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The article provides a transdisciplinary analysis of mediation as an alternative conflict resolution procedure under the realities of modern Russian society. The brief review of modern scientific research conducted in the article allowed us to make a comparative analysis between different methods of conflict resolution, to consider the reasons for the greater public popularity of dispute resolution through the system of state coercion and the less popular alternative procedure – mediation. At the same time, we analyze the new alternative procedure − involving a judicial conciliator in the resolution of a dispute. It is shown that the participation of a judicial conciliator in conflict resolution is new in law, and, consequently, in the sociocultural system of Russian society.

The Comoros was colonized by France in 1841 up to 1975. From this period up to now, there exist different type of legal systems: French law, Muslim law and customary local law. We can safely say that these three legal systems have given birth to a legal pluralism deriving from the presence of France for one century, from the practice of Islam in the Archipelago and from the endogenous law of the Comorian society. The Comorians use one of these legal systems according to their personal interests. Between Comorians, some disputes concerning personal status or that of young ladies are resolved not based on the intent of legislator but often by a recourse to the local customary law or to the Muslim law. Yet as said by Nobert Rouland "the French conception of people is indivisible, only the State represents the people and makes the law, thus the law itself can only be indivisible and coherent". For settling their disputes, the Comorians do not resort immediately to the State institutions. They prefer to settle their dispute by recourse to traditional authorities specially for the questions of personal status or those of sexually abused minor children. That's why our central proposition come into being: the State of Comoros is not the only institution to regulate the social life; the State is just one between many actors and thus suffer fierce competition from other actors which may be victorious over the State, specially over the questions concerning personal status and protection of sexually abused minors. Given the constant recurrence of this situation which does not easily conform with the prerogatives of State, we propose to study the dispute resolution, specially the social and cultural questions involved. ; Les Comores ont été colonisées par la France de 1841 à 1975. De cette période jusqu'à nos jours, il existe plusieurs types de droit : le droit français, le droit musulman et le droit quotidien (droit traditionnel). Nous pouvons dire que ces trois ordonnancements juridiques ont donné naissance à un pluralisme ...

The Comoros was colonized by France in 1841 up to 1975. From this period up to now, there exist different type of legal systems: French law, Muslim law and customary local law. We can safely say that these three legal systems have given birth to a legal pluralism deriving from the presence of France for one century, from the practice of Islam in the Archipelago and from the endogenous law of the Comorian society. The Comorians use one of these legal systems according to their personal interests. Between Comorians, some disputes concerning personal status or that of young ladies are resolved not based on the intent of legislator but often by a recourse to the local customary law or to the Muslim law. Yet as said by Nobert Rouland "the French conception of people is indivisible, only the State represents the people and makes the law, thus the law itself can only be indivisible and coherent". For settling their disputes, the Comorians do not resort immediately to the State institutions. They prefer to settle their dispute by recourse to traditional authorities specially for the questions of personal status or those of sexually abused minor children. That's why our central proposition come into being: the State of Comoros is not the only institution to regulate the social life; the State is just one between many actors and thus suffer fierce competition from other actors which may be victorious over the State, specially over the questions concerning personal status and protection of sexually abused minors. Given the constant recurrence of this situation which does not easily conform with the prerogatives of State, we propose to study the dispute resolution, specially the social and cultural questions involved. ; Les Comores ont été colonisées par la France de 1841 à 1975. De cette période jusqu'à nos jours, il existe plusieurs types de droit : le droit français, le droit musulman et le droit quotidien (droit traditionnel). Nous pouvons dire que ces trois ordonnancements juridiques ont donné naissance à un pluralisme ...

The Comoros was colonized by France in 1841 up to 1975. From this period up to now, there exist different type of legal systems: French law, Muslim law and customary local law. We can safely say that these three legal systems have given birth to a legal pluralism deriving from the presence of France for one century, from the practice of Islam in the Archipelago and from the endogenous law of the Comorian society. The Comorians use one of these legal systems according to their personal interests. Between Comorians, some disputes concerning personal status or that of young ladies are resolved not based on the intent of legislator but often by a recourse to the local customary law or to the Muslim law. Yet as said by Nobert Rouland "the French conception of people is indivisible, only the State represents the people and makes the law, thus the law itself can only be indivisible and coherent". For settling their disputes, the Comorians do not resort immediately to the State institutions. They prefer to settle their dispute by recourse to traditional authorities specially for the questions of personal status or those of sexually abused minor children. That's why our central proposition come into being: the State of Comoros is not the only institution to regulate the social life; the State is just one between many actors and thus suffer fierce competition from other actors which may be victorious over the State, specially over the questions concerning personal status and protection of sexually abused minors. Given the constant recurrence of this situation which does not easily conform with the prerogatives of State, we propose to study the dispute resolution, specially the social and cultural questions involved. ; Les Comores ont été colonisées par la France de 1841 à 1975. De cette période jusqu'à nos jours, il existe plusieurs types de droit : le droit français, le droit musulman et le droit quotidien (droit traditionnel). Nous pouvons dire que ces trois ordonnancements juridiques ont donné naissance à un pluralisme ...

Résumé Le fédéralisme a été utilisé comme instrument pour mettre fin au violent conflit de Bosnie-Herzégovine et pour assurer la coopération politique après la guerre. Cependant, l'idéologie du fédéralisme comme les institutions de l'État fédéral furent bâties par les acteurs internationaux et non par les acteurs internes à la Bosnie. En conséquence, on constate aujourd'hui que l'idée même d'État fédéral est remise en cause par toutes les parties de la Bosnie-Herzégovine. Bien qu'il y ait eu un nombre important de réformes en Bosnie depuis 1995, celles-ci se sont en général concentrées sur le renforcement du niveau central aux dépens des entités membres. Les réformes n'ont pas pu créer un environnement dans lequel l'État bosniaque en tant que tel ne serait plus remis en cause. Ainsi, l'Union européenne a dû accepter de considérer que la conditionnalité qu'elle imposait ne fonctionne pas en Bosnie, car les élites locales continuent à considérer la politique comme un jeu à somme nulle. Ce dont la Bosnie a besoin est une réforme constitutionnelle, dans laquelle les groupes les plus importants s'accordent sur la nature de l'État bosniaque, sur leurs relations à cet État et sur leurs relations réciproques. Ces réformes doivent être réalisées au travers de compromis locaux et de coopération, et ne peuvent être imposées de l'extérieur. Enfin, cet article démontre en quoi le fédéralisme a contribué à bâtir la paix et à construire un État fédéral en Bosnie, mais aussi en quoi il n'a pas réussi à créer un consensus au sujet de l'État et à assurer que toutes les parties acceptent l'État et sa nature fédérale.

Статья посвящена анализу современных политических теорий социокультурной интеграции как способа конструктивного разрешения этнических противоречий на Северном Кавказе. Латентные и потенциальные этнополитические конфликты являются самыми заметными из современных вызовов и угроз гражданскому миру в северокавказском регионе. Становится очевидной фундаментальная проблема, требующая конструктивного решения в целях обеспечения политической стабильности в регионе – это со- действие многоуровневой интеграции. В исследовании утверждается, что эскалация этнической конфликтности является следствием масштабной социальной дезинтеграции, создающей угрозу региональной безопасности. Цель статьи – проанализировать базовые политологические теории и концепты, посвященные анализу социокультурной интеграции как способа конструктивного разрешения этнических конфликтов в северокавказском регионе. По мнению автора, стратегия разрешения этнических конфликтов, основанная на социокультурной интеграции, является высокоэффективным ресурсом миростроительства и мироподдержания. На основе проведенного анализа делается вывод, что многоуровневая ценностно-нормативная модель интеграции может служить в основном превентивным методом управления этническими конфликтами на Северном Кавказе.

The article, based on the paper the author delivered at the conference on the military history of Russia held at Moscow University for the Humanities on April 25, 2016, summarizes the most important points of warfare as an instrument of conflict resolution. ; В статье характеризуются основные черты войны как способа решения человеческих конфликтов. Подготовлено на основе доклада автора на Всероссийской научной конференции «Военная история России», которая прошла в Московском гуманитарном университете 25 апреля 2016 г.

The historic debate about the relationship between economic interdependence and conflict has intensified in recent years with two schools of thought dominating the discussion. One school argues that increased levels of economic interdependence encourage good political relationships and wards off possible conflict. The opposing school of thought suggests that excessive interdependence may actually create resentment, intensify rivalry and, ultimately, political discontent leading to conflict. This paper examines the main contributions to the debate and then explores the role of economic interdependence in two different conflict scenarios -- Africa and the Balkans. Only recently has the relationship between economic interdependence and conflict scenarios received rigorous empirical analysis and the results so far have failed to reach any kind of consensus. We are left to conclude, therefore, that while economic interdependence may not be a "silver bullet" guaranteed to pacify all interstate conflicts, it may help constrain the conflict escalation process to good effect. Adapted from the source document.