Suchergebnisse

It must be emphasized that short-term visits home, provided in the Republic of Lithuania Penal Code article 104, are a positive and necessary thing, with the view of proper convict re-socialization, however, the implementation of this right in practice is stuck. United Nations Organization and Council of Europe Committee of Ministers in their recommendations emphasize re-socialisation of the convicts with imprisonment as one of the most important aims of imprisonment. Successful re-socialization and proper integration of the convicts into society reduce the repetition of criminal offences. In the last part of the article the author analyzes the conditional release from correctional institutions. It should be noted that control of the prohibition to visit certain places for the people conditionally released from correctional institutions, causes problems in practice. Another aspect, due to which Lithuania is distinguished from other European Union countries, is the fact that for those, sentenced to life imprisonment, conditional release is not applied in Lithuania. It is possible to claim that this is not human, the punishment becomes absolute, there is no motivation system for the sentenced to life imprisonment; convicts re-socialization and integration into society does not exist.

It must be emphasized that short-term visits home, provided in the Republic of Lithuania Penal Code article 104, are a positive and necessary thing, with the view of proper convict re-socialization, however, the implementation of this right in practice is stuck. United Nations Organization and Council of Europe Committee of Ministers in their recommendations emphasize re-socialisation of the convicts with imprisonment as one of the most important aims of imprisonment. Successful re-socialization and proper integration of the convicts into society reduce the repetition of criminal offences. In the last part of the article the author analyzes the conditional release from correctional institutions. It should be noted that control of the prohibition to visit certain places for the people conditionally released from correctional institutions, causes problems in practice. Another aspect, due to which Lithuania is distinguished from other European Union countries, is the fact that for those, sentenced to life imprisonment, conditional release is not applied in Lithuania. It is possible to claim that this is not human, the punishment becomes absolute, there is no motivation system for the sentenced to life imprisonment; convicts re-socialization and integration into society does not exist.

In the space of one year, three books have appeared, illuminating each in their own way a subject that one could hold, wrongly, is strongly trite: penal servitude. Sixty years exactly after the prison doors will be closed and the last convicts have been repatriated on metropolitan ground, these three books, research of Jean-Lucien Sanchez on relegation and narratives of two convicts, Alexis Trinquet and Jacob law testify research opportunities that remain open in a field that already has academic work of reference. Adapted from the source document.

Policies and volume of goods produced at "labor camps for rehabilitation through work" or "laogai." Summaries in English and Spanish p. 455 and 469.

The article analyses the problematical aspects of custodial sentence in Lithuania. The author has chosen in his opinion, the most topical and arguable legal status issues of those convicted with imprisonment, that is, convicts' meetings with relatives or other persons, short-term visits at home, conditional release from correctional institutions. The first part of the article provides a discussion of the conditions of the convicted with custody in imprisonment institutions, since they make direct impact on the implementation of the right of the convicted. The author analyses regulation and implementation problems of the convicted with imprisonment meetings, short-term visits home and conditional release from correctional institutions, conformity of those institutes regulation in Lithuania with international standards for the convicts, makes suggestions about the improvement of the regulation. When analyzing the meeting procedures of those convicted with imprisonment with relatives or other persons, the author states that the number of meetings, provided in the Republic of Lithuania Penal Code Articles 73-74, is small, so the procedure of meetings should be reviewed. It must be emphasized that short-term visits home, provided in the Republic of Lithuania Penal Code article 104, are a positive and necessary thing, with the view of proper convict re-socialization, however, the implementation of this right in practice is stuck. United Nations Organization and Council of Europe Committee of Ministers in their recommendations emphasize re-socialisation of the convicts with imprisonment as one of the most important aims of imprisonment. Successful re-socialization and proper integration of the convicts into society reduce the repetition of criminal offences. In the last part of the article the author analyzes the conditional release from correctional institutions. It should be noted that control of the prohibition to visit certain places for the people conditionally released from correctional institutions, causes problems in practice. Another aspect, due to which Lithuania is distinguished from other European Union countries, is the fact that for those, sentenced to life imprisonment, conditional release is not applied in Lithuania. It is possible to claim that this is not human, the punishment becomes absolute, there is no motivation system for the sentenced to life imprisonment; convicts re-socialization and integration into society does not exist. ; Straipsnyje analizuojami laisvės atėmimo bausmės Lietuvoje probleminiai aspektai. Autorius pasirinko, jo nuomone, aktualiausius ir diskutuotinus nuteistųjų laisvės atėmimu teisinės padėties klausimus, tai yra nuteistųjų pasimatymus su giminaičiais ir kitais asmenimis, trumpalaikes išvykas į namus, lygtinį paleidimą iš pataisos įstaigų. Pirmoje straipsnio dalyje aptariamos nuteistųjų laisvės atėmimu laikymo sąlygos įkalinimo įstaigose, kadangi jos daro tiesioginį poveikį nuteistųjų teisių įgyvendinimui. Autorius analizuoja nuteistųjų laisvės atėmimu pasimatymų, trumpalaikių išvykų ir lygtinio paleidimo iš pataisos įstaigų reglamentacijos ir įgyvendinimo problemas, šių institutų reglamentavimo Lietuvoje atitiktį tarptautiniams standartams su įkalintais asmenimis, teikia pasiūlymus dėl reglamentacijos tobulinimo. Analizuodamas nuteistųjų laisvės atėmimu pasimatymų tvarką su giminaičiais ir kitais asmenimis, autorius konstatuoja, kad pasimatymų skaičius, numatytas Lietuvos Respublikos bausmių vykdymo kodekso 73–74 straipsniuose, yra mažas, tad pasimatymų tvarką reikėtų keisti. Pabrėžtina, kad Lietuvos Respublikos bausmių vykdymo kodekso 104 straipsnyje numatytos trumpalaikės išvykos į namus yra teigiamas ir būtinas dalykas, siekiant tinkamos nuteistųjų resocializacijos, tačiau šios teisės įgyvendinimas praktikoje stringa. Jungtinių Tautų Organizacijos ir Europos Tarybos Ministrų komiteto rekomendacijose kaip vienas iš svarbiausių įkalinimo tikslų akcentuojama nuteistųjų laisvės atėmimu resocializacija. Sėkminga resocializacija, tinkamas kalinių integravimas į visuomenę mažina nusikalstamų veikų pakartotinumą. Paskutinėje straipsnio dalyje autorius nagrinėja lygtinį paleidimą iš pataisos įstaigų. Pažymėtina, kad lygtinai paleistų iš pataisos įstaigos asmenų draudimo lankytis tam tikrose vietose kontroliavimas praktikoje sukelia problemų. Kitas aspektas, dėl kurio Lietuva išsiskiria iš kitų Europos Sąjungos valstybių, yra tai, kad Lietuvoje nuteistiesiems laisvės atėmimu iki gyvos galvos nėra taikomas lygtinis paleidimas. Galima teigti, kad tai nėra humaniška, bausmė tampa absoliuti, nėra motyvacijos sistemos nuteistiesiems laisvės atėmimu iki gyvos galvos, nuteistųjų resocializacijos ir integracijos į visuomenę tikslai tarsi ir neegzistuoja.

Based upon criminal trials, this paper explores the decline of death penalty (will be abolished in 1874) during the eighteenth century in the Republic of Geneva. Low rates of hangings reflected the decline of murders and other violent crimes. The arguments elaborated by various Attorney generals in charge of prosecuiting murderers and robbers revels a precocious reformism arguing for the rehabilitation of the convicts by their incarceration. A great part of the judicial reformism developped by Calvinist and enlightened Attorneys from the end of 1750's, foreshadows the modernization of penology which will take place at the beginning of the 19th century.

This research was conducted from 2005 to 2009 based on a study of the 222 disciplinary proceedings recorded at the registry of the Vesoul remand centre as well as on interviews with the convicts who were punished for transgressing the prison's bylaw. It aims at measuring the social effects of carceral discipline. As a number of researches are already devoted to the practical aspect of the carceral issue (such as penal policies or institutional organisation), it has seemed relevant to complete these approaches by looking into how the various actors in the carceral field (inmates, guardians, heads of staff) view the power relations as established in prison and how they view the shoe in particular, wich is seen here as the keystone of the carceral structure. A rhetorical analysis of the interviews of the inmates puts into light how the shoe is either tactically used or avoided. It highlights the inmates' ability to remain active in a context in wich the main stake is to keep and to broaden one's space of freedom. The contrast between the words of the inmates and the philosophy of the institution questions the ability of prison to deliver on the mission imparted to it by the legislator, i.e. to assist with the social rehabilitation of the incarcerated population. One can even wonder whether carceral discipline does not contribute to the consolidation of the criminal role of inmates through a system of labelling and stigmatization. The conclusions of this analysis grounded in decision theory lead the author to suggest new professional practices, made possible by the implementation of the European Prison Rules, to better match the security imperative and the necessary rehabilitation of convicts ; Conduite, de 2005 à 2009, à partir d'une étude des 222 procédures disciplinaires enregistrées au greffe de la maison d'arrêt de Vesoul et d'entretiens avec les détenus sanctionnés pour avoir transgressé le règlement intérieur de l'établissement, cette recherche a pour but de mesurer les effets sociaux de la discipline ...

Ambush on well-traveled roads is the preferred technique of road bandits operating for centuries on the roads of the Lake Chad Basin. Seemingly a historical pathology, rural banditry is related to survival strategies elaborated in extreme ecological and economic conditions. But it is also a means of negotiating modernity, or particular norms of spontaneous capital accumulation and the circulation of sophisticated weaponry. Acting as lords of the roads, the bandits benefit from the lack of banking infrastructures, the porosity of inter-state borders, and the inefficiencies of national security forces. Banditry in the Lake Chad Basin constitutes a system of production that mobilizes many categories of people, including ex-convicts, the impoverished, and patrons with social status. More than a problem of law and order, this trans-border criminality is one of the main facets of insecurity in the region. (Polit afr/DÜI)

Differing Truths. Historians and Prosecutors in the face of nazi Crimes This essays deals with the differences between the way prosecutors and historians research, recollect and judge : history. Using Bruno Streckenbach, former chief of the Gestapo in Hamburg, as a case in point, the it discusses their differing ways of formulating problems and differing practices. Public: prosecutors are bound by the criminal code; their task is to convict someone of an; individually-committed crime. Historians, on the other hand, are free to ask questions and do not have to prove their protagonists guilt. The aim of their , research is to explain the historical context. The actors in historians' narratives are dead, and hence unable to change the text being written about them, whereas the participants in a trial are . given an explicit opportunity to influence : the process of seeking the truth. On the prosecutors' side, the logic of argumentation is oral and theoretical - jurisdiction - on the other side, historians try to convince by writing a plausible scientific story - historiography. Their monological practice of argumentation is quite the opposite of the regulated, but multi-voiced, procedure of a trial.

Designing institutions to reconcile liberty & equality is a central goal of left-libertarians. This article discusses the likely consequences of Michael Otsuka's suggestion of making "the unjust" provide for "the disabled," should this prove the only way of securing equality for the latter. I argue that even in the kind of society envisaged by left-libertarians, forcing people to work, be they criminals or not, would be morally unacceptable & politically dangerous. Part of my argument hinges on fairness towards those being punished by society: for a variety of reasons, it would be unfair to make convicted criminals work for others. Other objections are based on the practical (but morally charged) problems involved in such an arrangement: by encouraging abuse & engendering social antagonism, it would partly defeat the purpose of the law & might distort the mechanisms that serve to implement the rule of law. The most important objection, however, is the likely stigmatization of those whose livelihood would depend on the forced labor of convicted criminals: hence putting convicts to work for the disabled would be unfair to the latter as well, for it would mar their status in society. Adapted from the source document.

This research was conducted from 2005 to 2009 based on a study of the 222 disciplinary proceedings recorded at the registry of the Vesoul remand centre as well as on interviews with the convicts who were punished for transgressing the prison's bylaw. It aims at measuring the social effects of carceral discipline. As a number of researches are already devoted to the practical aspect of the carceral issue (such as penal policies or institutional organisation), it has seemed relevant to complete these approaches by looking into how the various actors in the carceral field (inmates, guardians, heads of staff) view the power relations as established in prison and how they view the shoe in particular, wich is seen here as the keystone of the carceral structure. A rhetorical analysis of the interviews of the inmates puts into light how the shoe is either tactically used or avoided. It highlights the inmates' ability to remain active in a context in wich the main stake is to keep and to broaden one's space of freedom. The contrast between the words of the inmates and the philosophy of the institution questions the ability of prison to deliver on the mission imparted to it by the legislator, i.e. to assist with the social rehabilitation of the incarcerated population. One can even wonder whether carceral discipline does not contribute to the consolidation of the criminal role of inmates through a system of labelling and stigmatization. The conclusions of this analysis grounded in decision theory lead the author to suggest new professional practices, made possible by the implementation of the European Prison Rules, to better match the security imperative and the necessary rehabilitation of convicts ; Conduite, de 2005 à 2009, à partir d'une étude des 222 procédures disciplinaires enregistrées au greffe de la maison d'arrêt de Vesoul et d'entretiens avec les détenus sanctionnés pour avoir transgressé le règlement intérieur de l'établissement, cette recherche a pour but de mesurer les effets sociaux de la discipline pénitentiaire. De nombreuses travaux étant régulièrement consacrés aux aspects pratiques de la question carcérale (politiques pénales, organisation institutionnelle.), il nous est apparu pertinent de compléter ces approches par une attention portée aux représentations que les différents acteurs du champ pénitentiaire (détenus, personnels de surveillance et de direction…) ont des rapports d'autorité imposés dans les maisons d'arrêt et plus particulièrement du mitard, considéré comme la clef de voûte de l'édifice disciplinaire. Le classement des discours recueillis en « figures de rhétorique » met à jour les tactiques d'utilisation ou d'évitement du mitard par les personnes détenues ; il éclaire la capacité de ces dernières à demeurer acteurs dans un contexte où l'enjeu est de préserver et d'élargir sa marge de liberté. L'opposition constatée dans la majorité des cas entre les discours des détenus et les logiques institutionnelles interroge la prison dans la mise en œuvre de la mission que lui confère le législateur de participer à la réinsertion sociale de la population pénale : la discipline pénitentiaire, telle qu'elle est conçue, ne participe-t-elle pas au contraire, par un effet d'étiquetage et de stigmatisation, à consolider le rôle de déviants des détenus sanctionnés ? L'exploration d'autres pistes envisagées au terme de cette démarche praxéologique, conduit à proposer une pratique nouvelle, autorisée par la mise en œuvre des règles pénitentiaires européennes (RPE), au service d'une meilleure adéquation entre l'impératif sécuritaire et la nécessaire réinsertion des condamnés