Suchergebnisse

Se le trasformazioni sociali in atto tendono a esasperare il senso di incertezza, sradicamento ed individualismo, sussistono pratiche che si contrappongono alle tendenze dominanti, finalizzate a ricucire i legami sociali su scala locale. La progettazione urbano-architettonica interiorizza il nuovo bisogno di comunità originando soluzioni abitative tese a favorire gli scambi informali fra vicini, facendo leva sul concetto di capitale sociale, attaccamento al quartiere, identità del luogo e partecipazione. La casa, simbolo di stabilità e sicurezza ma anche di privacy, privatismo familiare, diventa sempre più oggetto di studi, domanda sociale e intervento politico. Soprattutto è sempre più intesa come un nodo di relazioni familiari in una rete di relazioni sociali più ampie. Casa e quartiere incidono nella esperienza di benessere e socialità familiare? In che modo gli spazi urbani e architettonici influenzano la coesione sociale? Quale il ruolo degli abitanti nello sviluppare socialità e integrazione? Sono queste le domande che ci siamo posti per rilevare le dinamiche sociali e culturali dell'abitare attraverso uno studio di caso condotto in due quartieri simili. Dalla ricerca emerge come il significato della casa non sia univoco ma cambi rispetto al ciclo di vita familiare e a quello economico e ciò incide nella partecipazione alle attività di quartiere. Mostriamo inoltre come lo spazio fisico costruito crea importanti opportunità per gli scambi informali e per il benessere familiare e individuale dei bambini ma che, il contesto sociale sia una discriminate fondamentale. Nel quartiere dove è presente una organizzazione di abitanti il numero delle relazioni di vicinato aumenta, cambiano anche la qualità delle relazioni e le distanze fisiche fra i vicini. Emerge inoltre che la reciprocità è il principale strumento di costruzione della coesione comunitaria interna e crea un atteggiamento di apertura e fiducia che va al di là dei confini di quartiere. ; The current social changes enhance the uncertainty, displacement and individualism perception, but at the same time, some practices contrast with the dominant trend. These practices are aimed to create local social ties. For instance, the urban-architectural planning is embodying the growing need for community, developing housing solutions aimed to increase informal neighbors exchanges. So it relies on the terms of social capital, neighborhood attachment, place identity, participation. Home, the symbol of stability and safety, but also, privacy and familiar privatism, increasingly becomes the object of sociological studies, social question and policy action. It is increasingly understood as a node within widest networks of household relationships. In which extent home and neighbourhood community affect to the family well-being and sociability? In which extent the urban-architectural spaces impact on social cohesion levels? What is the role of inhabitants in developing sociability and integration? Starting from these research questions, we explore the social and cultural dynamics of inhabiting, using a case study in two similar planned neighbourhoods. The research findings highlight that the meaning of home is not unique but it changes in function of the family life cycle and economic status. So, the meanings of the home are linked with the neighborhood activities' participation. The findings show that the physic built space creates important chances for informal exchanges, family and children well-being but, also that, the social context is the determinant of the social benefits. Comparing the neighborhoods, the one in which a inhabitants association is present, the number of neighbor relations and the physic distances between them increase, as well as the quality of relations between neighbors improves. Furthermore, it seems that the reciprocity is the principal mean about the constitution of the internal community cohesion and it also creates an openness and trust attitude that goes beyond the neighbourhood boundaries.

The essay studies the construction of the concept of jurist in Emilio Betti as an organic representative of society. He is not a political representative, with or without mandate constraint, nor a legal representative, who transfers interests and relates them. The organic representative is a longa manus, an authoritative extension of the best of society. Its authority, disregarding political power, can reconcile the interests at stake, say the law with the sentence, rebalancing social imbalances, which can also be caused by the laws themselves. The function of social rebalancing combined with equity understood not only as formal but substantial justice makes Betti's theoretical tension a methodological tool possible for all the sciences of knowledge and also for the associated life in the footsteps of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethichs, Politics and Rhetoric. The decision-making choice of the jurist emerges as one of the most relevant legal issues of our time, that of due process. Its necessary solution, both on the level of the legislation of each state, and on the level of all the individual narratives of each procedural event, can find solid references in Betti's Romanesque studies, starting from those on the seven Kings of Rome, up to those on the Roman praetor. It makes possible to distinguish the gnoseological and thoughtful decision-making of the jurist from that which puts an end to the state of exception of the politician theorized by Carl Schmitt. And it also makes allows to distinguish a logic based on a broad ethical and cultural vision of society, from a logic emptied of deontology and based only on syllogistic argumentation, in which the means can replaces the end. ; L'articolo studia la costruzione concettuale del giurista in Emilio Betti come un rappresentante organico della società. Non è un rappresentante politico, con o senza vincolo di mandato, né un rappresentante legale, che trasferisce interessi e li relaziona. Il rappresentante organico è una longa manus, un'estensione autorevole del meglio della società. La sua autorevolezza, disinteressandosi del potere politico, può contemperare gli interessi in gioco, dire il diritto con la sentenza, riequilibrando gli squilibri sociali, provocati anche dalle stesse leggi. La funzione di riequilibrio sociale, capace di coniugarsi con l'equità, nella potenzialità di quest'ultima di porsi non solo come giustizia formale, ma sostanziale, è ciò che rende capace la tensione teoretica bettiana di divenire strumento metodologico possibile per tutte le scienze del sapere, ma anche per la vita associata, sulle orme dell'Etica nicomachea, della Politica e della Retorica di Aristotele. La scelta decisionale del giurista emerge come una delle più rilevanti questioni giuridiche del nostro tempo, quella del giusto processo. La sua soluzione necessaria, sia sul piano della legislazione di ciascuno stato, sia sul piano di tutte le singole narrazioni di ciascuna vicenda processuale, può trovare riferimenti solidi negli studi romanistici di Betti, a partire da quelli sui Sette Re di Roma, fino a giungere a quelli sul Pretore romano. Permette di distinguere il decisionismo gnoseologico e ponderato del giurista da quello che mette fine allo stato d'eccezione del politico, teorizzato da Carl Schmitt. E permette anche di distinguere una logica fondata su una visione etica e culturale ampia della società, da una logica svuotata di deontologia e fondata soltanto sull'argomentazione sillogistica, nella quale il mezzo può sostituire il fine.

For the first time, many decades after World War II or at least after the fall of the Berlin wall, the matter of democracy received traits of an anthropological and bringing up matter. It is conductive to carry out a full-scale and sincere analysis concerning its aims. The upbringing of the human kind which was a great theme of the seventeenth-century education, becomes a challenge which concerns the foundation of the humanity and asks consciences. The use of education as the factor of the social discrimination made a stand to all revolutions of modern times, and even became a decisive element in the process of secularizing of a society. Beginning from the XVII century rulers and countries, took the place of the Church. In reality, the Churched had the monopoly over education till that time, and in a special way of the high intellectual formation.It is not accidental that the Catholic Church is calling for new humanism today. The humanism which would be able to free man from increase of false humanistic ideology. The Catholic Church is able to face, using also scientific knowledge, the problem of human existence and defence creation. Today Christians should testify, individually and together, that the Church has reached new consciousness when it comes to the value of democracy in the areas which concern creating of people and their critical spirit, and also their abilities to cling to Gospel always in a new way, and with relation to cultures and values which are often opposed to each other. "Meritocracy" as a social temptation is radically different from the democracy of the merit which aims is to build the idea of life. The idea is worth living for because it is democratic. ; For the first time, many decades after World War II or at least after the fall of the Berlin wall, the matter of democracy received traits of an anthropological and bringing up matter. It is conductive to carry out a full-scale and sincere analysis concerning its aims. The upbringing of the human kind which was a great theme of the ...

The present article aims to analyze the ethical perspective of the Capability Approach in its main elements, highlighting however those aspects that are closer to the field of social education that make the approach to skills not only an ethical theory but also a perspective with pedagogical elements hidden. We will start with an introduction to the position of the approach to capabilities, ie an approach that is declined in terms of social and economic justice with a harsh criticism of the neoliberal view of the free market and the failure to achieve a welfare society for all as well as the Twentieth century had promised. The Capability Approach, in fact, starts from an important critique of the economic-financial dimension, arriving at the heart of the problem: the now global fact of economic hegemony over all other institutional and social dimensionssuch as politics, culture, school up to the very nature of human being reduced to being a purely calculating and economic nature. The theory of capacities, on the other hand, while not affirming the elimination of the economic sphere, asserts that institutions should not be dominated by economic logics but must consider the human being in its anthropological richness and fullness. In fact, individuals do not act only for utilitarian ends and happiness itself can not be reduced to the possession of material goods. The human being is much more than a homo oeconomicus and therefore institutions must return to looking at happiness and human well-being as omnilateral and multidimensional respecting the inviolable dignity of each to reach their idea of happiness or good sight. As we can well understand in the Capability there are many elements that are linked to the educational discourse because if justice means to put everyone in the real possibility of doing and being what he wants, expressing his substantial freedom then education, which as Freire says, it is never neutral, it has the social responsibility to guarantee spaces in which to cultivate capacity and ...

L'attuale emergenza abitativa per le classi meno abbienti e le esperienze degli ultimi sessant'anni maturate in Italia per l'Edilizia Residenziale Pubblica impongono nuove riflessioni sull'abitare. L'elevato costo per il risanamento e la rifunzionalizzazione dei quartieri di E.R.P., l'assenza di servizi che li ha trasformati in quartieri dormitorio, ci portano a ripensare nuovi ambiti urbani come luoghi dotati di senso e d'identità in cui prevedere spazi di relazione e servizi di vicinato. Inoltre, le dinamiche sociali, economiche e politiche degli ultimi anni hanno modificato non solo i modi di vita, ma anche la tipologia di utenti finali, sempre più sensibili alla qualità del prodotto e alle questioni ambientali. Il presente contributo descrive alcuni principi da cui partire per un nuovo Social Housing. - The present housing emergency for those who are less well-off and the experiences of Edilizia Residenziale Pubblica (lit. Public Residential Construction), undergone over the last sixty years in Italy, have brought about new lines of thought with regard to places to live. The high cost of renewal and re-functionalization of the E.R.P. areas, the absence of services, which have transformed them into dormitory suburbs, have led us to rethink new urban environments as places possessing a sense of identity, in which to provide communal services and spaces for neighborly relations. Moreover, the social, economic and political dynamics of the last few years have modified not only life-styles, but also the typology of householder, ever more sensitive to the quality of product and environmental issues. This contribution discusses several principles as a point of departure for a new Social Housing.

Il presente lavoro si prefigge di indagare come la produzione normativa comunitaria abbia influenzato il diritto penale nazionale fino a delineare i tratti di un diritto penale di matrice europea. Ai fini dell'individuazione dei rapporti intercorrenti tra i due sistemi, è stata prescelta come chiave di lettura trasversale la materia ambientale: accanto al meccanismo di influenza riflessa, è da ravvisare come proprio in tale ambito si sia sviluppata l'evoluzione di un possibile diritto penale europeo e, dunque, di una esplicita influenza dell'ordinamento sovrannazionale nelle scelte di criminalizzazione nazionali. The present work aims at investigating how the Community legislation has influenced the national criminal law to the point of delineating the features of a criminal law of European origin. In order to identify the relationship between the two systems, the environmental has been chosen as the cross-reading key: in addition to the mechanism of reflected influence, it is precisely in this area that a European criminal law has been developed and, therefore, an explicit influence of the supranational legal order in the domestic choices of criminalization has been implemented. ; In Chapter I, after having briefly analyzed the concept of environment, the steps of the gradual recognition of a still limited punitive power of the European Union are retraced. More specifically we explore: firstly the various forms of influence that the supranational legislation exerts on the Italian criminal justice system, with particular regard to the so called "triadic conflicts"; secondly the ruling of the Court of Justice, 13 September 2005, Case C-176/03, where it is stated the Community legislative competence in criminal matters, including the possibility of an express request for criminal protection by means of directives; subsequently, the Directive 2008/99/EC of 19 November 2008 on the protection of the environment through criminal law, which, by requiring Member States to introduce into their national criminal systems some criminal offenses so to enforce more effectively the environmental protection, can been seen as the synthesis between the expansionist pressures from the European Commission and the conservative ones from the Council, as well as also a place of mediation among the different models of indictment in force in the various national systems, providing a minimum common denominator of protection of supranational source;then, the changes introduced by the Legislative Decree of 7 July 2011 n. 121, that transposes the Directive in question, and, lastly, the characteristics of the environmental crime and some issues related to the technique of indictment adopted.

A juridical characterization of the famous Italian Social Republic (the Republic of Salò), created by B. Mussolini in the last years of World War II, from a constitutional perspective. This portrait seeks to explain the normative system that this regime was able to build. It seeks to highlight how power was organized, with the typical distinction between State and Government; what institutions hatched from it and what were its most relevant legal products. ; El trabajo propone una caracterización jurídica, desde la perspectiva constitucional, de la célebre República Social Italiana (la República de Salò), creada por B. Mussolini en los últimos años de la II Guerra Mundial, al mismo tiempo que busca explicar el sistema normativo que dicho régimen fue capaz de alumbrar. Se busca poner de relieve cómo se organizó el poder, con la distinción típica entre Estado y Gobierno, qué instituciones eclosionaron y cuáles fueron sus productos jurídicos más relevantes.

The starting year of what the WHO declared the "Decade of Healthy Ageing" is also the year that because of the spread of Covid19 is highlighting part of the vulnerabilities of the elderly. Therefore, at a time when the protection of the elderly is drawn to attention, it is inevitable to turn our gaze to those digital innovations that exist in support of the elderly. The thesis, in fact, aims to give an overview of the phenomenon of aging and above all to show examples of digital innovations that allow to transform what appears more and more as a challenge for governments in healthy and active aging opportunities. Fully aware of the breadth and complexity of the topic, the thesis aims to explore some of the challenges that the application of ICT entails, including the adaptability of digital tools to the cognitive schemes of the elderly.