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ABSTRACTThe European Union (EU) is contemplating regulations requiring mandatory provision of nutritional information on food products. This study analyses consumers' valuation of nutritional information using data collected from a field survey. The results generally suggest that consumers value and are willing to pay about 5.9 percent of the original price for nutritional information on the food product we studied. Individuals who are non‐price‐sensitive, nutritionally knowledgeable and with longer time horizon are willing to pay more for nutritional information than others. Considering consumers' willingness to pay for nutritional information on food products and an EU impact assessment study, the costs of provision of this information are not prohibitive to firms. We estimate that the least conservative cost of labelling to the firm for a specific food product can be as much as €29,431, whereas the average economic value of nutrition information is estimated at €17,064. The firm can therefore recoup the associated costs in less than two months.

Objectives: To figure out how consumers responded to nutrition labeling through the frequency of using nutrition labeling, understandability of nutrition labeling, factors associated with the usage of nutrition labeling and the impact of different nutrition labeling formats. Methods: Relevant studies published between 1994 and 2012 were searched identified through Pubmed Database and China Journals Full-text Database which have investigated the responses of consumers to nutrition labeling. Results: Seventeen studies were selected finally to be included in this review. Eight papers described that over half of the participants would check nutrition labeling in supermarket. However, five of the papers provide evidence that consumers felt confused to read the nutrition labeling. Over half of the consumers responded to check nutrition labeling when shopping in supermarkets but the nutrition labeling was hard to understand totally specially the item about calories. Front-of pack (FOP) nutrition labeling is a popular formats of label among consumers. Four papers have made comparison between different formats of FOP and two of them provide evidence that multiple traffic-light label earn most reputation among consumers. Characteristics of consumers might influence nutrition labeling use and age, education level, BMI were positively associated with it. Conclusion: Further researches should be conducted to provide more evidence to improve or set up a relatively perfect nutrition labeling legislation which should play a greater role in public health. China is the next country where would implement the nutrition labeling legislation and FOP of nutrition labeling is a good option to be introduced to food manufactures and consumers. ; published_or_final_version ; Public Health ; Master ; Master of Public Health

Previous studies have demonstrated a correlation between diet cost and adherence to nutritional recommendations among consumers in general. This has adverse effects on diet and health inequality. It could be hypothesized that consumers knowledgeable in nutrition escape this correlation

In this article we look at the burden of disease due to poor diets in the European Union (EU), drawing on recent analyses of the Global Burden of Disease Study as a way of gauging EU consumers' actual, as opposed to perceived, health needs. Then we examine some findings of an EU-funded project with the overall aim of investigating the role of health-related claims and symbols in consumer behaviour (CLYMBOL). We look specifically at the CLYMBOL project's survey of the prevalence of health-related claims found on food packaging and at what such claims signal to consumers about their health needs. We find that the prevalence of different types of health-related claim bears little relationship to consumers' actual health needs. We conclude that the EU regulation on health and nutrition claims should pay more attention to the burden of disease due to poor diets in the EU, if it is to help protect the health of consumers.

This article discusses special considerations in the diet and nutrition of severely handicapped children. Nutritional needs are examined as they are affected by (1) specific handicapping conditions, (2) medications commonly used with severely handicapped children, (3) special diets, and (4) behavioral influences. The potential for interaction among these factors is discussed, and six guidelines are provided to help ensure improved nutrition for children with severely handicapping conditions.

Introduction and Aim: Studies show frequent use of nutrition claims and health claims in consumers' choice offood products. The aim of the present study was to investigate how consumers' thoughts about these claimsand food products are affected by various types of food-related experiences.Material and Methods: The data collection comprised 30 individual interviews among Swedish consumersaged 25 to 64 years.Results: The results indicated that participants who expressed special concern for their own and their families'health were eager to find out the meaning of concepts and statements made. A lack of understanding and lackof credibility of concepts and expressions often caused suspicion of the product. However, in some cases thiswas counterbalanced by confidence in manufacturers, retailers, and/or the Swedish food legislation.Discussion and Conclusion: To achieve effective written communication of food products' health-conduciveproperties on food labels, there is a need to consider the importance many consumers attach to understandingthe meaning of concepts and expressions used and the importance of credibility in certain expressions.Consumers' varying cognitive approaches are suggested as a basis for pre-tests of nutrition claims and healthclaims.

Nutrition labels are public health tools that provide information about nutritional content of ingredients present in the food products. The labels assist consumers to differentiate between alternatives and make informed choices regarding food products. This study is conducted in New Delhi, India to assess the consumer usage, understanding, and influence of nutrition labels while purchasing ultra‐processed food products. Mall intercept survey was carried out to collect the data from consumers with the help of a structured questionnaire. A total of 303 valid responses were collected and analyzed through descriptive statistics, Chi‐square test, and Fisher exact test. Findings of the study revealed that most of the consumers do read nutrition labels during purchase of ultra‐processed food products but its usage frequency is not up to the mark. Only about one third of the consumers read nutrition labels "always," whereas female consumers uses nutrition label more frequently than the male consumers. The most common reason for reading nutrition labels was to "eat healthy food" and "for dietary purpose", while lack of time, lack of interest, and difficult terminology were the most common reasons for not reading nutrition labels at the time of purchase of ultra‐processed food. It was also found in this study that those respondents who read nutrition labels regularly during purchasing, their buying decision gets influenced positively through nutrition label information. This study also indicates that there is a need to promote the benefits of reading nutrition labels among consumers of developing countries to facilitate healthy eating habits.

Intro -- ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, IMPACT ON PARTICIPATION IN NUTRITION ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS -- ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, IMPACT ON PARTICIPATION IN NUTRITION ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 HOW ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AFFECT PARTICIPATION IN USDA NUTRITION ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS -- ABSTRACT -- SUMMARY -- What Is the Issue? -- What Did the Study Find? -- How Was the Study Conducted? -- INTRODUCTION -- DATA AND METHODOLOGY -- SUPPLEMENTAL NUTRITION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (SNAP) -- SNAP SUMMARY -- SPECIAL SUPPLEMENTAL NUTRITION PROGRAM FOR WOMEN, INFANTS, AND CHILDREN (WIC) -- WIC Summary -- NATIONAL SCHOOL LUNCH PROGRAM (NSLP) -- NSLP Summary -- SCHOOL BREAKFAST PROGRAM (SBP) -- SBP Summary -- CHILD AND ADULT CARE FOOD PROGRAM (CACFP) -- CACFP Summary -- DISCUSSION -- APPENDIX A-SUPPLEMENTAL NUTRITION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM (SNAP) PARTICIPATION INFLUENCED BY ECONOMY AND POLICY: LITERATURE REVIEW -- APPENDIX B-TABLES ON ESTIMATED ANNUAL AVERAGE CHANGE IN NUTRITION ASSISTANCE PROGRAM PARTICIPATION -- APPENDIX C-CHILD AND ADULT CARE FOOD PROGRAM (CACFP) TOTAL PARTICIPATION -- REFERENCES -- End Notes -- End Notes for Appendix A -- End Notes for Appendix C -- Chapter 2 DOMESTIC FOOD ASSISTANCE: SUMMARY OF PROGRAMS* -- SUMMARY -- BACKGROUND -- Hunger and Food Insecurity -- Program Variation -- USDA-FNS PROGRAMS -- Farm Bill -- WIC and Child Nutrition Programs -- HHS-AOA PROGRAMS -- End Notes -- INDEX -- Blank Page

The paper presents the selected results of consumers' study of food products in Serbia. It focuses on the products with nutrition and health claims (NHCs) and the analysis of the main consumers' characteristics which influence their awareness and knowledge about NHCs, their attitudes toward products with NHC and their purchase intentions. Different socio-demographic factors that influence consumers' behavior were investigated. Education, gender, age and income of the respondents are the key factors which influence awareness, knowledge and consumption. As those products are closely related to consumers' health, we presented the results based on the differences in health status of the respondents. Main findings show that the respondents with health problems do not consume those products as often as others, which is the outcome of a low level of nutrition knowledge. This represents a major restraining factor for the increase in consumption. After identifying the characteristics of demand, we have suggested some proposals for managers, aimed at overcoming the identified problems, and for government institutions so as to obtain a proactive approach to improving the overall health of the population.