Suchergebnisse

Having analysed the decentralisation policies of the Bolivian government and the recent transfer of responsibilities to the municipalities with regard to forest management, four case studies are described: Ascension de Guarayos, Rurrenabaque, Villa Tunari y San Ignacio de Velasco. The results show that although decentralisation has opened new possibilities for previously marginalised groups, those groups have not taken sufficient advantage of it. The studies also reveal that small-scale forest industries have not taken advantage of potentially better access to forest resources offered by the municipalities, due to institutional, technical and organisational impediments. The ability of municipal governments to deal with forest issues continues to be limited despite their interest in sustainable forest management. It is unlikely that in the near future the municipalities will contribute to the reduction of deforestation, better permitting procedures or the development of small-scale forest industries.

Examines constraints to the establishment of a democratic regime, including authoritarianism and the power of the state party, the Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI), 1988-94; Mexico. Summary in English.

Discusses constituent processes and distribution of power, focusing on the reform of presidentialism in Argentina; examines constraints that the 1994 constitutional reform placed on the existing structure of presidential powers. Summary in English p. 7.

I build a general equilibrium, financial accelerator model that incorporates an explicit technology for the intermediary sector. A credit multiplier emerges because of a borrowing constraint that is a function of asset prices, internal funds and lending r

Metadata only record ; This paper critically examines recent concepts and developments in fieldwork and qualitative methodology within the discipline of human geography. Specifically, the author focuses on the contributions and constraints of the Anglo-Saxon perspective. The author suggests that although geographers attempt to overcome the contradictions of neopositivist perspectives, they often lack a complete understanding of social, cultural, and political factors necessary for full comprehension of interactions and processes.

The eleven essays in this volume, supplemented by an editorial introduction, centre around three overlapping problems. First, why would a society want to limit its own sovereign power by imposing constitutional constraints on democratic decision-making? Second, what are the contributions of democracy and constitutions to efficient government? Third, what are the relations among democracy, constitutionalism, and private property? This comprehensive discussion of the problems inherent in constitutional democracy will be of interest to students in a variety of social sciences. It illuminates particularly the current efforts of many countries, especially in Latin America, to establish stable democratic regimes

En este trabajo se reconstruye la trayectoria del régimen fraudulento durante el gobierno de Agustín Justo (1932-1938). Las acciones coercitivas desplegadas por los caudillos durante la jornada electoral fueron su rasgo más evidente, pero la instrumentación del fraude tuvo alcances más profundos. A lo largo de esta experiencia, el ejercicio abierto de la coerción sobre el principal partido opositor y el avasallamiento de los derechos de la ciudadanía fueron acompañados por la reorganización del Estado en un sentido que quebró la relación de equilibrio entre los poderes a través de la subordinación del Poder Judicial y el Legislativo a las directivas del elenco gobernante. En este texto se identifican las prácticas y las decisiones desplegadas por los partidos políticos del campo opositor y del oficialista en relación con este proceso. ; In this work is reconstructed the trajectory of the fraudulent regime during the Agustin Justo´s government (1932-1938). The constraint actions carried out by the "caudillos" in the election day were its most evident characteristic, but the construction of the fraud had a deeper reach. Along this experience, the constraint over the most important opponent party and the denial of the citizen s rights were accompanied by the reorganization of the State to obtain the subordination of the Judicial and the Legislative Power to the government crew. This text identifies the practices and decisions of the opposition and governing parties in relation with this process. ; Centro de Investigaciones Socio Históricas

In this work is reconstructed the trajectory of the fraudulent regime during the Agustin Justoïs government (1932-1938). The constraint actions carried out by the "caudillos" in the election day were its most evident characteristic, but the construction of the fraud had a deeper reach. Along this experience, the constraint over the most important opponent party and the denial of the citizenïs rights were accompanied by the reorganization of the State to obtain the subordination of the Judicial and the Legislative Power to the government crew. This text identifies the practices and decisions of the opposition and governing parties in relation with this process. ; En este trabajo se reconstruye la trayectoria del régimen fraudulento durante el gobierno de Agustín Justo (1932-1938). Las acciones coercitivas desplegadas por los caudillos durante la jornada electoral fueron su rasgo más evidente, pero la instrumentación del fraude tuvo alcances más profundos. A lo largo de esta experiencia, el ejercicio abierto de la coerción sobre el principal partido opositor y el avasallamiento de los derechos de la ciudadanía fueron acompañados por la reorganización del Estado en un sentido que quebró la relación de equilibrio entre los poderes a través de la subordinación del Poder Judicial y el Legislativo a las directivas del elenco gobernante. En este texto se identifican las prácticas y las decisiones desplegadas por los partidos políticos del campo opositor y del oficialista en relación con este proceso.

En este trabajo se reconstruye la trayectoria del régimen fraudulento durante el gobierno de Agustín Justo (1932-1938). Las acciones coercitivas desplegadas por los caudillos durante la jornada electoral fueron su rasgo más evidente, pero la instrumentación del fraude tuvo alcances más profundos. A lo largo de esta experiencia, el ejercicio abierto de la coerción sobre el principal partido opositor y el avasallamiento de los derechos de la ciudadanía fueron acompañados por la reorganización del Estado en un sentido que quebró la relación de equilibrio entre los poderes a través de la subordinación del Poder Judicial y el Legislativo a las directivas del elenco gobernante. En este texto se identifican las prácticas y las decisiones desplegadas por los partidos políticos del campo opositor y del oficialista en relación con este proceso. ; In this work is reconstructed the trajectory of the fraudulent regime during the Agustin Justo´s government (1932-1938). The constraint actions carried out by the "caudillos" in the election day were its most evident characteristic, but the construction of the fraud had a deeper reach. Along this experience, the constraint over the most important opponent party and the denial of the citizen´s rights were accompanied by the reorganization of the State to obtain the subordination of the Judicial and the Legislative Power to the government crew. This text identifies the practices and decisions of the opposition and governing parties in relation with this process. ; Fil: Béjar, María Dolores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

En este trabajo se reconstruye la trayectoria del régimen fraudulento durante el gobierno de Agustín Justo (1932-1938). Las acciones coercitivas desplegadas por los caudillos durante la jornada electoral fueron su rasgo más evidente, pero la instrumentación del fraude tuvo alcances más profundos. A lo largo de esta experiencia, el ejercicio abierto de la coerción sobre el principal partido opositor y el avasallamiento de los derechos de la ciudadanía fueron acompañados por la reorganización del Estado en un sentido que quebró la relación de equilibrio entre los poderes a través de la subordinación del Poder Judicial y el Legislativo a las directivas del elenco gobernante. En este texto se identifican las prácticas y las decisiones desplegadas por los partidos políticos del campo opositor y del oficialista en relación con este proceso. ; In this work is reconstructed the trajectory of the fraudulent regime during the Agustin Justo´s government (1932-1938). The constraint actions carried out by the "caudillos" in the election day were its most evident characteristic, but the construction of the fraud had a deeper reach. Along this experience, the constraint over the most important opponent party and the denial of the citizen´s rights were accompanied by the reorganization of the State to obtain the subordination of the Judicial and the Legislative Power to the government crew. This text identifies the practices and decisions of the opposition and governing parties in relation with this process. ; Fil: Béjar, María Dolores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

En este trabajo se reconstruye la trayectoria del régimen fraudulento durante el gobierno de Agustín Justo (1932-1938). Las acciones coercitivas desplegadas por los caudillos durante la jornada electoral fueron su rasgo más evidente, pero la instrumentación del fraude tuvo alcances más profundos. A lo largo de esta experiencia, el ejercicio abierto de la coerción sobre el principal partido opositor y el avasallamiento de los derechos de la ciudadanía fueron acompañados por la reorganización del Estado en un sentido que quebró la relación de equilibrio entre los poderes a través de la subordinación del Poder Judicial y el Legislativo a las directivas del elenco gobernante. En este texto se identifican las prácticas y las decisiones desplegadas por los partidos políticos del campo opositor y del oficialista en relación con este proceso. ; In this work is reconstructed the trajectory of the fraudulent regime during the Agustin Justo´s government (1932-1938). The constraint actions carried out by the "caudillos" in the election day were its most evident characteristic, but the construction of the fraud had a deeper reach. Along this experience, the constraint over the most important opponent party and the denial of the citizen´s rights were accompanied by the reorganization of the State to obtain the subordination of the Judicial and the Legislative Power to the government crew. This text identifies the practices and decisions of the opposition and governing parties in relation with this process. ; Fil: Béjar, María Dolores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

En este trabajo se reconstruye la trayectoria del régimen fraudulento durante el gobierno de Agustín Justo (1932-1938). Las acciones coercitivas desplegadas por los caudillos durante la jornada electoral fueron su rasgo más evidente, pero la instrumentación del fraude tuvo alcances más profundos. A lo largo de esta experiencia, el ejercicio abierto de la coerción sobre el principal partido opositor y el avasallamiento de los derechos de la ciudadanía fueron acompañados por la reorganización del Estado en un sentido que quebró la relación de equilibrio entre los poderes a través de la subordinación del Poder Judicial y el Legislativo a las directivas del elenco gobernante. En este texto se identifican las prácticas y las decisiones desplegadas por los partidos políticos del campo opositor y del oficialista en relación con este proceso. ; In this work is reconstructed the trajectory of the fraudulent regime during the Agustin Justo´s government (1932-1938). The constraint actions carried out by the "caudillos" in the election day were its most evident characteristic, but the construction of the fraud had a deeper reach. Along this experience, the constraint over the most important opponent party and the denial of the citizen´s rights were accompanied by the reorganization of the State to obtain the subordination of the Judicial and the Legislative Power to the government crew. This text identifies the practices and decisions of the opposition and governing parties in relation with this process. ; Fil: Béjar, María Dolores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

This After 1991 Colombia witnessed a sharp fall in the national savings rate (see figure 1.1), and in particular that of the private sector. Two hypotheses have been advanced for explaining this behavior. The first one stresses consumption smoothing within the Perrnanent Income Hypothesis framework (PIH). The reasons for such smoothing can be related with three major phenomena that characterized this period; namely, i. Since 1990 the government pursued an "apertura" (opening), consisting of tariff reductions, which the agents may have deemed as non-credible (transitory); hence, they exploited the advantage of purchasing imported goods at current low prices, expecting future rises in tariffs. ii. The agents believed in the apertura, but an overshooting of capital inflows led to an overvalued exchange rate, which, they expected, should be corrected at some point in the near future, with similar effects on current imports consumption. A similar effect on the real interest rate has been also claimed to have similar effects on total consumption (see Lopes et al, 1996). And iii. a predictable increase in income originated in fairly secure and substancial oil exports starting in 1997; this could lead oil exports revenues from $ 1.4 bn. yearly in 1991 (approximately 42% of total exports), to $ 4bn. after 1997. Such expected rise in income would have caused the observed increase in consumption. The second hypothesis is based on the relaxation of liquidity constraints (LCH), as a result of the capital inflows. Urrutia and Lopez (1994) argue that the increase in consumption was due to a relaxation in the liquidity constraints binding on an important share of the population (75% according to them). The inflow of capital experienced in the first years of the 1990s, and the monetary policy of that period would have allowed an increase in outstanding loans directed to consumption purposes. Cárdenas (1996) and Sánchez (1996) also present evidence in support of this hypoth.

The need for shelter is a growing worldwide problem. In developing countries this need far exceeds the capacity of government agencies to respond. Cooperative self-help techniques often provide alternative means for lower income people to imporve their own shelter and community services with a minimun of outside assistance. These techniques may often require the introduction of less advanced, but appropriate building technology is important. It is, however, only one part of a comprehensive system needed to produce better housing. In many countries, technology is the least important constraint; more serious concerns are building technology is important. It is, however, only one part of a comprehensive system needed to produce better housing. In many countries, technology is the least important constraint; more serious concerns are managerial and financial obstacles. The Building Materials Production Centers concept is part of a larger shelter development strategy; a "Cooperative Development System 1) aimed at promoting low-cost housing in developing countries. The self-help construction that takes place in squatter settlements and rural areas is often poorly served by the formal construction industry material suppliers and must rely on informal material production systems for building materials. Building Materials Production Centers can be established to meet the needs of these settlement areas in a more efficient way at a reasonable cost and at locations where people are improving their own housing and communities. ; Las necesidades de alojamiento constituyen un problema creciente a nivel mundial. En los países en vías de desarrollo, esta necesidad excede con mucho la capacidad de respuesta de las agencias gubernamentales. Las técnicas cooperativas de auto-construcción proporcionan, a menudo, medios alternativos para la población de ingresos bajos que puede mejorar sus propios alojamientos y servicios comunitarios con un mínimo de asistencia exterior. Estas técnicas pueden requerir muchas veces la utilización de ...