The article explores the court fees related to the execution of court orders, which are addressed to the competent authorities of foreign states in civil cases with a foreign element. The Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine does not state that the costs associated with the execution of court orders, addressed to the competent authorities of foreign states, are court fees. Therefore, the questions on which of the above fees can be attributed to the courts fees and the procedure for their reimbursement are raised. The importance of clarifying these issues requires the application of the uniform approaches to such cases consideration in Ukrainian courts. It is determined as the main purpose of this article. The case-law shows that in most cases where a court needs to apply to a competent authority of a foreign state, the person concerned must pay for the certified translation of the statement of claim and the attached documents into the official language of the requested state and pay for service of documents. In our conclusions, we propose to divide the court fees associated with the execution of court orders addressed to the competent authorities of foreign states, depending on the procedural actions that are being carried out, and to include the fees associated with the execution of court orders addressed to the competent authorities of foreign states, to the fees associated with the case, namely to the fees associated with other procedural acts necessary to the case consideration or to prepare for its consideration, which will ensure the right of the interested party to reimburse such fees in future.
The article analyzes the process of juvenile offenders children's protection in the UK. The current structure of social protection of orphans and children deprived of parental care in the UK has three levels: state, regional, local. Between them are close interrelationship in solving the problems of children. The child is protected from birth until they reach adulthood and enter the adult life, getting social security, psychological and legal support from various agencies. Although each part of the United Kingdom (England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland) has differences in terms of legislative and organizational structure - they follow a single strategy - providing care and support to orphans and children deprived of parental care. Their work aims to provide effective social protection of such population. The author offers the stages of courts procedures in different parts of Great Britain and gives the differences of every. The features of the process and stages of children's hearings in Scotland are suggested in the article. The author highlights the role and function of children's courts, punishment of children of this category, as well as the factors that determine the place of juvenile offenders punishment.
The article considers and analyzes in detail the sources of the European Union aimed at ensuring equal and fair treatment of women and men. Such as Convention on the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, International Covenant on Civil and Political Right, Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, European Social Charter. The authors determined that currently in the European Union there is no single approach to the definition of "discrimination", due to the lack of a basic unified source of law, this issue is regulated by both the EU's own acts and well-known international acts. Also, due to the increasing popularity of feminist movements, men experience violations and restrictions in their social and economic rights. Therefore, a study of the decisions of the most influential judicial bodies of the European Union was conducted to establish a common understanding of the concept of "gender discrimination". Ukraine has ratified these international conventions on human rights protection and recognizes their decisions as part of the national legislation of Ukraine.Ukraine has ratified the Convention and its Protocols, as the first part of the Law of Ukraine "On Ratification of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of 1950, First Protocol and Protocols № 2, 4, 7 and 11 to the Convention" explicitly states that Ukraine fully recognizes "The effect in its territory of Article 46 of the Convention on the recognition and binding without special agreement of the jurisdiction of the Court of Human Rights in all matters concerning the interpretation and application of the Convention. "There is an obligation not only to enforce judgments of the European Court against the country, but also to apply the Convention and the case law of the European Court of Justice as a source of law. Therefore, the consideration of the cases mentioned in the article is important for the judiciary and the protection of human ...
The scientific article is devoted to the videoconferencing in court proceedings by international law and the law of some European Union countries. The videoconferencing definition, the right to justice protection on the main international legal sources about the trial regulation and human rights to justice protection bases are studied, the procedural stages of court hearings by videoconference are analyzed. Carrying out comparative legal research at our country present stage legal transformation and development, especially related to the emergence of new, modern legal relations, is primarily due to the need to receive international and foreign experience and, consequently, improve current national legislation. It has been established, that the latest technologies introduction in the judicial process at the national and international levels has both advantages and disadvantages and is closely related to the protection and implementation of the right to justice. Normative legal acts about the right to justice consolidation are primary regarding the right of participants in court proceedings to participate in it by videoconference. The attractive side of conducting court hearings online includes: the availability of litigation for all participants, regardless of their location, saving time and money, compliance with legal requirements for the duration of litigation, and so on. Despite the general legal consolidation of the possibility of holding videoconferences in Ukraine and the EU, the procedural features of the rights and obligations of participants in such proceedings remain unclear, as well as unspecified issues regarding the application of different types of technical equipment depending on the conditions of video calls, the possibility of holding meetings outside the court in emergency conditions, etc.
The article addresses Ukrainian legislation that governs hearing economic cases with a foreign element. Relevant statutes in the realm have been analyzed. The algorithm for determining the applicable legislation is investigated. The main drawbacks of the laws in force are spotlighted and the ways for further improvement are envisaged. The author identifies the main risks business entities can encounter when a case involving foreign element is litigated. The grounds for consideration by commercial courts of Ukraine of cases with a foreign element are investigated. The author notices that the case law on these issues is inconsistent. Among the vexed questions related to the category of economic cases at hand, the following deserve special attention: determination of jurisdiction of the case; determination of the applicable law; features of proof; recognition and enforcement of court decisions abroad. The author concludes that the choice of a foreign court or law should be conscious and clearly motivated, as this is very important for judicial protection. The attention is focused on the complicated interaction between international and national law when economic dispute involving foreign element is considered by the court. The modern tendencies of judicial practice in this sphere are discovered. The typical procedural errors of the parties to a dispute are summarized and the problems of law enforcement are covered. The author analyses effective legal methods for considering a dispute on the basis of Ukraine legislation. The article contains recommendations for courts on learning the content and interpretation of foreign law for the purpose of its application in cases involving foreign element. The application of the institute of contractual jurisdiction in commercial cases with a foreign element is investigated. The author provides practical recommendations to business entities in order to effectively protect their rights in court. The author concluded that litigants should take an active part in the process of ...
The article explores the activities of the European Court of Human Rights. In recent years, many papers have been published on the issue of defining the "standard of proof" and its implementation in national law. The content of the concept of "standard of proof" is explained in the article. Its nature is revealed. Its features are identified and constituent parts of this concept are provided. Its interdependence with the concept of "inner conviction" is substantiated. Criteria for establishing an 'standard of proof' are provided, such as: - the existence of a body that sets these 'standards'; - fixing certain requirements for the content of a certain "standard" in legislative acts; - compliance with these "standards" by other bodies, etc.; - punishment for failing to comply with the requirements of "standards". The activities of the European Court of Human Rights are analyzed. The basic principles of its activity are noted, which include: General principles: -the principle of the rule of law; - the principle of legality; - the principle of justice; - the principle of proportionality of intervention. Special principles include the following: - the principle of "least common denominator"; - the principle that there are no barriers to the inadmissibility of evidence or a pre-determined formula for evaluating it "; - the principle of proportionality; - the principle of discretion; - the principle of additionality; - the principle of effectiveness of the Convention; - the principle of autonomous understanding. It argues that it is impossible to speak of "standards of proof" in the European Court of Human Rights. Such concepts as "beyond reasonable doubt", "equality of arms", "weighing of opposing interests", "evaluation of the fairness of the process as a whole" the author reveals through the case law of the ECtHR, namely " Abu Zubaydah v. Lithuania"," Gäfgen v. Germany "," Imbrioscia v. Germany Switzerland "," Magee v. Switzerland the United Kingdom ». In addition, the content of these decisions is disclosed in ...
Following the 2017 reform the civil litigation has been significantly changed. The action proceedings, inter alia, have been divided into general and simplified procedures. Therefore, the role of the court in determining the procedure for of the case consideration is decisive, since the law does not impose the obligation to apply to the court in a specific procedure but stipulates respective court power and criteria for its implementation.
Thus, the case may be heard in the general proceedings or in a simplified procedure, which provides for the possibility of a court hearing or without such a hearing, in accordance with the grounds and criteria laid down in Article 11, Parts 4 and 6 of the Article 274, Parts 1 and 2 of the Article 277, as well as Part 6 of Article 279 of the Civil Procedural Code of Ukraine, the common only approaches of which have not yet been achieved in practice. Therefore, the object of attention of the author is the problems of differentiation and determination by courts of specific grounds for consideration of civil cases according to the general or simplified procedure of action proceedings, as well as the appointment of a court session,
based on the analysis of first instances courts decisions, adopted during 2018-2019 and available for the research on the website of the Unified State Registry of Judgments.
As a result, the problematic issues that have arisen in the jurisprudence, in particular, regarding the decisive role of the court in choosing the civil case procedure have been identified and the relevant solutions have been proposed. The role of the court is to determine whether there are grounds for a simplified procedure, whether there are no grounds for a mandatory general procedure for this case consideration, as well as an assessment of the merits and motivation of the plaintiff's and defendant's motions for choosing the procedure for this case consideration, in particular, as it is defined in Article 11 of the Civil Procedural Code of Ukraine. Exercising the abovementioned powers, the court must first of all
proceed with the goals of civil justice and its general principles as well as Article 19 of the Civil Procedural Code of Ukraine.
The article deals with the structure of the court decision in an administrative case. The author defines the concept of a court decision as an act of justice and a procedural document, which has a separated structure form, and may not coincide with the content of the judgment as an act of justice. The act of judgment judiciary has ternary structure consists of subject and grounds maintenance. Court decision as a procedural document which is the external form of the act of justice expression consists of four elements: introduction, narrative, reasoning and the operative parts. The author defines the characteristic requirements of the relevant parts of judgments in the administrative process and proposes necessary amendments to the legislation.The introduction of court decision performs the function of the judicial act and allows us to establish when and where particular dispute between the parties was resolved and which was the subject of the dispute. Narrative of a court decision performs the information function, that enables both persons involved in the case, and a higher court without investigation of the case to form a general opinion on the composition and amount of the alleged claim, their reason and justification related to the claim of defendant, amount of researched evidence. The reasoning part of the court decision is intended to provide certainty and objective expression of the true circumstances of the case, point to evidence that these circumstances are confirmed and applied to the circumstances relevant legal provisions. In the reasoning of the court decision stated the law and regulations - regulations on which defined the rights and obligations of the parties and disputed legal and procedural rules of law which the court was guided by established facts of the case and the rights and obligations of the parties. The act of the resolution contains authoritative court order regarding claims, comprising an opinion to satisfy or refuse them, and the court applied the type (method) judicial protection of rights or legally protected interest by solving existent disputes between the parties on the merits. The content of the resolution part can provide basic and optional elements. The main elements are : a) to satisfy administrative action or refuse it; b) to make a court decision on the merits; c) a court order by the distribution of court costs. As optional elements, depending on the specific subject of a court command and ways of its implementation to the resolution of the court may be included : timing and execution of the order; court command that a judgment must be enforced. In addition, the resolution contains court judgments, including the procedure and time of appeal. ; Досліджено структуру судового рішення в адміністративній справі. Визначено поняття судового рішення як акту правосуддя та процесуального документа та доведено самостійність структури форми, яка може не збігатися зі змістом судового рішення як акту правосуддя. Як акт судової влади судове рішення має трикомпонентну структуру і складається з предмета, підстави та змісту. Судове рішення – процесуальний документ, який є зовнішньою формою виразу акту судової влади, складається із чотирьох елементів: вступної, описової, мотивувальної та резолютивної частин. Охарактеризовано вимоги до відповідних частин судових рішень в адміністративному процесі та запропоновано відповідні зміни до законодавства.
The article defines the concept of political responsibility, has revealed the peculiarities of the dissenting opinion of the judges of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine in the context of political responsibility. Substantiated the necessity of a dissenting opinion of a judge in constitutional legal proceedings. Analyzed the validity, reason and practice making dissenting opinions by judges of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine. ; У статті визначено поняття політичної відповідальності. Розкрито особливості окремої думки судді Конституційного Суду України в контексті політичної відповідальності. Обґрунтовано необхідність окремої думки судді у конституційному судочинстві. Проаналізовано юридичну силу, причини та практику винесення окремих думок суддями Конституційного Суду України.
Стаття присвячена дослідженню правової природи судового збору. Враховуючи функції, які він виконує, автор пропонує під ним розуміти платіж до бюджету, який здійснюється на виконання специфічних публічно-правового та процесуального зобов'язань, у зв'язку з реалізацією особою права на звернення до суду за судовим захистом або у зв'язку з ухваленням щодо такої особи рішення, передбаченого Законом України «Про судовий збір». Сплата судового збору має тягнути за собою здійснення правосуддя з метою захисту прав, свобод чи інтересів його платника. ; Статья посвящена исследованию правовой природы судебного сбора. Учитывая функции, которые он выполняет, автор предлагает под ним понимать платеж в бюджет, осуществляемый для выполнения специфических публично-правового и процессуального обязательств, в связи с реализацией лицом права на обращения в суд за судебной защитой или с вынесением в отношении такого лица решения, предусмотренного Законом Украины «О судебном сборе». Уплата судебного сбора влечет за собой осуществление правосудия с целью защиты прав, свобод и интересов его плательщика. ; In the article the author attempts to determine court fee legal nature He comes from that court fee is included in the composition of court costs. Consequently these concepts are correlated as part and unit. Thus part adopts signs characteristic from unit, saving the feature. Court costs are statutory expenses (monetary resources) of parties, other persons participating in the case, born by them in connection with it consideration and permission, and in case of their exemption are expenses of the state that it carries in connection with permission of certain case. They perform two functions: compensation to the participants of process their expenses related to consideration of the case, and stopping from illegal and unconscientious judicial behavior.The author comes from that court fee is not the type of state duty, as these payments have different purviews. Court fee is paid only at an appeal to the court, and state duties - to another unjudicial organs. In addition, in the national legislation since 1 January 2006 both payments are examined as national taxes and collections.Legal nature of court fee it is suggested to determine taking into account those functions that it executes. Firstly, due to court fee the special fund of the state budget is filled up. Its facilities go to financing the functioning of the judicial system. A person, paying it, executes his public obligation. Secondly, the payment of court fee prevents illegal judicial behavior, stimulates parties to the extra-judicial settlement of dispute. Paying court fee a person discharges duties, envisaged by a procedural legislation. It is suggested to understand court fee as a payment to the budget that is realized for specific public and procedural obligations fulfillment due to person's realization of his access to court for the legal defense right or due to person's court decree according to Law of Ukraine "About Court fee", the payment of which should entail some legally significant actions on this person as a receipt of "special benefit". The last mentioned should appear during writ, application, claim examination and appropriate court decision taking by results, that is in judicature for the purpose of person's rights, interests and freedoms protection.
Стаття присвячена дослідженню правової природи судового збору. Враховуючи функції, які він виконує, автор пропонує під ним розуміти платіж до бюджету, який здійснюється на виконання специфічних публічно-правового та процесуального зобов'язань, у зв'язку з реалізацією особою права на звернення до суду за судовим захистом або у зв'язку з ухваленням щодо такої особи рішення, передбаченого Законом України «Про судовий збір». Сплата судового збору має тягнути за собою здійснення правосуддя з метою захисту прав, свобод чи інтересів його платника. ; Статья посвящена исследованию правовой природы судебного сбора. Учитывая функции, которые он выполняет, автор предлагает под ним понимать платеж в бюджет, осуществляемый для выполнения специфических публично-правового и процессуального обязательств, в связи с реализацией лицом права на обращения в суд за судебной защитой или с вынесением в отношении такого лица решения, предусмотренного Законом Украины «О судебном сборе». Уплата судебного сбора влечет за собой осуществление правосудия с целью защиты прав, свобод и интересов его плательщика. ; In the article the author attempts to determine court fee legal nature He comes from that court fee is included in the composition of court costs. Consequently these concepts are correlated as part and unit. Thus part adopts signs characteristic from unit, saving the feature. Court costs are statutory expenses (monetary resources) of parties, other persons participating in the case, born by them in connection with it consideration and permission, and in case of their exemption are expenses of the state that it carries in connection with permission of certain case. They perform two functions: compensation to the participants of process their expenses related to consideration of the case, and stopping from illegal and unconscientious judicial behavior.The author comes from that court fee is not the type of state duty, as these payments have different purviews. Court fee is paid only at an appeal to the court, and state duties - to another unjudicial organs. In addition, in the national legislation since 1 January 2006 both payments are examined as national taxes and collections.Legal nature of court fee it is suggested to determine taking into account those functions that it executes. Firstly, due to court fee the special fund of the state budget is filled up. Its facilities go to financing the functioning of the judicial system. A person, paying it, executes his public obligation. Secondly, the payment of court fee prevents illegal judicial behavior, stimulates parties to the extra-judicial settlement of dispute. Paying court fee a person discharges duties, envisaged by a procedural legislation. It is suggested to understand court fee as a payment to the budget that is realized for specific public and procedural obligations fulfillment due to person's realization of his access to court for the legal defense right or due to person's court decree according to Law of Ukraine "About Court fee", the payment of which should entail some legally significant actions on this person as a receipt of "special benefit". The last mentioned should appear during writ, application, claim examination and appropriate court decision taking by results, that is in judicature for the purpose of person's rights, interests and freedoms protection.
The scientific article analyzes the provisions of the current legislation in terms of the implementation of the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine and the current Law of Ukraine "On Civil Service" provisions concerning the determination of the status of employees of the court apparatus. The provisions of the new and promising legislation on the civil service, the provisions of the Law of Ukraine "On Judiciary and the Status of Judges" are considered in the context of the regularity and determination of the status of employees of the court apparatus. The peculiarities of organization of work, subordination and financial security of court staff are investigated. The administrative and legal status of the head of the court apparatus is a set of his / her powers, obligations, rights and duties to organize the provision of conditions for judges to carry out justice, to organize material, technical, security and other security functions in court. The administrative and legal status of an assistant judge is the totality of his / her powers, tasks, obligations and rights to assist the judge in the preparation of court cases, the execution of other legal orders of the judge and the head of the court apparatus in combination with professional restrictions and special disciplinary responsibility. The legal status of a civil servant in the judiciary is regarded as a set of statutory functions, powers, rights and obligations, legal restrictions, ethical standards in conjunction with the grounds and order of their official legal personality, as well as legal responsibility in the analyzed and. The importance of these issues is due to the fact that civil servants of the judicial system are under a number of obligations in the field of public policy, the main purpose of which is to ensure justice, namely the legal protection of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of individuals and legal entities, since the fight for justice is taking place now, in almost all fundamental spheres of life of society. Prevention of violations and termination of violations of citizens' rights and freedoms, as well as their restoration is an important relevant factor that will help to shape the legal consciousness of citizens. ; У науковій статті аналізуються положення чин-ного законодавства в частині реалізації закріплених Конституцією України та Законом України «Про дер-жавну службу» положень, що стосуються визначен-ня статусу працівників апарату суду. Розглядаються положення нового та перспективного законодавства про державну службу, положення Закону України «Про судоустрій і статус суддів» у контексті урегульо-ваності та визначеності статусу працівників апарату суду. Досліджено особливості організації роботи, під-порядкування та фінансової забезпеченості працівни-ків апарату суду. Адміністративно-правовий статус керівника апа-рату суду – це сукупність його повноважень, зобов'я-зань, прав та обов'язків щодо організації забезпечення суддям умов для здійснення судочинства, організації матеріальних, технічних, охоронних та інших забезпе-чувальних функцій у суді. Адміністративно-правовий статус помічника судді – це сукупність його повнова-жень, завдань, зобов'язань і прав щодо допомоги судді в підготовці судових справ до розгляду, виконання ін-ших законних доручень судді і керівника апарату суду в поєднанні з професійними обмеженнями та спеціаль-ною дисциплінарною відповідальністю. Правовий статус державного службовця в судовій системі розглядається як сукупність встановлених законодавчими нормами функцій, повноважень, прав і обов'язків, правових обмежень, етичних стандартів в сукупності з підставами, порядком виникнення їх-ньої службової правосуб'єктності та юридичної відпові-дальності в аналізованій сфері. Важливість зазначеної проблеми зумовлена тим, що на державних службовців судової системи покладено низку зобов'язань у сфері державної політики, основна мета яких – забезпечен-ня справедливості, а саме правового захисту прав, сво-бод і законних інтересів фізичних і юридичних осіб, адже боротьба за справедливість нині відбувається майже в усіх основоположних сферах життєдіяльнос-ті суспільства. Запобігання порушенням і припинення порушень прав і свобод громадян, а також їх відновлен-ня є важливим актуальним чинником, який допоможе у формуванні правової свідомості громадян.
