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The article deals with the notion of "commercialization of technologies" and provides the interpretation of the term given by different scholars. The article examines the existing methods of commercialization of scientific developments. One of the main constraints to the technological entrepreneurship development is the wrongly chosen commercialization form of scientific developments. In addition, existing commercialization methods are not sufficiently effective. Therefore, the purpose of the paper is to provide a detailed examination of most commonly used methods of scientific developments commercializing and to develop an algorithm of action in the commercialization process to successfully launch a product on the market. Drawing on prior foreign and Russian studies of commercialization forms, we can identify 7 most commonly used forms of commercialization. The article describes each method in graphical and verbal format, compares various forms of commercialization of scientific developments in line with the factors critical for each model.

В статье анализируются сроки, условия и процедура вступления в должность главы республиканского государства. На основе анализа конституционных норм зарубежных стран выделяются три подхода к закреплению даты вступления в должность главы республиканского государства, исследуется их специфика. Определяются общие черты процедуры вступления в должность главы республиканского государства, особенности данной процедуры в некоторых зарубежных странах (Казахстан, Литва и др.). Высказываются предложения по совершенствованию законодательства Республики Беларусь с учетом зарубежного опыта. = Time constraints, conditions and procedure to assumption of а head of republican state office are analyzed in the article. Based on an analysis of the constitutional norms of foreign countries highlighted three approaches to fixing the date of entry into the position of head of the republican state, study their specificity. Common features and particulars of procedure to assumption of an head of republican state are marked out by the example of Kazakhstan, Lithuania and others. The suggestions of legislation improvement are made.

In this research paper analyses elements of the system of constraints established at transmission property of the state and municipal unitary enterprise in rent and gaps in legislation in this scope. Analyzed one of the types of rental property of the unitary enterprise-subrent. Conducted a retrospective analysis of the legal regulation of the rent property unitary enterprise. Made specific examples of the legal regulation the procedure for obtaining consent owner in the subject of the Russian Federation. ; В данной статье проводится анализ элементов системы ограничений, установленных при передаче в аренду имущества государственных и муниципальных унитарных предприятий, в том числе пробелы законодательства в данной сфере. Рассмотрен один из видов аренды имущества унитарного предприятия - субаренда. Проведён ретроспективный анализ правового регулирования аренды имущества унитарного предприятия. В работе приведены конкретные примеры правового регулирования, процедуры получения согласия собственника в субъектах РФ. Сделаны выводы о том, что в законодательстве прослеживается тенденция к уменьшению самостоятельности принятия унитарным предприятием решений по поводу распоряжения своим недвижимым имуществом.

Abstract: Eurasian integration is a complex and phased process. Eurasian cooperation encounters a large number of economic and political constraints and obstacles. The global challenges and threats of the coming pandemic will be accompanied by profound transformational processes in international relations and radical changes in the world. The commonality of trade and economic interests is a key factor in the development of political and economic relations between the states of the entire Eurasian continent. "One belt – One way" is one of the key projects of interregional integration, however, in the presented article, the emphasis is on the EAEU. The organization under study is taking decisive steps in foreign policy to expand trade and economic ties on the Eurasian continent. However, the problems associated with building a single financial market hinder the effective development of the EAEU. Based on the results of a study on the historical development of the EAEU, its structure, regulatory framework, the most important socio-economic and political achievements were analyzed, as well as common problems and prospects for the regional integration of the Union were identified.

This article covered the economic content and features of crisis management in the process of enterprises activities and carried out assessments of the situation of the Republic of Crimea in the context of economic constraints. The influence of sanctions on the functioning of the region's enterprises in various sectors is analyzed. The main anti-crisis measures implemented by enterprises to reduce the negative consequences of the restrictions and the development of the most promising areas of work are identified. The study also noted the important role of comprehensive government support for local businesses to build capacity and ensure the competitiveness of the Republic of Crimea. ; В данной статье рассмотрено экономическое содержание и особенности антикризисного управления в процессе деятельности предприятий, а также проведена оценка положения Республики Крым в условиях экономических ограничений. Проанализировано влияние санкций на функционирование предприятий региона в различных отраслях. Определены основные антикризисные меры, реализуемые предприятиями для снижения негативных последствий введенных ограничений и развития наиболее перспективных направлений работы. Также в исследовании отмечена важная роль всесторонней государственной поддержки местного бизнеса для наращивания потенциала и обеспечения конкурентоспособности Республики Крым.

The article describes the main trends in the development of new financial technologies (Fintech), identifies the reasons for their active penetration into the financial services sector , industry and governmental organizations . It provides a detailed analysis of various forecasts for the global development of Fintech , including attracting investment . The main Fintech components have been considered in this research: blockchain, cryptocurrency , digital money, neobanks and cyber security. The analysis of the world practice of Fintech regulation and standardization has been carried out. Special attention has been given to the issues related to the position of the Bank of Russia on new digital services; the importance of the blockchain technology in government and economy has been emphasised. The article reveals a new approach to the concept of "money" and describes a new level of financial technologies using virtual banks . The paper mentions relevant issues of cyber security development for the national payment system. The constraints faced by the development of financial technologies both globally and in Russia have been revealed. The authors show possible ways to overcome such constraints by means of training new financial and information technology specialists by leading universities. The objective of this research is to discover reasons for the rapid Fintech development under modern conditions: the area of its application ; the main problems and limitations arising from the actual use of new financial technologies in the Russian Federation. The article proves that the development of Fintech will require a fundamental change in the competencies of specialists in the field of finance, banks and business. ; В статье описываются основные тенденции развития новых финансовых технологий, выявляются причины их активного проникновения в сектор финансовых услуг, производственную сферу и государственные организации. Дается анализ различных прогнозов развития финтеха в мире, в том числе - привлечения инвестиций. Рассматриваются основные составляющие финтеха: блокчейн, криптовалюта, виртуальные деньги, необанк, кибербезопасность. Проводится анализ мировой практики регулирования и стандартизации сферы финтеха. Особое внимание уделено вопросам, связанным с формированием позиции Банка России в отношении услуг в цифровом формате, сделаны акценты на важности применения технологии блокчейн в государственном управлении и в экономике. Раскрыта суть изменения отношения к такому понятию, как «деньги», описаны финансовые технологии качественно нового уровня с применением виртуальных банков. Актуальны затронутые моменты развития механизмов экономической безопасности развития национальных платежных систем. Выявлены сдерживающие факторы, с которыми сталкивается развитие финансовых технологий в мире и в Российской Федерации. Показаны возможные пути преодоления посредством подготовки специалистов в области новых финансовых и информационных технологий ведущими вузами. Цель исследования - выявить причины столь быстрого развития финтеха в современных условиях: сферу его применения; основные проблемы и ограничения, возникающие в практическом использовании новых финансовых технологий в Российской Федерации. В статье доказывается, что развитие финтеха потребует принципиального изменения компетенций специалистов в области финансов, банков и бизнеса.

Kazakhstan is now widely regarded as a key player on world agricultural markets, with considerable export potential in the wheat, beef and dairy sectors. Based on unique farm-level data, we offer new insights into the constraints that hamper further economic growth and provide an assessment of the Kazakhstani government's agricultural development strategy. Most managers in the farm survey doubt that agricultural investments deliver a sufficiently reliable return required for credit funding and thus do not take loans. In the cattle sector, there are significant problems in year-round fodder supply. The value chains for beef and dairy are bifurcated into an import-dependent chain for industrially processed products serving urban consumers, and a local chain of raw products serving rural consumers and urban bazaars. The government's modernisation strategy focuses on providing subsidised capital, but underestimates the knowledge and incentive problems inherent to such measures. The government should rather provide impartial and reliable public services to the sector, ensuring that the weakest links in food chain development are identified and private entrepreneurs are incentivised to strengthen them. Our evidence suggests that a bundle of measures designed to improve the local institutional environment of agriculture is more important than massive state funding of certain production lines.

The author makes an attempt to generalize (combining, integrating) three linear programming problems known to the theory and practice of managing enterprises in the real sector of the economy. This refers to the «classic» production task, as well as the «organization of employment of means of production» and «placement of centers». The solution to the first problem is a vector of the number of final products produced, which is found taking into account resource constraints and the need to maximize profits. The second task is related to the placement of workers in pairs of different specialties on production lines, provided that none of the lines have duplicate profiles of workers. The third task is to select production points from a previously defined list of possible locations. An integrated goal setting that combines the three specified tasks (problems) into one complex production and transport task (problem) is relevant for any production organizations that intend to develop new markets and must optimize their production plans (for example, for enterprises of the timber processing industry that open new production facilities).
According to the author, the generalizing linear mixed-integer model can provide a solution to this complex problem and the optimization in question.

Четвертый технологический уклад и глобальные экологические риски ; Риторика ненависти представляет собой совокупность способов выражения нетерпимости либо дискриминации личности или группы на основании различных значимых признаков, одним из которых является возраст. Дискриминация на основании возраста обозначается понятием «эйджизм». Группами риска, как правило, являются молодые и пожилые люди. Можно выделить текстуальную и контекстуальную риторику ненависти, проявляемой в отношении молодых и пожилых. Противодействие эйджизму с использованием модели политкорректности в некоторых контекстах малоэффективно. Более предпочтительным представляется обращение к нравственным ограничениям высказываний о возрастных характеристиках личностей или групп в публичном пространстве. ; Статья подготовлена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ (17-03-00094) ; Hate speech is a set of ways of expressing intolerance or discrimination towards a person or a group on the basis of various significant features, one of which is age. Age discrimination is defined by the concept of "ageism." Risk groups, as a rule, are both young and old people. Thus textual and contextual variants of hate speech for young and old people can be distinguished. Countering ageism using the political correctness model is ineffective in some contexts. It seems preferable to appeal to the moral constraints of statements about the age characteristics of individuals or groups in public space.

This ar􀆟 cle is a review of the monograph by the Ukrainian poli􀆟 cal economist Viktor Nikolaevich Tarasevich The Theore􀆟 cal Dimension of Informa􀆟 onal and Digital Phenomena in the Economy, conducted in the form of a dialogue that makes it possible to evaluate the ideas presented in the monograph from various posi􀆟 ons and with the exercise of diff erent types of judgment. Due to the length constraints of a journal review the judgments expressed by the authors are extremely abstract and declara􀆟 ve; that is, they are presented in the rhythm of the Ukrainian folk dance, the hopak. In this way, the authors concentrate a􀆩 en􀆟 on on the specifi c nature of the views put forward by the author of the monograph. The dialogue form allows them not only to present an assessment of Tarasevich's ideas, but also to formulate the laws that govern the course of the energo-informa􀆟 onal processes that are specifi c to modern economic ac􀆟 vity. In the process, the authors take into account the change in the nature of work under the impact of digital technologies and the appearance of new forms of property, while also having regard to the new content of the interests of the economic subjects as actors in a mul􀆟 dimensional and mul􀆟 -level economic space.

This article analyses post-Soviet reforms in Russia, and treats them as an example of 'authoritarian modernization', which were implemented to achieve a high level of socioeconomic development by focusing on rapid economic growth while neglecting political democratization. It discusses the arguments in favour of authoritarian modernization as such, and the dilemmas, challenges, and constraints in its implementation which became evident during the period of 1990-2010s. A special emphasis is made on the poor quality of the Russian state against the background of its relatively low international integration. The rent-seeking nature of the state together with the formation and further entrenchment of an electorally authoritarian regime provide negative incentives for the implementation of authoritarian modernization. The article considers a number of contradictions associated with such a project in Russia, including some unintended consequences of the economic growth, including the growth of the demands for democratization, the disjuncture between ambitious policy reforms and their inept implementation by the state apparatus, and the 'mediocrity syndrome' resulting from unjustified claims of Russia's unique influence on the global scale. The article concludes that the features of Russia's current political and economic order impose insurmountably high barriers for the implementation of authoritarian modernization in terms of ideas, institutions, and policies, thereby exhausting the very potential of this project. ; Peer reviewed

The development of Russian-Georgian relations is determined by both long-term factors and situational circumstances. The former include disagreements between the two countries over security in Transcaucasia: the status of Abkhazia and South Ossetia and the attitude toward NATO activity in the region. Another persistent factor concerns the debate over interaction with Russia in Georgia's domestic politics. These factors limit the possibilities for expanding bilateral ties. Situational constraints include such phenomena as the COVID-19 pandemic or the domestic political crisis in Georgia after the 2020 parliamentary elections. Taken together, the longterm and situational factors set the general tone for bilateral relations, which are characterized by predictability and low dynamics. Despite the existing limitations, Russian-Georgian cooperation holds promise in areas of trade and societal contacts. ; Развитие российско-грузинских отношений определяется как долгосрочными факторами, так и конъюнктурными обстоятельствами. К первым относятся разногласия двух стран по безопасности в Закавказье: статусу Абхазии и Южной Осетии и отношению к активности НАТО в регионе. Устойчивый характер имеет и дискуссия по поводу взаимодействия с Россией в грузинской внутренней политикой. Эти факторы ограничивают возможности расширения двусторонних связей. К ограничителям ситуативного характера можно отнести такие явления, как пандемия COVID-19 или внутриполитический кризис в Грузии после парламентских выборов 2020 г. В совокупности долгосрочные и конъюнктурные факторы задают общий тон двусторонних отношений, которым свойственна предсказуемость и невысокая динамика. Несмотря на существующие ограничения перспективным представляется российско-грузинское сотрудничество в торгово-экономической и общественной сферах.

The article examines modern economic and integration processes in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in the context of opportunities and constraints to implement the foreign economic policy of Russia and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in the region. The results of the research revealed systemic problems of an economic and administrative nature, those are limiting economic cooperation to projects of a narrow group of state corporations and state companies, mainly in the field of foreign trade, energy and military-technical cooperation. The analysis and conclusions can be used in the framework of bilateral consultations on cooperation of ASEAN and the EAEU. However, such cooperation has priority for Russia and EAEU and it should be viewed as a positive trend. ; В статье рассматриваются современные экономические и интеграционные процессы в Ассоциации стран Юго-Восточной Азии (АСЕАН) в контексте возможностей и ограничений для реализации внешнеэкономической политики России и Евразийского экономического союза (ЕАЭС) в данном регионе. Результаты исследований выявили системные проблемы экономического и административного характера, из-за которых ЕАЭС и АСЕАН на данном этапе ограничивается проектами узкой группы госкорпораций и госкомпаний, работающих в основном в сфере внешней торговли, энергетики и военно-технического сотрудничества. Проведенный анализ и выводы могут быть использованы в рамках двусторонних консультаций по сближению между группировкой АСЕАН и ЕАЭС. Данное направление сотрудничества представляется приоритетным для России и Евразийского Союза, и его следует рассматривать как позитивный тренд.

The article reviewes general perception of the image of the state statistics in modern Russian society, that ensures the formation of official statistical information. The presented case studies show the strengths and weaknesses of the existing constraints and applicability of the statistics as a tool for learning. The author argues the position shared by many national statisticians that the modern role of statistics is under-recognized by the government, business and society in general, and that statistical literacy of the Russian population is quite weak. The author states his position on the directions for increasing public confidence in official statistics, the improvement of statistical education and modern culture of mutual understanding and cooperation mechanisms between statistical agencies and units of statistical observation, ensuring the formation of much demanded objective statistics. ; В статье рассматриваются проблемы восприятия современным российским обществом имиджа органов государственной статистики, обеспечивающих формирование официальной статистической информации. На конкретных примерах автор показывает сильные и слабые стороны, существующие ограничения и применимость статистики как инструмента познания. Аргументируется положение, разделяемое многими отечественными статистиками, о недостаточном осознании государством, бизнесом и обществом в целом современной роли статистики, о слабой статистической грамотности российского населения. Излагается авторская позиция о направлениях повышения доверия общества к официальной статистике, совершенствовании статистического образования и современной культуры взаимопонимания и механизма взаимодействия между статистическими органами и единицами статистического наблюдения, обеспечивающего формирование востребованной объективной статистики.

The present article is concerned with the nexus of masculinities and environment. The authors present their critical analyses of two configurations of masculinities the authors refer to as 'industrial/breadwinner' and 'ecomodern' masculinities that dominate politics worldwide. The authors stated their opinion on the fact that the first two configurations of masculinities are acutely but distinctly in conflict with the wellbeing of the planet. The paper presents an empirical and theoretical analysis of 'ecological masculinities', which considers the insights and limitations of masculinities studies, deep ecology, ecological feminism and feminist care theory. In this article, the authors focus their attention on the necessity of ecologisation of masculinities as well as on the need for men and masculinities to 'ecologise' relationally and create more caring encounters with self and others. In support of the need in a transition from hegemonisation to ecologisation, necessary configurations beyond the constraints of industrial/breadwinner and ecomodern masculinities are presented. The authors also argue that the potential to expose and resolve the anthropocentric discord between Earth, others and human beings is possible within the very constructs of manhood. The notion of ecological masculinities suggested in the article is a constructive response to the roles of men and masculine identities in the Anthropocene. The exit politics central to the notion of ecological masculinities represent a theoretical framework and plurality of practices reflective of a masculine ecologisation process. The authors encourage scholarly masculinities inquiries and practices towards broader, deeper and wider care for the 'glocal' (global and local) commons.