Suchergebnisse

The article presents in abstract form the results of the initial historical analysis of the Belarusian protests of 2020 in the context of similar processes in the post-Soviet space. The preconditions and reasons for the mass demonstrations are shown: structural problems and the Ukrainian events of 2014 led to the stagnation of the Belarusian economy; confidence in the election results in society declined with each election campaign; the new generation of Belarusians had incomprehensible values, which were preserved and imposed on the society by the authorities. There were also several triggers of protests: the peculiarities of the strategy of the Belarusian leadership in the context of the cavid virus pandemic Kavid19 reduced the authority of the government; and the inconsistency of the official and actual results of the vote, the brutality of the dispersal of the first post-election protests caused mass outrage. Authorities considered and still consider the foreign factor to be the main reason for the protests. Many politicians and experts support the theory of Russian interference in Belarus. Solidarity of Belarusians is a new phenomenon of Belarus in recent history. In many respects it was able to manifest itself thanks to new forms of communication in society and fresh creative forms of activity: a chain of solidarity, walks and marches on avenues and streets, actions in residential areas, etc. The activity of women, pensioners and workers shows a change in their role in the political life of post-Soviet countries. And the support of the protests of other traditional and new professional groups testifies to the nationwide nature of the demonstrations. The lack of obvious socio-economic demands makes it possible to classify the Belarusian protests as political democratic revolutions, which can be conditionally called "Revolutions of Dignity". The most important result of the Belarusian protests is the discovery of the world of the Belarusian political nation. Despite the polarization and a certain division in society, there is a clear general demand for the sovereignty of Belarus by supporters of S. Tikhanovskaya and A. Lukashenko. Now all political forces will have to reckon with the factor of existence and active participation in the political process of the Belarusian political nation.

В магістерській роботі розглянуто теоретико-практичні основи управління соціальними процесами в конфліктних ситуаціях у військових колективах. Подано теоретичне обґрунтування сутності, змісту, структури, функцій і динаміки конфлікту керівника та підлеглого, як специфічної форми соціальної взаємодії, визначено основні сутнісні ознаки конфліктної взаємодії керівника та підлеглого. У дослідженні запропоновано нові дефініції таких понять, як конфліктна ситуація та конфліктна взаємодія. Виявлено пріоритетні стратегії управління соціальними процесами в конфліктних ситуаціях у військових колективах. Визначено особливості управління соціальними процесами в конфліктних ситуаціях у військових колективах. ; The master's thesis considers the theoretical and practical foundations of management of social processes in conflict situations in military teams. Theoretical substantiation of the essence, content, structure, functions and dynamics of the conflict between the leader and the subordinate, as a specific form of social interaction, is given, the main essential features of the conflict interaction of the leader and the subordinate are determined. The study proposes new definitions of such concepts as conflict situation and conflict interaction. Priority strategies for managing social processes in conflict situations in military teams have been identified. Peculiarities of management of social processes in conflict situations in military collectives are defined.

On the basis of recent studies of modern ethno-political processes the author shows the new threats and challenges of uncontrolled migration flows from the Middle East and North Africa. These processes have created a serious threat not only to EU countries but also in other continents. The author analyzes and forecasts the growing conflict potential in the Caspian region, which is particularly applied to Southern Russia. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the old and the modern conflicts, the author makes conclusion about the continuity of data due to the lack of development of negative processes of democratic processes and the low level of tolerance in the regions of the North Caucasus, which is a breeding ground for Islamic radicalism. The only constructive solution to this problem in the present period is the socio-economic stabilization of the society and the revival of the principles of tolerance since the Soviet period, taking into account regional peculiarities of the peoples living in these territories. As a result, it is necessary to provide recommendations and suggestions of scientists, economists and social scientists to expand intellectual scientific potential with a degree of respect for the principles of tolerance. In conclusion it is noted that today for Russia there cannot be a future without policy capable of ensuring harmony in inter-ethnic and religious relations, the cooperation of all constituent peoples. (author's abstract)

The author examines the process of Soviet military involvement in the events that took place in Afghanistan from the viewpoint of the United States. This topic is poorly studied, and the author makes an attempt to fill this gap. The main goal of the paper is to consider the process of increasing involvement of the USSR in the interior Afghan affairs from the U.S. position and to trace how this position changed during 1979. Methods and materials: The author mainly relies on the document 'The secret correspondence of the foreign policy agencies of the United States on Afghanistan' and also draws documents from the U.S. Congress and a monthly bulletin from the U.S. State Department. Analysis. The special attention is paid to the period from the beginning of the spring of 1979 to the end of 1979, since it was during this period of time that the Soviet military presence in Afghanistan continued to grow. Results: The author concludes that throughout 1979 and earlier, the U.S. closely followed the events in Afghanistan and Soviet actions there. However, the U.S. position on possible Soviet military involvement was expectant, and the USSR was not given strong protests, which could promote the Soviet decision on military intervention in the civil war in Afghanistan.

This article studies the problems of ethno-political processes in Afghanistan's sociallife. This shock of social and political life was a manifestation of tension in the ethno-national sphere, originating in the time of the formation of the Afghan state, which was created by the Pashtun tribes with all the ensuing consequences.

The article is devoted to the review of key events in the political life of the island of Cyprus. Historically, due to religious, national, linguistic differences and as a result of the Cyprus conflict, political differences, relations between the Greeks and Turks remain tense.Therefore, the study considered systemic errors in the methods of resolving the identity, non-fulfillment of the conditions set and the uncompromising policy of the Turkish government. ; Стаття присвячена огляду ключових подій політичного життя острова Кіпр. Історично так склалося, що в зв'язку з релігійними, національними, мовними відмінностями, і внаслідок Кіпрського конфлікту політичними розбіжностями, відносини між греками і турками залишаються напруженими. Тому в дослідженні було розглянуто системні похибки, які було закладено в основу процесу врегулювання Кіпрської кризи.

Ukraine's Euro-civilization choice, which took place as a result of the Revolution of Dignity, posed a number of challenges to Ukrainian society, without adequate answers to which EU accession will remain a ratherdistant prospect for Ukrainians. One of such challenges is the genderization of the social life of Ukrainians, in particular in the field of education, which presupposes, first of all, the formation of a gender-sensitive space for the existence of the country's citizens; mass involvement of Ukrainian women in all spheres of society on an equal footing with men and the creation of equal opportunities for this. The philosophy of this process is to recognize as the greatest value of human capital, existing in the form of two social sexes (gender) - female and male - with different life experiences, differences and personal strategies of self-realization.
The article analyzes, among other, the issue of teaching feminist and (or) gender issues in higher educational institutions of modern Ukraine from the standpoint of philosophical and worldview approach. The author aim is to investigate the real state of gender education in Ukrainian higher education institutions, to analyze the existing problems and identify prospects for the development of this process in Ukraine. A group of political science students from the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv was involved in an in-depth survey of the need / no need to teach feminist and gender issues in universities. It was concluded that exist the need of genderization higher education in Ukraine as an integral part of the Euro-integration process.

The study considers specifics of sociocultural integration and adaptation of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in new territorial communities. As a result of the military and political conflict caused by the armed aggression of the Russian Federation, Ukraine since 2014 has been facing the problem of mass internal migration. The investigation of differences in values, socio-cultural attitudes and expectations of hosting communities in regard to IDPs (and vice versa, those of IDPs in regard to hosting communities) is important, as these attitudes and expectations significantly influence socio-cultural and overall communal atmosphere. The knowledge of socio-cultural moods and expectations of these social subjects serves as a scientific ground for the support of well-balanced relations between IDPs and hosting communities, including prevention of conflicts related to the discrimination of forced migrants. Adaptation of IDPs to the life in new communities depends on the reality of their expectations: both high and low, they negatively influence the process of adjusting to the new environment. It must be noted that most public and private initiatives aimed at helping IDPs have been successful, although such activities have been unsystematic, spontaneous, occasional, and fragmented. The sufficient level of satisfying of social, educational, and cultural needs is an important factor in adaptation of IDPs in new places of residence. This is especially indicated by school enrollment and psychological assistance provided to families with children. Most forced internal migrants state that employment constitutes for them the key problem, sometimes even greater than that of accommodation and social protection. Usually, such reasons for employment denial are mentioned: unwillingness to hire a person returned from the ATO zone due to their mental differences and mal-adaptation to local conditions. Thus, an account for sociocultural needs and value priorities as of IDPs so of local residents in the public and social life of the territorial community will have a positive influence on the overcoming of problems arising in the process of integration and adaptation of IDPs to their new life; prevent conflicts; increase the level of communication, and, in a larger sense, facilitate national unity and reconciliation.

The article presents scientific argumentation that reflects the importance of researching the integrative contradictions of the communication processes under the context of intensive global social changes. It is emphasized that the contemporary communication processes are characterized by their own qualitatively different integrative potential in mutual orientation and coordination of the actions by the social actors who interact as participants of the communication processes. That is why sociologists usually study various types of the communicative processes, trying to research the contradictive integrative ontological peculiarities of communications of the consensus, cooperative, competitive and conflict type. The communicative specific of the consensus integration is investigated by the author. The proofs of the scientific position that proposes to research the integrative contradictions of the consensus communications by taking into account the functional social influence by two different mechanisms: 1) the mechanism of the legal organization and regulation of human life on the basis of juridical laws which are supported by the consensus communications between the power institutions and the citizens in order to establish the nonviolent peaceful coexistence and 2) the self-organization mechanism of the interactions between individual and collective social actors in the spheres of economy, politics and culture in the democratic civil society. It is determined that the further prospects for the innovative scientific researches of the ontological specifics of the consensus integration as the foundation of the democratic civil society are connected with the need to provide the specialized studies of the contradictory manifestations of the consensus integration in the functionally different cooperative, competitive and conflict communications between individual and collective actors of social life.

Introduction. The authors tackle the topical problem of assessing the conflict level between subidentical groups: "management academics" (professors and lectures staff) and "academic managers" (administrative managing staff). The aim of the paper is to construct a new method of quantitative assessment of the conflict level between professional groups generated by the organizational culture; to study the dynamics of the change in the conflict level between professional and age-based cohorts existing in Russian universities. Materials and Methods. In this study, the conflict level is defined as a difference of common cultural vectors found for each of target age-groups, demonstrating generations' behavioral features and their professional competence, set up as the result of analysis of expert assessments with the help of organizational culture methods developed by the Organizational Cultural Assessment Instrument of K. Сameron and R. Quinn. Empirical data are taken from sociological research involving 384 respondents from 18 universities representing 12 regions of the Russian Federation. Results. It is shown that activity of the considered target bunches is under significant influence of hierarchical (bureaucratic) organizational culture. This objective circumstance of proceeding transformation processes forms the basis for fragmentation of existing academic identity into those intra-university bunches which are combined both in terms of valuable patterns of generations and patterns formed under the influence of social and economic conditions. Interference of various age-grade valuable patterns under permanent current transformation invokes escalation of strife, its minimum level is reached in identical age-grades of professors and lectures staff ("management academics") and administrative managing staff ("academic managers"). A certain influence on the level of conflicts between the target groups under consideration is produced by the degree of goals adequacy and objectives of the university available resources (competence, material, technical, and financial base). Discussion and Conclusion. The novelty of the conducted research lies in consideration of conflict problems in universities arisen from the increasing differentiation of general cultural vectors of university communities. Complex, sustainable and reproducible nature of this social phenomenon, linking together both value and behavioral aspects of university communities, requires a transformation of research tactics. The research materials might be useful in practical work of heads of universities as scientific and methodological recommendations for the study and prediction of conflict processes in universities. © 2019 National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University. All rights reserved. ; Russian Foundation for Fundamental Investigations, RFFI ; 18-411-130018р_а, 8.1.53.2018 ; Funding: The authors received the support of the Russian Foundation of Fundamental Research and the Government of the Republic of Mordovia within the framework of Project 18-411-130018р_а "The organizational culture of industrial enterprises of the Republic of Mordovia (at the example of the innovative and industrial clusters)"; the article also relies on results obtained in the course of Project No. 8.1.53.2018 within the framework of the Program for Boosting Competitiveness of National Research Tomsk State University.

The article presents the analyses of the contemporary scientific understanding of the time gender aspects in the context of the social conflicts theories. It is accentuated that nowadays the life of the Ukrainian society is determined by two cultural codes: on the one hand, it is still the phase of the non-completed modernity project; on the other, – the western cultural postmodernity has been actively constructing its models of social practices in Ukraine for quite a number of recent years. Hence the specificity of social conflicts transformations in our country: contradictory modern and postmodern modes in their interrelation have a great impact on the social conflicts in Ukraine. It is significant that the typology of social conflicts and the motives for their origin are presented in this paper in their close interconnection with the aspects of the phenomenon of gender temporality, an attempt to manage the social temporality as the definite measurement of the social conflicts processes and their results. It is stressed that in the scientific literature the two temporality models prevail now: the mobilizing model and the model of the medium and eschatological time. These two models of gender temporality, namely, the mobilizing and eschatological ones, are analyzed and defined as such models that greatly influence the formation of the contemporary conflict-oriented social landscapes. The assumption of the gender temporality as a definite measurement of social conflicts and is accentuated by the concluding ideas of its actual capacity to be a kind of modus vivendi to their solution. The policy of the "unity of differences", which is a basis of the contemporary feminist agenda, and the "ethics of care" should become a model for the current development of the Ukrainian society and the supposed future transformations.

The emergence of any ethno-political conflict is caused by the existence of one or another form of ethnic inequality. Therefore, the settlement of ethnic conflicts requires finding a new, compromise and acceptable for all parties to the conflict balance of mutual satisfaction of their interests. In recent decades, the problem of ethnic conflicts has been one of the most relevant topics for researchers representing various fields of science. The main reason for such a close attention to this issue is the importance of resolving such conflicts, which have also become one of the most common sources of social controversy and political instability. Today, there is a growing emotional tension on the world stage that accompanies conflict interactions and can have both mobilizing and disorganizing effects on the behaviour of conflict participants. In ethnic conflict, as it is developing, the feeling of antipathy or hostility increases. There are always reasons and cases for this. Recent events have shown that ethnic conflicts in different parts of the world go beyond domestic and even regional ones. This is especially important due to the fact that regions of ethnic instability are increasingly associated, both in periodicals and in the scientific literature, with potential subjects of international terrorism. Political and economic spatial structuring consists in the expansion of European integration, the complication of relations between political actors, the change of spheres of geopolitical influence, the transformation of the regime and the democratization of a number of countries. This process is not yet complete, walking and approaching its logical end. Conflict prevention is possible only with a comprehensive approach to solving the problem and combining national policies aimed at harmonizing relations between different ethnic groups, as well as law enforcement agencies and the media.

Identifying the prospects of reconciliation at various stages of the violent conflict is a matter of urgent concern, since during the conflict the foundations of a post-conflict settlement are laid down, the effectiveness of reconciliation and the possibility of building peace in the future depend on. The purpose of the work is to study the peculiarities of interaction between the parties during the deep interstate conflict and between the parties during the civil conflict within the state. Applying systematic, analytical and comparative methods, the author characterizes political reconciliation as a long-term social and inclusive process, which is designed to transform the unhappy co-existence of the parties to the conflict into a common political participation in public institutions and political processes through the gradual education of respect for both new institutions and former enemies. The four components of reconciliation – peace, justice, truth and forgiveness – must be interconnected in this process. As a result of the study, the author determines the obligatory elements of the interaction between the parties during and after the violent conflict, socio-psychological means of perception and interpretation of the past and future, the development of positive relations and reformatting them cultural and value paradigm, as well as the transformation of socio-economic reality. The conclusions revealed that the ideal model or perfect method of reconciliation after a violent conflict does not exist, therefore, in each particular case, the particularities of reconciliation vary, depending on the ability of the parties to creatively and effectively approach the process of reconciliation, from their ability to assume consistently the loss, cruelty and pain of the past for the sake of prospects for a common future. At the same time, the author comes to the conclusion that the prospects of reconciliation during and after the end of the violent conflict are determined by the practical manifestation of cooperation ...

The article presents a model of problem-solving training in new technologies, methods of tracking the demand of multi-functional groups on the basis of a temporary type ofspecially designed subsystems for knowledge management. On the basis of diagnostic test characteristics are determined by the prevailing educational methods for sustainable conflict-free development, and analyzes the degree of interactivity, and, as a general result that gives a holistic view of the process of self-organization for innovation development.