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Concepts taken from graph theory and other branches of topology have been used by many sociologists and social psychologists, in particular Kurt Lewin and J. L. Moreno. Similar ideas have been used to construct statistical models of nervous systems, and these have been applied by J. S. Coleman and others to the spread of information and other social phenomena. The study of social networks by anthropologists has been based, knowingly or unknowingly, on the basic notions of graph theory, as has the identification and analysis of social cliques. There is little consensus among mathematicians about terminology, and social scientists have drawn fortuitously on various mathematical vocabularies as well as inventing their own technical terms. Applied to social networks, the words `connectedness' and `connectivity' may refer to properties of the distance between persons, the number of paths between them, whether there is a path at all, or the proportion of possible paths actually in existence. These different usages are contrasted by restating them all in the terminology set out in Structural models (1965) by Harary, Norman and Cartwright.

A new generation of computer simulation programs for exploring problems in demography, kinship ties, descent groups, and other kinds of connectivity in small human populations is now available for use. AMBUSH is a simulation package which may be useful for simulating effects of fertility and mortality schedules, rules of marriage and kinship, density‐dependent infanticide, and other features of closed breeding groups, and their stochastic variability. The program, described here, is available from the authors. [microsimulation, demography, kinship, connectivity]

by Edwin C. Bearss. ; "NPS 2131" ; "September 1983"--Cover. ; Bibliography: p. 605-614. ; Electronic reproduction. [Florida] : State University System of Florida, PALMM Project, 2003. (Florida heritage collection) Mode of access: World Wide Web. System requirements: Internet connectivity; Web browser software; Adobe Acrobat Reader to view and print PDF files. Electronically reproduced by the University of West Florida from a book held in the Main Library at the University of West Florida, Pensacola.

by Edwin C. Bearss. ; "March 1982"--Cover. ; Bibliography: p. 323-327. ; Electronic reproduction. [Florida] : State University System of Florida, PALMM Project, 2003. (Florida heritage collection) Mode of access: World Wide Web. System requirements: Internet connectivity; Web browser software; Adobe Acrobat Reader to view and print PDF files. Electronically reproduced by the University of West Florida from a book held in the Main Library at the University of West Florida, Pensacola.

Center for State and Local Government, The Univeristy of West Florida. ; Electronic reproduction. [Florida] : State University System of Flrida, PALMM Project, 2004. (Florida heritage collection) Mode of access: World Wide Web. System requirements: Internet connectivity; Web browser software; Adobe Acrobat Reader to view and print PDF files. Electronically reproduced by the University of West Florida from a book held in the Main Library at the University of West Florida, Pensacola.

by Edwin C. Bearss. ; "February 1983"--Cover. ; "Historic structure report". ; NPS 2013. ; Includes bibliographical references (p. 845-854). ; Electronic reproduction. [Florida] : State University System of Florida, PALMM Project, 2002. (Florida heritage collection) Mode of access: World Wide Web. System requirements: Internet connectivity; Web Browser software; Adobe Acrobat Reader to view and print PDF files. Electronically reproduced by the University of West Florida from a book held in the main Library at the University of West Florida, Pensacola.

by the Center for State and Local Government, the University of West Florida. ; "March 19, 1981." ; "Submitted as a supplement to a prior report entitled, Ad Valorem taxation at Pensacola Beach." ; Includes bibliographical references (p. 36-38). ; Electronic reproduction. [Florida] : State University System of Flrida, PALMM Project, 2004. (Florida heritage collection) Mode of access: World Wide Web. System requirements: Internet connectivity; Web browser software; Adobe Acrobat Reader to view and print PDF files. Electronically reproduced by the University of West Florida from a book held in the Main Library at the University of West Florida, Pensacola.

Changes in the nature of Scottish nationalist ideology over a 30-year period are studied by means of a content analysis of 90 documents from the Scottish Nationalist Party. Frequency, position, and connectivity of themes within the ideology were measured. It appears that the party is becoming less radical and less culturally and economically oriented. The ideology is described as more complex, oppositional, and incestuous than formerly. The retreat from militancy is seen to stem from a historic need to avoid division within the party and as a strategy to attract a broader range of voters. This dilution of ideology is a major cause of the party's decline.

Ce document suggére que les variations dans les idéologies populistes canadiennes dépéndent largement de l'organisation sociale des agriculteurs. Les éléments importants de cette connexion sont (a)le degré des rapports sociaux parmi les agriculteurs; (b)le degré auquel les agriculteurs sont capables de maintenir leurs positions de producteurs indépendants; et (c)la densité des liens de classe entre agriculteurs et diverses classes. On a tenté de conclure, à travers une étude sur l'organisation agraire et le malaise sociale en Alberta, en Saskatchewan et au Nouveau‐Brunswick que (a) plus le degré des rapports sociaux était élevé, plus le degré de radicalisme (droite ou gauche) était élevé; (b) plus le degré d'indépendance était élevé, plus il y avait de chance que le radicalisme s'oriente à droite; (c) plus la densité des liens entre agriculteurs et travailleurs urbains était élevée, plus il y avait de chance qu'un populisme de gauche emerge; (d) plus la densité des liens entre agriculteurs et groupes urbains exterieurs a la classe travaillante etait elevee, plus il y avait de chance qu'un populisme de droite emerge.In this paper it is suggested that regional variations in Canadian populist ideologies are largely a function of variations in the social organization of farmers. Of particular importance in this connection are (a) the degree of social connectivity among farmers; (6) the degree to which farmers are able to retain their position as independenr commodity producers; and (c) the density of inter‐class ties between farmers and others. It is tentatively concluded through an examination of agrarian organization and unrest in Alberta, Saskatchewan, and New Brunswick that (a) the greater the degree of social connectivity, the greater the degree of radicalism (left or right); (6) the greater the degree of independence, the more likely it is that radicalism will take on a right‐wing colouring; (c) the greater the density of ties between farmers and urban workers, the more likely it is that left‐wing populism will emerge; and (d) the greater the density of ties between farmers and non‐working‐class urban groups, the more likely it is that right‐wing populism will emerge.

This study examines the possibility of relating perceived values of bus service attributes to operative measures in order to take consumers' preferences into account in the process of improving public transport services in a selected rural area. The study is based on an attitude survey, conducted in the Northern Negev district of Israel, from which preference and satisfaction profiles were built by a "paired comparison technique." Profile assessment suggested an inverse correlation between preference and satisfaction. Least-squares fit based on distinct groups with relatively homogeneous perceptual points of view was used to relate satisfaction scaled values to service physical measures. Only the perceived values of service frequency and walking distance could be statistically related to operative measures. The study suggests that the psychological magnitude of frequency and walking distance is higher than the psychological magnitude of travel cost, service reliability, and service network connectivity.

Abstract. Instrumentalism and the instrumental logic, as developed and reconstructed by John Dewey, Clarence Ayres, and Jacob Bronowski, is a mode of philosophy exceedingly critical of dualistic, teleological, tautological, and atomistic individualistic biases in philosophy and in economic theory. Instead, it has emphasized processual, contextual, and evolutionary systems of analysis, accentuating conceptual linkages, topological connectivity and joint relationships as a basis of rejecting conceptions of scientific neutrality and intellectual "instruments" forged in an insulating and compartmentalizing style. The principle of continuity becomes the key to the truth process and its directly associated theory of instrumental value. Applying this instrumental philosophy to the critical analysis of the utility theory of value underpinning orthodox economic theory not only exposes the theoretical and philosophical failures of the utility approach but also highlights the strengths of the instrumental logic as a reconstructive tool. The "life process of mankind" is most enhanced by distinguishing truth from falsity and by applying warranted knowledge to the examination of social and economic problems and the power institutions which give them an exacerbated life.