Suchergebnisse

The subject of claims of a territorial nature was the Prigorodny district of North Ossetia, where the dispute escalated into large-scale armed clashes, accompanied by numerous losses, above all, because of these circumstances, the Ingush people were forced to leave their homes. The analysis of issues of interaction between the Ossetia and Ingush nationalities in the current political situation has been carried out, the role of the national policy of the former USSR in exacerbating the conflict has been defined, and measures have been proposed to regulate contradictions. The society, by learning its own historical events and reading the values, can overcome any negative situations.

In this paper the authors define and analyze the notion of a linguistic conflict, reveal the reasons for such kind of conflicts and give some particular examples. The article also focuses on the role of a linguistic conflict in the policy of states and their functioning.Purpose. To reveal the reasons for linguistic conflicts, analyze the effects of linguistic conflicts on state functioning.Methodology. The paper is based on general scientific principles of evolutionism, development, systematic, exact historic approaches, objectivity.Results. Awareness of theoretical foundations of modern conflict studies, initiation of experiences of complex linguo-conflictual research papers and political discourse.Practical implications. The main results of the paper can be applied in studying the following disciplines: «Modern political science in context of humanities», «Social linguistics», «Language policy and language planning». ; В данной статье авторы раскрывают понятие лингвистического конфликта, выявляют причины данных конфликтов, приводят конкретные примеры, подчеркивающие роль конфликтов в политике государств, анализируют влияние лингвистических конфликтов на функционирование государства.Цель: выявить причины лингвистических конфликтов, проанализировать влияние лингвистических конфликтов на функционирование государства.Метод или методология проведения работы. Исследование проводилось с опорой на общенаучные принципы эволюционизма, развития, системного, конкретно-исторического подходов, объективности.Результаты: знакомство с теоретическими основами современной лингвистической конфликтологии, инициация опыта комплексных лингвоконфликтологических исследований и политического дискурса.Область применения результатов: основные положения исследования могут найти свое отражение при изучении следующих дисциплин: «Современная политология в контексте новейшего гуманитарного знания», «Социолингвистика», «Языковая политика и языковое планирование».

Abstract. The article determines the structure of political conflicts, technology, and practice management, explains the concept of subject and object of a political conflict. The article provides information about functions of the political conflict, inc ; Анотація. У статті окреслюються структура політичних конфліктів, технології і практика управління ними, пояснюється поняття суб'єкта і об'єкта політичного конфлікту, перераховані функції політичного конфлікту, а також наведено інформацію про розробників т ; Анотація. У статті окреслюються структура політичних конфліктів, технології і практика управління ними, пояснюється поняття суб'єкта і об'єкта політичного конфлікту, перераховані функції політичного конфлікту, а також наведено інформацію про розробників т

The article deals with the problems of historiography of the armed conflict in the Chechen Republic. The active phase of the military operations of the armed conflict in Chechnya was completed in 2001. At that time, historians, analysts and journalists created a wide range of theoretical works concerning the conflict. A number of common features on the use of basic resources are discussed in these publications. The degree of accessibility of the sources which focus on the description of the conflict and its socio-political assessment is of great importance for researchers and their objectives. The author analyzes the European (French) historiography of the armed conflict in the Chechen Republic, considers publications and specialized monographs by French authors on the given subject. The author reveals the ideas about the consequences of the armed conflict in the Chechen Republic, articulated in the works of the European researchers. For the first time within the study of the Western historiography of the war in Chechnya the author analyzes these consequences for both the Russian and Chechen sides. Being one of the most influential historical traditions, French historiography dedicated to the armed conflict in Chechnya is in the stage of development and is characterized by a number of qualitative changes and conceptual approaches.

Introduction. The authors tackle the topical problem of assessing the conflict level between subidentical groups: "management academics" (professors and lectures staff) and "academic managers" (administrative managing staff). The aim of the paper is to construct a new method of quantitative assessment of the conflict level between professional groups generated by the organizational culture; to study the dynamics of the change in the conflict level between professional and age-based cohorts existing in Russian universities. Materials and Methods. In this study, the conflict level is defined as a difference of common cultural vectors found for each of target age-groups, demonstrating generations' behavioral features and their professional competence, set up as the result of analysis of expert assessments with the help of organizational culture methods developed by the Organizational Cultural Assessment Instrument of K. Сameron and R. Quinn. Empirical data are taken from sociological research involving 384 respondents from 18 universities representing 12 regions of the Russian Federation. Results. It is shown that activity of the considered target bunches is under significant influence of hierarchical (bureaucratic) organizational culture. This objective circumstance of proceeding transformation processes forms the basis for fragmentation of existing academic identity into those intra-university bunches which are combined both in terms of valuable patterns of generations and patterns formed under the influence of social and economic conditions. Interference of various age-grade valuable patterns under permanent current transformation invokes escalation of strife, its minimum level is reached in identical age-grades of professors and lectures staff ("management academics") and administrative managing staff ("academic managers"). A certain influence on the level of conflicts between the target groups under consideration is produced by the degree of goals adequacy and objectives of the university available resources (competence, material, technical, and financial base). Discussion and Conclusion. The novelty of the conducted research lies in consideration of conflict problems in universities arisen from the increasing differentiation of general cultural vectors of university communities. Complex, sustainable and reproducible nature of this social phenomenon, linking together both value and behavioral aspects of university communities, requires a transformation of research tactics. The research materials might be useful in practical work of heads of universities as scientific and methodological recommendations for the study and prediction of conflict processes in universities. © 2019 National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University. All rights reserved. ; Russian Foundation for Fundamental Investigations, RFFI ; 18-411-130018р_а, 8.1.53.2018 ; Funding: The authors received the support of the Russian Foundation of Fundamental Research and the Government of the Republic of Mordovia within the framework of Project 18-411-130018р_а "The organizational culture of industrial enterprises of the Republic of Mordovia (at the example of the innovative and industrial clusters)"; the article also relies on results obtained in the course of Project No. 8.1.53.2018 within the framework of the Program for Boosting Competitiveness of National Research Tomsk State University.

The last 300 years the subject of opposition of Russia and Europe is periodically staticized. If before contradictions between the leading European actors were considered through a domination prism on the continent, then in the 21st century the problem of effective development and safety which can't be reliably provided without attraction to this process of all significant political players comes out on top. Historical opposition of Russia and Europe in new century began to gain turbulent character which is characterized by lack of opredelennost and regularities. Attempt of Russian political government during the initial Post-Soviet stage to approach the West and to become his part I haven't found support among leaders of the Western world who didn't see the equal partner in Russia, ignoring her at the solution of questions of world politics. Despite the taken steps on rapprochement, in general not an udalost to overcome mistrust which began to increase in process of rapprochement of the countries of the former Soviet Union with the countries of NATO and the European Union.

The article deals with issues affecting the resolution of disputes in the field of marriage and family relations, which are complicated by a foreign element: the right to be applied to the conclusion, as well as the dissolution of the marriage. The analysis of fundamental acts that regulate marital relations at the international level, as well as national legislation. There are indicated collision bindings at marriage, as well as examples of the rule of law in practice when a marriage is dissolved between Russian and foreign citizens.

The article deals with the problems of historiography of the armed conflict in the Chechen Republic. The author analyzes the approaches to disclosure of the nature and the causes of the armed conflict in Chechnya, existing in modern Polish historiography. The active phase of the military operations of the armed conflict in Chechnya was completed in 2001. At that time, historians, analysts and journalists create a wide range of theoretical works concerning the conflict. A number of common features on the use of basic resources are discussed in these publications. The degree of accessibility of the sources which focus on the description of the conflict and its socio-political assessment is of great importance for researchers and their objectives. Modern Polish historiography, dedicated to the armed conflict in Chechnya, is in the stage of development and the state of its documentary complex is characterized by a number of qualitative changes. The article highlights the scientific and objective truth, comparing it with the comments of the contemporaries. In terms of methodological aspects it is an interesting work for specialists in the fields of history and political science. The author urges us to meditate on the objective truth and subjective opinion about the events. Versions of the causes of the conflict, conflict results and prospects set out in the Polish historiography may have significance not only for understanding of the situation in the Chechen Republic itself but also for the international relations.

This article aims at more or less coherent reproduction of and reflection upon key philosophical ideas discussed at "Rethinking tolerance as a virtue, political demand and moral character" conference, which was held at Karl-Franzens University of Graz, Austria, 5-6 October 2018. Specificity of tolerance, its supererogatory character, limits and justification are in the focus of the paper.Key words: toleration, conflict and concord, D. Heyd, R. Forst, J. Derrida, supererogation, ethic gesture, neutrality and respect, liberals, communitarians. ; Статья представляет собой попытку рефлексивного изложения основных идей, озвученных участниками конференции «Переосмысливая толерантность как политическое требование, моральную добродетель и идеал поведения», проходившей 5–6 октября 2018 г. в департаменте философии университета Карла – Франца г. Грац, Австрия. Последовательно рассматриваются вопросы о специфике, механизме, границах и обосновании толерантного отношения.Ключевые слова: толерантность, согласие, конфликт, Д. Хейд, Р. Форст, Ж. Деррида, коммунитаристы и либералы, уважение, безразличие, избыток, жест.

Статья посвящена рассмотрению видов межличностных конфликтов в образовательных учреждениях. Автор утверждает, что в процессе образования сталкиваются интересы трех сторон: общества, государства и отдельной личности. Именно эти три составляющие образовательного процесса влияют на «климат» в коллективе и являются причинами появления конфликта. Также автор анализирует типы конфликтного поведения, их причины, и способы их преодоления. ; The article is devoted to the review of different kinds of conflicts in the educational establishments. The author confirms that the interests of three parts come across in the educational process: society, government and personality. These three components of the educational process influence the "climate" of community (group) and cause the conflict. Also the author analyzes types of uncooperative behavior, causes and the methods of negotiations.

The relationship between economic development, energy consumption and the environmental issues is complex. However, energy law is based on reciprocal benefits for governments while environmental law is based on common interests and erga omnes. Studies have shown that despite the implementation of several energy and environmental conventions at international levels, the situation of global environmental conditions is critical. Different concepts and conflicting interests between the energy supply system and environmental protection have led to poor implementation of some conventions. The present study examined some existing rules and regulations on energy and the environment and identified the strengths and weaknesses of the descriptive-analytic method. The purpose of investigating these conventions is to decrease the weaknesses and increase the strengths. The strengths can then be used for environmental concerns and international obligations of states under the rules of erga omnes to protect the environment and sovereignty of states for jurisdictional and energy management within national boundaries. The investigations revealed the characteristics of an international convention to decrease conflicts of interest between the energy supply system and environmental protection. In addition, two facilitator mechanisms are proposed for effective implementation of the international convention on energy and the environment.

Цель. В статье проводится анализ концептуализации конфликта в английских идиомах на материале данных Британского национального корпуса, а также Корпуса современного американского английского языка.Метод или методология проведения работы. Методами исследования послужили корпусный и семантический анализ.Результаты. В семантике идиом отражается образное восприятие конфликта, а в контекстах употребления раскрывается его концептуальное содержание. Конфликт репрезентируется как конкуренция, спор, борьба интересов, ценностей, взглядов. Конфликт имеет разные этапы протекания (начало, процесс, конец), может быть кратковременным и длительным. В качестве мотива конфликта могут выступать стремление к политическому влиянию, победе, соглашению, проявление характера и настойчивости. Корпусный подход выявил сочетаемостные особенности идиом в контекстах, дополнительные значения, не зафиксированные в словаре, частоту употребления идиом.Область применения. Результаты исследования можно использовать при составлении двуязычных фразеологических словарей, в курсах по корпусной лингвистике, фразеологии. ; Purpose. The article deals with the analysis of conflict conceptualization in the English idioms as based on the material of the data obtained from the British National Corpus and Corpus of Contemporary American English.Methodology. The methods of research have become corpus and semantic analysis.Results. In semantics of idioms, the figurative perception of conflict is reflected, as well as its conceptual content is revealed in contexts of use. Conflict is represented as a competition, dispute, conflict of objectives, values, views. The conflict has different stages of development (beginning, process, end), can be described as short-term and long-term. The cause of the conflict can be aspiration for political influence, victory, agreement, manifestation of character and persistence. The corpus approach revealed the combination peculiarities of idioms in contexts, as well as the additional values that are not fixed in the dictionary and the frequency of idioms use.Practical implications. The results of research can be used for making bilingual phraseological dictionaries, in courses on corpus linguistics and phraseology.

The article is devoted to problems of Soviet policy "of the conflict on the Chinese Eastern Railway" in the second half of the 1920s. It was "The conflict on the CER in 1926" and "Conflict on the CER in 1929," In the political history of Soviet-Chinese relations. First "The conflict on the CER", coincided, and was associated with a critical event in the history of the ruling party in the Soviet Union the Bolshevik Party. That year Trotsky and several other leaders were expelled from the Politburo of the CPSU (b) LD of the party, all the power was in the hands of one leader – Stalin. Second "The conflict on the CER" coincided and was associated with a critical event in the history of the Russian state – the establishment of a totalitarian model. The article is written on the basis of published and unpublished documents, recovering the course of Soviet policy developments in relation to the CER and established a cause-effect relationship of the two events "conflict on the CER". Cooperative control of the CER in the second half of the 1920s carried a set of domestic economic and political contradictions. When comparing the two "conflict on the CER" it is clear that in the beginning of 1926 the Soviet elite were able to pursue a more flexible policy, adjust policies, to make compromises. In 1929, this ability has been largely lost, and Soviet policy became more and more to rely on force to achieve goals. ; Статья посвящена проблемам советской политики по «Конфликту на КВЖД» во второй половине 1920-х гг. В политической истории советско-китайских отношений были «Конфликт на КВЖД 1926 г.» и «Конфликта на КВЖД 1929 г.». Первый «Конфликт на КВЖД», совпал и был связан с переломным событием в истории правящей в СССР партии большевиков. В этом году был изгнан из Политбюро ЦК ВКП(б) Л.Д. Троцкий и ряд других лидеров партии, вся власть оказалась в руках одного лидера – И.В. Сталина. Второй «Конфликт на КВЖД» совпал и был связан с переломным событием в истории российского государства – установлением тоталитарной модели политико-экономического управления. В статье, написанной на основе опубликованных и не публиковавшихся ранее документах, восстанавливается ход событий советской политики в отношении КВЖД и реконструируются причинно-следственные взаимосвязи событий двух «конфликтов на КВЖД». Совместное управление КВЖД во второй половине 1920-х гг. несло в себе комплекс внутренних экономических и политических противоречий. При сравнении двух «конфликтов на КВЖД» видно, что в начале 1926 г. советская элита была способна проводить более гибкую политику, корректировать политический курс, идти на компромиссы. В 1929 г. такая способность была в значительной мере утрачена, и советская политика все больше стала опираться на силовые методы достижения целей.

The article is devoted to the changing role of culture in international relations, which is analysed through the concept of "soft power". The investigated transformations of the concept of culture were examined on the basis of an analysis of documents and activities of the European Union. The main priorities of the EU in the development of international cultural relations are highlighted. Further, proceeding from world political trends and the general geopolitical situation, the author analyzes the relatively new structural elements of the concept of culture, namely: cultural security, cultural conflict, cultural war. It is concluded that culture becomes a hybrid construct; and "soft power" becomes not only an instrument of external influence and "advancement" of the state in the international arena, but also acquires "defensive" functions.Key words: cultural security, cultural conflict, "soft power", public diplomacy, EU. ; Статья посвящена рассмотрению изменения роли культуры на современном этапе развития международных отношений сквозь призму понятия «мягкая сила». Исследуемые трансформации концепта культуры были рассмотрены на основе анализа документов и деятельности Европейского союза. Выделяются основные приоритеты ЕС в развитии международных культурных отношений. Далее, исходя из мировых политических тенденций и общей геополитической ситуации, автор анализирует относительно новые структурные элементы концепта культуры, а именно: культурная безопасность, культурный конфликт, культурная война. Делается вывод о том, что культура становится гибридным конструктом, а «мягкая сила» становится не только инструментом внешнего воздействия и «продвижения» государства на международной арене, но и приобретает «оборонительные» функции.Ключевые слова: культурная безопасность, культурный конфликт, «мягкая сила», публичная дипломатия, ЕС.

This article is devoted to a little-studied issue of the Ural historiography — the formation of creative intelligentsia during the formation of the administration-command system on the example of Union of the Soviet Writers activity. The main purpose of this article is to analyze the conflicts among the provincial writers who represented the specificity of Soviet State formation in the 1930s and the complex nature of creativity. With the help of chronological and comparative-historical methods, applied under the concept of «historical and cultural landscape", a close relationship between the literary work and the socio-economical, political characteristics of the development of Ural Region was unfolded. In conclusion, the implication of this article is that most of the conflicts among the provincial writers were materialistic by nature and could be explained by the State nationalization of cultural aspects of life in Soviet society. ; Статья посвящена малоизученной в уральской историографии проблеме — деятельноститворческой интеллигенции периода формирования административно-командной системы врамках Союза советских писателей. Главной задачей статьи является анализ конфликтов в среде провинциальных литераторов, отражающих специфику становления Советского государства в 1930-е гг., а также сложную природу творчества. С помощью методов хронологического и сравнительно-исторического, применяемых в рамках концепции «историко-культурного ландшафта», в статье раскрыта тесная связь между литературной работой и социально-экономическими, политическими особенностями развития Уральского региона. В заключении сделан вывод о том, что большинство конфликтов в среде провинциальных писателей носили материальный характер и объяснялись огосударствлением культурной сферы жизни советского общества.