Suchergebnisse

Analyzing the "left" and "right" political positions of individuals is challenging because personal attributes may influence political decisions without directly causing them. This issue may be even more pronounced in Latin America, where young democracies encounter the challenge of stabilizing political choices over time. This study contributes to the literature by analyzing the influence of personal attributes on political choices, focusing on the early 2000s, when the "left" turn occurred. The present study relies on the World Values Survey's fifth wave (2005-2008) to fulfil this objective. This dataset is composed of data that have been collected globally, and the questions are related to diverse subjects associated with the quality of life of individuals. From the available sample, we included all of the Latin American countries that participated in this wave: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, and Uruguay. In this study, the aim is to directly understand the impact of these individuals own attributes on their declared self-positioning about the political leaning. To this aim, an ordered logit model was used to analyse how each variable exerts influence on the political leaning of the respondents. Our results found that political cleavages depend on demographic factors, economic factors, and individual opinions in agreement with previous studies. Increased age, religious service attendance, and satisfaction with one's financial life increase the tendency of individuals for self-positioning to the right of the political spectrum. The possession of a university degree and residence in a large city increases the likelihood of individuals of self-identifying with a leftist political position. This study contributes to the literature by analysing the influence of personal attributes on political choices. Although this research represents an important step toward understanding political leanings in Latin American countries, a significant amount of future research remains. The definitions of "left" and "right" continue to be unclear as they relate to dimensions that include democracy, autocracy, and political reform. Understanding the ways individuals set up their choices would increase the responsibility of political parties and authorities for the hidden claim the population has about their deliverables. At the same time, studies like ours may enhance the awareness of the general impression over political party choices of candidates. Finally, even with so many confounding aspects in this antagonist position, the left and the right continue to be a simple way to characterize veiled assumptions. Therefore, it may be an ambiguous form of defining choices, but this seemingly binary choice is still very significant for voters in Latin America.

OBJETIVO: Analisar os padrões de utilização dos serviços de saúde em comunidades cobertas pela Estratégia de Saúde da Família. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de base populacional com amostra de 2.988 indivíduos, de todas as idades, residentes em áreas de abrangência da Estratégia de Saúde da Família, em Porto Alegre (RS), entre julho e setembro de 2003. Foram aplicados questionários pré-codificados a todos os moradores dos domicílios sorteados sobre informações demográficas, socioeconômicas e de saúde. Nas análises foram calculadas razões de prevalências, intervalos com 95% de confiança e aplicados testes do qui-quadrado. Realizou-se regressão de Poisson na análise multivariável para possíveis fatores de confusão. RESULTADOS: Pessoas do sexo feminino, com 60 anos ou mais, com cor da pele branca, com menor nível socioeconômico, sem cobertura por plano de saúde e com autopercepção de saúde ruim tiveram maior probabilidade de utilizar a unidade de saúde da família local. Em relação aos usuários de outros serviços de saúde, o padrão foi semelhante para as variáveis sexo, idade e autopercepção de saúde, mas foi encontrada uma maior utilização por pessoas com maior nível socioeconômico e com cobertura por plano de saúde. CONCLUSÕES: A utilização da unidade de saúde da família local foi maior entre as pessoas com menor nível socioeconômico e sem cobertura por plano de saúde, indicando indivíduos mais pobres como prioritários das ações governamentais. A mudança do modelo assistencial e a implantação da Estratégia de Saúde da Família tendem a melhorar progressivamente as condições de saúde da população mais pobre, minimizando as desigualdades em saúde. ; OBJETIVO: Analizar los patrones de utilización de los servicios de salud en comunidades cubiertas por la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal de base poblacional con muestra de 2.988 individuos, de todas las edades, residentes en áreas que abarcadas por la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia, en Porto Alegre (Sur de Brasil), entre julio y septiembre de 2003. Fueron aplicados cuestionarios pre-codificados a todos los moradores de los domicilios sorteados sobre informaciones demográficas, socioeconómicas y de salud. En los análisis fueron calculados tasas de prevalencias, intervalos con 95% de confianza y aplicados pruebas de qui-cuadrado. Se realizó regresión de Poisson en el análisis multivariable para posibles factores de confusión. RESULTADOS: Personas del sexo femenino, con 60 años o más, con color de piel blanca, con menor nivel socioeconómico, sin cobertura por seguro de salud y con autopercepción de salud ruin tuvieron mayor probabilidad de utilizar la unidad de salud de la familia local. Con relación a los usuarios de otros servicios de salud, el patrón fue semejante para las variables sexo, edad y autopercepción de salud, pero fue encontrada una mayor utilización por personas con mayor nivel socioeconómico y con cobertura por seguro de salud. CONCLUSIONES: La utilización de la unidad salud de la familia local fue mayor entre las personas con menor nivel socioeconómico y sin cobertura por seguro de salud, indicando individuos más pobres como prioritarios de las acciones gubernamentales. El cambio del modelo asistencial y la implantación de la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia tienden a mejorar progresivamente las condiciones de salud de la población más pobre, minimizando las desigualdades en salud. ; OBJECTIVE: To analyze health service use patterns in communities covered by the Estratégia de Saúde da Família (Family Health Strategy). METHODS: Population-based cross-sectional study with a sample of 2,988 individuals, of all ages, living in areas covered by the Estratégia de Saúde da Família, in the city of Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil, between July and September 2003. Pre-coded questionnaires about demographic, socioeconomic and health information were applied to all residents of selected households. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated and chi-square tests were applied in the analyses. Poisson regression was used in the multivariable analysis to control for potential confounding factors. RESULTS: Females, persons aged 60 years or older, white, with better socioeconomic level, without health care plan coverage and with poor health self-perception were more likely to use the local family health unit. Regarding users of other health services, a similar pattern for sex, age and health self-perception was observed. However, greater use was found among people with better socioeconomic level and with health care plan coverage. CONCLUSIONS: Use of a local family health unit was greater among people from a lower socioeconomic level and without health care plan coverage, revealing the poorer individuals to be the priority of governmental actions. Model changes made to health care with the implementation of the Estratégia Saúde da Família tend to progressively improve the health conditions of the poorer population, with consequent reduction of health inequalities.