for the peace-building process. The author also emphasizes the importance of increasing the pace of development of the army and police in the DRC, the importance of the influence of international actors in resolving the conflict through authority, and not through direct intervention in the conflict. ; Вопрос изучения сущности конфликта как процесса в разрезе современных политических исследований ставит вопрос о применении междисциплинарного метода, основанного на синтезе парадигм и подходов. Актуальность исследования обуславливается необходимостью анализа конфликта в данном регионе в свете релевантности оценки стратегий поддержания в регионах с политической и военной нестабильностью в Африке. Научная новизна исследования обуславливается отсутствием попыток анализа перспектив урегулирования конфликта в Демократической Республике Конго (ДРК) в рамках конфликтной модели общества Ральфа Дарендорфа, как базиса для выстраивания концепта урегулирования конфликта в ДРК. Целью данного исследования является рассмотрение сущностных параметров конфликтного процесса в ДРК, данный конфликт является самоконституирующим и одним из самых кровопролитных в истории независимых африканских государств, осложняемый огромным количеством участников конфликта на разных его этапах. Основной проблемой для решения была выбрана необходимость оценки процедуры урегулирования конфликтных противоречий в ДРК и возможности снижения присутствия насильственного компонента во взаимодействии, а также была проанализирована роль социально-политических институтов общества, которые могли бы благоприятно выступать в роли институтов миростроительства и принуждения к миру, с не теряющей актуальности деятельности МООНДРК и ООН в целом. Основным результатом исследования выступает выработка концепции урегулирования конфликтов в ДРК, построенная на теории социального конфликта Ральфа Дарендорфа. Автор приходит к выводу, что редукция насилия в конфликте в ДРК и урегулирование конфликта в данном регионе возможны лишь при должном методологическом и теоретическом обеспечении процесса миростроительства. Также автор подчеркивает важность повышения темпа развития армии и полиции в ДРК, важность воздействия международных акторов в урегулировании конфликта через авторитет, а не через прямую интервенцию в конфликт.

The end of meetings in the Kazakh capital offers an opportunity to reevaluate the forum and assess its relevance for the future of the Syrian conflict.

The article presents the results of a media-analytical study of information flows in Ukraine and in the "new" subjects of the Russian Federation – Crimea and Sevastopol. The relevance of the study of post-conflict societies is dictated by the fact that in the digital era, an effective military solution must be supported by participation in the formation of the information agenda and management of information flows. The cases of color revolutions allow to speak of communication as a factor in the formation of unconventional social attitudes. The results of the study carried out by the authors show that in the condition of the crisis in society, communication networks are formed often due to the external influence. Information flows of a post-conflict society are formed not only from real events of everyday life and the existing socio-political situation, but also focusing on a number of topics and discourses that must be present in the media field without fail. They act as information triggers, system trigger tools that form a different streaming of flows, which were differentiated by the authors as single – and multi-wave. The analysis of the identified flows, that represent communicative network structures, testifies to the different genesis of their emergence and functioning, but the determining factor in this process is the geopolitical request for the formation of media tracks. The authors come to conclusion that the information flows of post-conflict societies are communicative-political structures of a dual nature: they initially carry the ideas of an open and democratic society, but then form conflict situations in the civil and media fields.

We consider a description and analysis of linguistic, ethnic, cultural heterogeneity issues, with an emphasis on the economic and social consequences of the resulting conflicts. We focus on language, ethnic and cultural differences influence on the processes of emergence, or increase of the potential conflicts in the context of social and economic dimensions. We also take into account income inequality and migration, as the most important factors influencing the dynamics of these processes. The approaches to the theoretical description and empirical evaluation are based on basic economic criteria, which allows to achieve a more complete and accurate description of the studied complex social processes. We pay special attention to the case studies reflecting the peculiarities of the studied heterogeneity issues.

The last 300 years the subject of opposition of Russia and Europe is periodically staticized. If before contradictions between the leading European actors were considered through a domination prism on the continent, then in the 21st century the problem of effective development and safety which can't be reliably provided without attraction to this process of all significant political players comes out on top. Historical opposition of Russia and Europe in new century began to gain turbulent character which is characterized by lack of opredelennost and regularities. Attempt of Russian political government during the initial Post-Soviet stage to approach the West and to become his part I haven't found support among leaders of the Western world who didn't see the equal partner in Russia, ignoring her at the solution of questions of world politics. Despite the taken steps on rapprochement, in general not an udalost to overcome mistrust which began to increase in process of rapprochement of the countries of the former Soviet Union with the countries of NATO and the European Union.

Following the outbreak of the conflict in Syria, the United States and Russian Federation became involved in the peace process aimed at stabilizing the internal situation. In the initial phase of this process, Russia introduced political plans to resolve the dispute, while successively blocking UNSC projects calling for the resignation of Bashar al-Assad. As a consequence of the changes that took place in Russia's foreign policy after the annexation of Crimea, it began conducting military activities aimed at ousting opposition forces from Syria and preventing the West from making any possible intervention. Due to the lack of a decisive response from the United States, within a few years the Syrian regime's offensive, militarily supported by Russia, reduced the opposition forces supported by the US to the defense. As a result of Russi's intense involvement in the process of resolving the Syrian conflict, this country has once again started to play a key role in the international arena. The conflict in Syria has highlighted the Russian government's aspirations to rebuild its state as a superpower.

The article deals with the issues of information in the negotiation processes for the settlement of the Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict. The information consists of international documents used in dealing with conflicts, as well as information about the actual situation on the ground. In addition, the powers of the negotiating party should be taken into account. These powers restrict the use of information to some extent. It is also necessary to point out the influence of the parties to the conflict and their information base on the mediators in the negotiation process. The observance of neutrality in the negotiations contributes to the achievement of positive results. At the same time, the activities of the parties to the negotiations directly depend on the position of a particular party in the region and its influence on the situation. Each side has the support of certain international forces. In the meantime, the situation is affected by the balance of these forces and the interests of superpowers that have their own interests in the region. The task of the Azerbaijani side is to form an objective view of the situation using the necessary historical data. The data should be complex and comprehensive.

English version on pp. 90-94 available at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/humanitarian-mission-of-the-negotiations-on-the-nagorno-karabakh-conflict/61582.html

Статья посвящена рассмотрению видов межличностных конфликтов в образовательных учреждениях. Автор утверждает, что в процессе образования сталкиваются интересы трех сторон: общества, государства и отдельной личности. Именно эти три составляющие образовательного процесса влияют на «климат» в коллективе и являются причинами появления конфликта. Также автор анализирует типы конфликтного поведения, их причины, и способы их преодоления. ; The article is devoted to the review of different kinds of conflicts in the educational establishments. The author confirms that the interests of three parts come across in the educational process: society, government and personality. These three components of the educational process influence the "climate" of community (group) and cause the conflict. Also the author analyzes types of uncooperative behavior, causes and the methods of negotiations.