This article presents the indings of the study focused on operation of research core facilities in foreign countries. The main aim of the research is to identify the most promising methods of raising the eiciency of research infrastructure, based on the study focused on operation of university core facilities in developed countries. The core facilities of the leading universities of the U. S., Germany, United Kingdom and France were selected for the study. The research focused on the human resource management, sources of funding and management tools applied in research core facilities. The results showed that research core facilities in developed countries experience the problems typical for their Russian peers: decreasing inancial support from the government, lack of highly qualiied researchers and managers and low marketing activity. As the national governments in most developed countries are cutting support for science, the quantity and quality of services provided to external users is growing dramatically. The article addresses various methods of cost reduction at research core facilities that are free of negative impact on service quality. The conclusion is drawn that adaptation of foreign experience in the Russian research core facilities will need, irst and foremost, to cultivate the employees' entrepreneurship consciousness and ability.
The article deals with the problems of industrial territorial organization in the world and Russia under the "core - periphery" concept. The study is currently important because of the lack of systematic works considering the position of countries and regions in the "core - periphery" structure and the need to elaborate a typology of regions for the purposes of industrial policy. The object of the study is the countries of the world and the regions of Russia, and the subject is the level of their industrial development. The purpose of the study is to suggest a typology of the countries of the world and the regions of Russia in the core-periphery structure of industrial space basing on the qualitative and quantitative methodology. The novelty of the study is the application of an evolutionary and multi-scale approach to the analysis of the distribution of industrial potential across the countries of the world and the subjects of the Russian Federation. The research methodology assumes a qualitative and quantitative procedure for differentiating countries and regions of Russia by industrial productivity, its share in GDP/GRP, the evolutionary stage of development (duration of the industrialization cycle) and geographical location. The main task is to check the operability of the "core - periphery" model in relation to the cycles of industrialization for the end-to-end typology of the countries of the world and the regions of Russia. Special emphasis is placed on the study of differences in industrial productivity under the influence of such geographical factors as the level of industrialization, the resource capacity of production, the scale and branch structure of industry. While analyzing industry at the country level, the emphasis is on the duration of the period of industrialization, the per capita volume of industrial production and the share of industry in GDP. Labor productivity was calculated for the regions of Russia, and the level of innovation activity was also considered. The position of a country or a region in the "core - periphery" system depends on the branch of specialization, the "age" of industry and the industrial policy of the state: the countries and regions that modernize existing funds faster or create new industries preserve their core position. Old industrial countries and regions are shifting into sub-periphery and periphery. The sub-periphery also includes industrial and agricultural regions with a high share of agriculture and small resource regions of Siberia and the Far East. The composition of the periphery is stable and includes the underdeveloped republics of the Caucasus and southern Siberia. The current results made it possible to compare the typology of countries and regions in the "core - periphery" system, while the final results could be used to adjust Russia's industrial policy.
The article presents approaches to enhance the eficiency of multi-user mode of access to research facilities, research methodologies and to scientiic and technical human resources in research and education organizations Core Shared Research Facility (CSRF), which integrate organization's methodological, human and material resources to provide R&D services, are considered as organizational forms of the multi-user mode of access. The article focuses on the approaches used by CSRF and their back-up organizations to compensate low demand for innovation from economic agents; lack of funds for scientiic equipment maintenance; in-house conlicts resulting from contradictions between a linear organizational structure and the project approach. The abovementioned problems are responsible for the decreasing effectiveness of Core research facilities while their resource capacity is growing. The "response" of CSRF to the problems consists in inding an exceptional market niche and in raising operational effectiveness. The irst CSRF competitiveness factor is based on the comprehensiveness of services achieved through integration of all the types of resources – up-to-date research methodologies, experience of scientiic and technical personnel, present-date equipment. A unique position against competitors and clients enables CSRF to carve out its' own niche in the sphere of intellectual services and to establish an association link between itself and successful solution of speciic R&D tasks. The second CSRF competitiveness factor, i. e. high operational effectiveness, is based on the optimization of general types of activities by means of inding new approaches to their execution, which relieve operational problems. The concluding part presents suggestions as to how to disseminate the examined approaches to the enhancing the eficiency of multi-user research facilities and the government support, and thus to transform CSRF into substantial entry points for engaging research organizations into innovation and manufacturing ...
The relevance of the formulated problems and proposed solutions in the report and further discussion is manifested by the assignment of the President of the Russian Federation V. V. Putin to design implementation arrangement tools for the long-term Strategy for Russia's Science and Technology Development by autumn 2016. In addition to the tool for implementation of research in priority areas of Russian Scientiic and Technological Complex development it is necessary to design relevant infrastructure. This brings forth a problem of eficient engagement of existing infrastructure assets into research activities and their capacity development in accordance with the existing scientiic tasks. Core facilities (abbreviated in Russian as CKP), which provide multiple access to scientiic equipment, research methods and expertise of employees of research and educational institutions for a wide range of interested parties, is one of infrastructure classes actively supported by the government. Effective public support of CKP and their orientation to external users allow to consider them as the second level infrastructure support to the research in priority areas of Russian Scientiic and Technological Complex development. As the irst level infrastructural support we consider infrastructure of a Centre of Excellence – the leading research institution in a priority area. To involve resources of research institutions into innovation processes by means of establishing CKP at their premises it is suggested to compensate CKP costs of servicing external users from the budget of Centre of Excellence, which is formed mainly from public funds. That is how the principle of multichannel funding is realized in connection with CKP, which is a strong incentive for research institutions to contribute to infrastructural support of research initiated by a Centre of Excellence. Implementation of the proposed 2-level system of infrastructural support to research means a wider understanding of CKP role in innovation processes, evolutionary ...
The publication continues the series of articles devoted to the analysis of approaches to data modeling and revealing their key technological features. The UN/CEFACT Core Component Library (CCL) is examined. CCL is positioned as a business semantics library, covering cross-border trade processes in the area of electronic messages for the procurement, transportation and payment procedures. Although initially the library was oriented towards the use of XML technologies, it is syntactically and technologically neutral and can serve as the basis for the interchange of messages in alternative formats, such as EDIFACT, JSON, etc. CCL is supported by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, with the participation of many government organizations and commercial companies. The article deals with the main entities that make up the CCL, and the relationships between them. ; Данная публикация продолжает цикл статей, посвященных анализу подходов к моделированию данных и выявлению их технологических особенностей. Рассмотрена Библиотека ключевых компонентов (CCL) СЕФАКТ ООН. CCLпозиционируется как библиотека бизнес-семантики, охватывающая процессы трансграничной торговли в части электронных сообщений для обеспечения процедур покупки, перевозки и оплаты. Хотя изначально библиотека была ориентирована на использование в среде технологий XML, она является синтаксически и технологически нейтральной и может служить основой для формирования сообщений в альтернативных форматах, таких, как EDIFACT, JSONи др. библиотека ключевых компонентов поддерживается Европейской экономической комиссией ООН (ЕЭК ООН) при участии многих правительственных организации и коммерческих компаний. В статье рассматриваются основные сущности, составляющие CCL, и отношения между ними.
The dominance of agglomerations in post-industrial economic development is a global trend due to the transition to a knowledge economy and the formation of consumer, compact cities. Production as such — agriculture, industry — goes to the periphery both in terms of their role in economy and in geographical terms. The main place is occupied by services: entertainment and ensuring high-quality reproduction of the population — healthcare and education. An essential condition for the successful development of peripheral locations is attainability of the core of agglomeration by a daily trip. Agglomerations are becoming virtually uncontested for ensuring relatively high general levels of labor productivity and quality of life for large masses of population. However, agglomerations also give rise to problems, the complex solution of which requires understanding of the new historic content of the traditional economic and geographical categories, such as central places, connectivity, geographical framework, relations between the center and the periphery. From a practical point of view, this should be reflected in federal programs for development of the largest agglomerations, which now present the only opportunity to quickly solve their most acute problems and realize their development potential, which will also be transferred to development of the regions adjacent to them. Federal support for development of agglomerations — the central places of regions, on the one hand is realistic in the prevailing conditions of centralized state finances and lack of local resources. On the other hand, unlike federal programs that disperse funds throughout the region, such support will contribute to the self-development of regions in accordance with the nature of their participation in the national and global economies, since the organic development of cities and territories within economic influence of the agglomeration is latter's natural function.
The article analyzes Russian academic sources and government documents with the focus on ethnic and national relations reveals their eclectic nature and the confusion in the use of terms. The article provides the authorial definition of the phenomenon "inter-ethnic relations", the main feature of which is the awareness of cross-cultural differences. The author proceeds from the differentiation of the concepts of "nation" and "ethnos" in the scientific tradition and public administration, as they have historically developed in different models — French and German. In world science, the differences between two types of imaginary communities are established: on the one hand — nations, as political communities that are associated with the idea of citizenship and popular sovereignty. And, on the other, ethnocultural communities that are defined nowadays with the help of such terms as "ethnos" or "ethaneе", "ethnic group", "ethnicity". The author traces the origins and evolution of the notion "nation" in Russia from the late 18-th to Soviet time inclusive. He also produces the typologization of ethnic processes concerning two fundamental varieties: dividing (vertical and horizontal conflicts) and unifying (convergence, merger, dissolution). The scholar carried out the research on the material embracing Russian history of the last two centuries based on the census and statistical data. The author describes key stages and specific features of assimilation processes in the world and Russia, its phases and cycles (acculturation, socialization, economic accommodation, self-identification of a full member of the host society). The paper illustrates the manifestations of dividing processes by the case of Russia and examines the sources of conflicts. The author identified three problem areas: socio-economic and socio-status inequality; changes in the ethno-demographic situation; ethno-language relations and problems. The author argues that the whole range of ethno-social and ethno-language issues in Russia is developing against the background of people's growing interest in ethnic identity. ; В статье анализируются российские научные источники и государственные документы, посвященные этническим и национальным отношениям, выявляются их эклектический характер и путаница в употреблении терминов. Предлагается авторское определение феномена «межэтнические отношения», в котором главным признаком становится осознание культурных различий. Автор отталкивается от разграничения понятий «нация» и «этнос» в научной традиции и государственном управлении, как они исторически сложились в разных моделях — французской и немецкой. В мировой науке закрепляются различия между двумя типами воображаемых сообществ: с одной стороны — нациями как политическими сообществами, связанными с идеей гражданства и народного суверенитета, а с другой стороны, с этнокультурными сообществами, определяемыми ныне с помощью таких терминов, как «этнос» или «этния» (ethaneе), «этническая группа» (ethnic group), «этничность» (ethnicity). Прослежены истоки и эволюция термина «нация» в России с конца XVIII в. по советское время включительно. Проведена типологизация этнических процессов относительно двух фундаментальных разновидностей: разделительных (вертикальные и горизонтальные конфликты) и объединительных (сближение, слияние, растворение). Исследование осуществлено на материале истории России последних двух веков, с опорой на данные переписей и статистики. Описаны основные этапы и особенности процессов ассимиляции в мире и в России, ее этапы и циклы (аккультурация, социализация, экономическая аккомодация, идентификация себя в качестве полноценного члена принимающего общества). Описаны проявления разделительных процессов на примере России, и исследованы истоки конфликтов. Выделены три основные проблемные сферы: социально-экономическое и социально-статусное неравенство; изменение этнодемографической ситуации; этноязыковые отношения и проблемы. Доказывается, что весь комплекс этносоциальных и этноязыковых проблем в России развертывается на фоне значительного подъема интереса людей к этнической идентичности.
Introduction. This article continues a series of publications (available at sie-journal.ru) about the results of monitoring the core shared research facilities (CSRF) and large-scale research facilities (LSRF) located in Russian organizations. We provide verified statistical data for 2019. 377 CSRF and 198 LSRF take an active role in monitoring. The results of the monitoring will be provided with the 2020 final report on the research work prepared with the financial support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation. Monitoring Tools. Statistical data was collected by the interviewing CSRF and LSRF representatives through forms stored on the ckp-rf.ru website. Results. The results are presented in tables and figures, providing comprehensive data about the capacities of CSRF and LSRF (amounts, costs and age of the equipment; facility personnel) as well as the usage data (quantity and types of users, utilization ratio, income for the benefit of users, number of publications and of intellectual property assets, operating costs). The results of monitoring for 2019 did not reveal nor positive nor negative trends in the development of CSRF and LSRF network. Key indicators – utilization ratio, number of users, number of publications and of intellectual property assets obtained with the use of research equipment – increased slightly. Conclusion. The results of monitoring can be used to analyze the Russian scientific infrastructure; to develop a programme of activities related to science and technology policy; to define infrastructure objects for financial support of the Government. ; For citation: Kalyuzhnyi KA. Capacities and Results of Monitoring of Core Shared Research Facilities and Large-Scale Research Facilities for 2019. Science Governance and Scientometrics. 2020;15(3):410-440. https://doi.org/10.33873/2686-6706.2020.15-3.410-440
The study task is to develop and substantiate the methodological approach toward assessing publication activities of Russian researchers in the RF regions based on Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus. The fundamental distinction of the proposed method from the existing ones is that it enables to eliminate over-estimation and under-estimation of publication activity figures. Besides, it enables to analyze all the regions at once rather than individual districts or territories. The study sustains inconsistency of the sci-tech landscape in different federal okrugs (regions) and, for several of them, lacking the correlation between the research results and available resources in the regions. The study findings would enable the government authorities to make administrative decisions at the federal and municipal levels. The study was accomplished out of the funds of the State Order of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation "Organizational, technological, research and methodological support and promotion of national journals to the international science citation databases; information and analytical support of the publicly funded subscription to international information resources in science for research and educational organizations". ; Цель представленного исследования – разработка и обоснование методического подхода к оценке публикационной активности российских исследователей по регионам Российской Федерации на основе данных Web of Science Core Collection и Scopus. Принципиальное отличие предложенного в статье методического подхода к оценке публикационной активности российских исследователей по регионам Российской Федерации от существующих состоит в устранении недостатков – завышения или занижения значений показателей публикационной активности, полученных ими. Кроме этого, предложенный подход позволяет анализировать все регионы страны в целом, а не отдельные области или регионы. Исследование подтверждает неравномерность научно-технологического ландшафта по федеральным округам и отсутствие в некоторых из них корреляции между результатами научной деятельности и имеющимися в регионе ресурсами. Результаты проведённой работы позволят государственным органам принимать необходимые управленческие решения на федеральном и муниципальном уровнях. Исследование выполнено за счёт средств государственного задания Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации «Организационно-техническое и научно-методическое сопровождение продвижения национальных журналов в международные базы научного цитирования и информационно-аналитическое обеспечение государственной подписки научных и образовательных организаций к международным информационным ресурсам в сфере науки».
В статье рассматриваются коренные ценности китайского социализма, выраженные с помощью мультимодальных метафор. ; The article deals with the topics studied rarely both in China and Russia. The main focus of the research of multimodal metaphors lies on the introduction to the theory of the problem. The scope of research covers the linguistic landscape in terms of reflection of the core values of the Chinese socialism. The material for practical analysis in this paper is constituted by park elements (trees) and posters in residential areas. The article summarizes and semantically analyzes 12 words and word combinations denoting Chinese socialist values, such as富强 (power of the country), 民主 (democracy), 文明 (civilization), 和谐 (harmony), 自由 (freedom), 平等 (equality), 公正 (justice), 法治 (rule of law), 爱国 (patriotism), 敬业 (dedication to work), 诚信 (good faith and sincerity) and 友善 (friendship). They reflect the core values on three levels - official, social and civil.
In the article the authors share their view on the basic issues of Russian ideological policy in terms of creation and further development of the Eurasian Economic Union. The article briefly describes such ideological trends as nationalism, religious fundamentalism, fascism, Soviet socialism and liberal democracy. The authors conclude that it is necessary to justify the Eurasian integration as an ideological basis for the post-Soviet space.
