Based on an analysis of the scientific literature and anti-corruption legislation, the article reveals the characteristic features of corruption in education: the sphere of existence, the specifics of subjects of corruption in education, features of corruption goals, types of corruption are classified for various reasons (depending on the type of educational organizations that implement the main educational programs). At the end of the article, the author's definition of corruption in education is proposed, which is understood as a negative social and legal phenomenon existing in public relations in the field of education and consisting in the unlawful use of official position, status of participants in relations in the field of education in order to derive benefits of a tangible or intangible nature.
The article deals with the stages of historical development and formation of compliance control in the world practice. The importance of the compliance service in the public service system is also emphasized. The mechanisms of compliance control in the fight against corruption are listed. The author substantiates the effectiveness of implementing the compliance system in companies with a state share. The article discusses the difficulties of implementing compliance control, and therefore suggests the feasibility of analyzing the accumulated experience of foreign countries in the field of legislation. Based on the practice of mechanisms developed by foreign countries, it is proposed to adapt them to the domestic process of implementing this Institute in institutions.
The article studies determination of corruption-related crimes in health care system. Authors state that health care has become one of three most corrupted spheres recently. Despite the fact that during last four years there has been two-fold increase of federal budget expenditures on health care the quality of medical treatment has not improved. Health care budget funds are often spent for purposes other than that intended and citizens have to pay for those medical services that have to be free of charge. Authors analysed official statistics on corruption in health care system (statistics from General Prosecutor Office, Investigation Committee, Supreme Court of the Russian Federation) along with data received from Russian Public Opinion Research Center. The article defines reasons and conditions of corruption-related crimes committed in health care system. Authors analyse general circumstances that provoke the crimes in question. Those are negative aspects of changes in economical and socio political systems of Russian society; ideological and social psychologic factors; organizational reasons and circumstances; problems in law-enforcement agencies' activity; lacks of legislation regulations. The article provides with characteristics of circumstances that directly conduce corrution-related crimes in health care system. Authors study main reasons for corruption crime latency in health care. Special attention is paid to features of victimity and victimization of analysed crimes' victims. Authors give some practical recommendations that constitute methodological support for preventing corruption crimes in health care system.
This article is devoted to corruption's impact on the functioning of political institutions. In the author's opinion, political corruption leads to informal institutionalization and degradation of political institutions. The author concludes that public control can prevent political corruption.Key words: the political corruption, conflict of interests, formal and informal institutions, political process. ; Статья посвящена проблеме влияния коррупции на деятельность политических институтов. По мнению автора, политическая коррупция неизбежно приводит к неформальной институционализации, а значит, к деградации государственных институтов. Автор делает вывод о том, что контроль со стороны гражданского общества, совершенствование механизмов подотчетности власти могут предотвращать и сдерживать проявления политической коррупции.Ключевые слова: политическая коррупция, конфликт интересов, формальные и неформальные институты, политический процесс.
В работе авторами всесторонне изучаются преступления коррупционной направленности, совершаемые на территории Российской Федерации, а также рассматривается вопрос об условиях, порождающих данный вид преступности, и методах борьбы с ними на уровне исполнительной и законодательной власти. ; In work authors comprehensively study the crimes of corruption orientation committed in the territory of the Russian Federation, and also the question of the conditions generating this type of crime and methods of fight against them at the level of Executive and legislative power is considered
In this article, the specifics of bribery qualification are examined, special attention is paid to the ways of bribery and countering bribery at the legislative level. In practice, the problem also lies in the fact that sometimes the object of a bribe - money (in most cases) - does not reach the official, and the crime is stopped at the stage of its receipt by the intermediary. In conclusion, the author comes to the conclusion that, in spite of the fact that at present the legislative base in the field of combating corruption has been formed in the Russian Federation, appropriate legislative, economic, organizational, political and informational measures have been adopted aimed at state regulation of legal relations in this area, protection of society and the state from corruption manifestations, problems are still preserved.
This article is devoted to the problem of corruption in the public procurement system. The main purpose of the article is to develop possible directions of their elimination on the basis of the revealed features of corruption manifestation. The article defines the object of corruption as a set of financial resources serving financial relations associated with the procurement for state and municipal needs, and the procurement of goods, works and services by individual legal entities. During the period under review, there was an increase in the number of contracts concluded. The bulk of public procurement was conducted by means of electronic auction and procurement from a single supplier. Features of manifestation of corruption in the sphere of public procurement are revealed: criminal conspiracy, bribery, underestimation of the price of the contract, corruption cybercrime. The study of the dynamics of the detected offences in 2016 and 2017, showed an increase of 2.5 times the number of crimes committed for a total of 118.4 billion rubles. The article substantiates the need to expand the systematic approach to combating corruption by including measures of social and psychological impact. In this connection, a systematic approach to combating corruption in public procurement involves a set of legal, economic, political, as well as socio-psychological measures that have both tactical and strategic action of anti-corruption orientation. The main measures implemented to improve the efficiency of anti-corruption in public procurement are revealed. The set of anti-corruption measures considered in the article is presented as a single complex aimed at curbing the growth rate of crime in public procurement.
в статье проанализировано текущее состояние изучения института антикоррупционной экспертизы ; рассмотрены недостаточно урегулированные законодательством вопросы в этой сфере. Авторы отмечают ; что системная работа по совершенствованию нормативного и методического обеспечения антикоррупционной экспертизы в настоящее время должна стать одним из самых приоритетных направлений деятельности органов государственной власти. ; the current state of the study of the institute of anti-corruption expertise is analyzed in the article ; insufficiently regulated issues in the legislation in this area are considered. The authors note that systematic work to improve the normative and methodological support of anti-corruption expertise should now become one of the top priorities of the government.
The list of corruption criminal offenses is enshrined in the note to Article 45 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. At the same time, most scholars draw attention to the inconsistency of this list with the concepts of "corruption" and "corruption offense" defined in the Law of Ukraine "On Corruption Prevention". The use of exhaustive lists in the texts of regulations serves their legal certainty, but these lists make the relevant rule inflexible. The purpose of this article is to establish the expediency of enshrining the list of corruption offenses in the Criminal Code of Ukraine and to make specific proposals for solving the problems, caused with such legislative method. Recognition of a certain offense as corrupt, depending on its formal inclusion in a certain list, is a rather vulnerable decision. This makes it possible to constantly change such a list without rethinking the content and signs of corruption defined in the law. In addition, this approach opens up opportunities for voluntarism in drafting and significantly limits judicial discretion in criminal proceedings. In particular, it makes impossible taking into account the specific circumstances of a criminal offense when assessing its public danger. The practice of applying criminal procedure legislation to whistleblowers also demonstrates the erroneousness of the chosen approach to the definition of the term "whistleblower". In order to solve these problems, the authors proposed to enshrine the concept of corruption criminal offense in the Criminal Code of Ukraine as an offense, that contains signs of corruption, defined in the law, to clarify the concept of corruption in the Law of Ukraine "On Corruption Prevention", to determine in the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine that the whistleblower is a person on whose application or notification a pre-trial investigation of a corruption criminal offense has been initiated.
Abstract: higher education is an essential element in developing a country?s innovative potential, and this has been recognised as such by politicians and those who work in the industry. However, one of the blights of contemporary Russian society, corruption threatens the potential of the next generation. Corruption has permeated all levels of society, including the education sector. It is having a profound effect and is replicating the physical and psychological conditions. This article details the scale and nature of corruption in higher education in Russia, and offers some insight into the various proposals that seek to change the situation for the better.
In article the attempt of introduction to the domestic anti-corruption legislation of a concept of force majeure is analyzed. Results of a comparative and legal research of restrictions and bans testify to an imbalance of structural and system components in the organization of counteraction to abuses in public service. Criticizing «a commercial paradigm» of corruption, the author comes to a conclusion about the contradictory nature of legal support of personnel work on corruption prevention
Проблема коррупции сопровождается развитием человеческой цивилизации на всех стадиях уже не одно столетие. Коррупция сегодня присуща любому современному государству без исключения. В современном мире, в том числе и России, коррупция приобрела не сравнимые с любым предшествующим периодом размеры. Масштабы коррупции, сферы ее распространения и характер последствий, с одной стороны, оказывают существенное влияние на состояние, развитие и безопасность той или иной экономической системы, с другой– служат объективным индикатором благополучия общественной системы и ее безопасности. Сегодня есть все основания утверждать о наличии взаимопроникновения коррупции и экономики, и в большей степени все виды экономических отношений стали учитывать фактор коррупции. Произошла экономизация коррупции, представляющая собой серьезную угрозу национальной безопасности государства, его социальным и экономическим институтам, хозяйственным субъектам, предпринимательству и бизнесу, являющимся основными элементами рыночного экономики. Рассмотрению обозначенных проблем и посвящена статья. ; The problem of corruption is connected with development of a human civilization at all stages more than one century. Today corruption is inherent for any modern Government without an exception. In the modern world including Russia, corruption has got sizes uncomparable with any previous period. Corruption, scales the sphere of its distribution and the character of its consequences on the one hand, make essential impact on a condition, development and safety of any economic system, on the another– serve as the objective indicator of wellbeing of public system and its safety. Today there are all reasons to prove about existence of overlapping of corruption and economy, and all types of the economic relations in its greatest extend to consider a corruption factor. There happened the ekonomizatsiya of corruption which have to be consider the serious threat to national security, to its social and economic institutes, economic subjects, entrepreneurship and the business, being basic elements of the market economy. Article also is devoted to consideration of designated articles.
The subject. The central element in combating corruption is punitive practice. The whole history of mankind testifies that corruption can be restrained only by effective application of criminal punishment.The purpose of the article is to show the practice of assigning criminal punishment for cor-ruption crimes of various kinds.The description of methodology. The authors use the conception criminally-legal response. The following characteristics of the criminal-legal response are distinguished: lack of response; very weak response – the number of convicts does not exceed 10; weak response – the num-ber of convicts is calculated within a few dozen people; adequate response – the number of convicts and penalties correspond to the criminological characteristics of a group of crimes; intensive reaction – the norm is realized in conditions of the possibility of ensuring the inevi-tability of punishment; punitive response – the norm is applied on the basis of the "letter, not the spirit" of the law; reflexive response – the appointment of punishment to privileged crim-inals in conditions of increased public attention; protest reaction – judicial practice comes into conflict with ill-conceived legislative novels.The main results and scope of their application. The practice of imposing punishment for corruption crimes in the following spheres is ana-lyzed: electoral; public service; commercial-service relations; of justice.Conclusions. Punitive practice in relation to persons convicted of corruption crimes in gen-eral is characterized by exceptional humanism. As the main penalties the penalty is leading (50.1%), in the second place – suspended imprisonment (24.1%). Real deprivation of liberty applies only to the seventh part of corrupt officials (14.7%). For comparison: according to art. 158 "Theft" in 2016 was sentenced to imprisonment twice as many criminals – 30,3%. This ratio indicates an underestimation of the public danger of corruption crime and actu-ally disavows the proclaimed thesis that corruption is a systemic threat to national security. ; Рассматривается наказуемость в ее практическом измерении как центральная часть борьбы с коррупцией. Для ее эффективного исследования предлагается использова-ние оригинальной концепции уголовно-правового реагирования. На основании ана-лиза судебной статистики делается вывод о неудовлетворительном состоянии уго-ловно-правового реагирования на коррупционные преступления по многим параметрам.
Статья посвящена рассмотрению коррупции как особого вида социально-экономических отношений. Предпринят анализ широкого распространения практики коррупции в международном предпринимательстве, при этом особый акцент делается на исследовании феномена деловой коррупции в России, ее специфических чертах и причинах распространения. Подчеркивается доминирующая роль внутрикорпоративной коррупции по сравнению с внешними ее разновидностями в России. Анализируются наиболее успешные антикоррупционные стратегии в контексте взаимоотношений бизнеса с государством. Оценивается масштаб и степень экономического влияния деловой коррупции на международные деловые операции и возможности перехода России на инновационный путь развития. ; The article is devoted to research on corruption as a special kind of social economic relationship. The author made an analysis of business corruption expansion in international entrepreneurship and brought into focus a special place of the phenomenon of business corruption in Russia, its distinct characteristics and causes of the spread. The dominant role of domestic business corruption in comparison with its external types in Russia is given special emphasis in the article. The most successful anti-corruption business strategies within the context of business and government relations are analyzed. The article examines the scale and degree of economic impact of business corruption on international business activity in Russia and the country's ability to switch to innovative development.
The article studies the metaphorical nature of the term "corruption" and represents a review of metaphors used for interpretation of the phenomenon of corruption in different historical epochs and in the modern political reality of Russia. The research is based on the analysis of modern mass-media texts of the period between 2000 and 2014 («Komsomolskaya Pravda», «Nauka i Zhizn», «Ekho», etc.). ; В данной статье эксплицируется метафорическая природа термина «коррупция», а также представляется обзор метафор, участвующих в осмыслении феномена коррупции в разные исторические эпохи и в современной политической действительности России. Материалом исследования являются современные тексты СМИ в период 2000-2014 гг. («Комсомольская правда», «Наука и жизнь», «Эхо» и т.д.).
