Suchergebnisse

Duties and that, in any profession exists to some extent by the guild system, and is determined partly by public opinion, including the professions, the medical profession, for one, is a certain moral teachings, that public morality different, and in general, higher and deeper it is, the medical profession, as one of the most important jobs in all communities has been popular, and even save the lives of patients who are known, so that a heavy responsibility towards the people and society, so that legislators, not just medical ethics, public safety and physical and mental health, individual rights, and restore order and social peace, the rules governing criminal responsibility of doctors, have predicted. Doctors, their actions, their criminal liability according to law, and if the violation or abuse of their jobs, are guaranteed. In this study, the fundamental principles of criminal responsibility, physicians are interested desired, so that, in addition to criminal liability, police liability, for whom it is intended. The former Penal Code, 1991, at the General Debate, which was referred to the medical procedures, the Penal Code, adopted in 2013, was repeated in the same way, the discussion of the term, the criminal responsibility of a physician, is recognized as the best in debate provided, and the furtherance of abortion, the physician's responsibility to have stabilized, as well as articles 495 onwards, civic responsibility and liability doctors perform screening may be causing damage to recognized that these issues in this study is investigated.

The article deals with certain problems arising out of implementation of criminal liability of legal entities in Ukraine. The author researches experience of criminal liability of legal entities in some foreign countries and analyzes existing problems of this institute. Foreign and national approaches to criminal liability of legal entities have been compared. The issue of incompliance between international standards in criminal law and traditional approaches to the main institutes of criminal law in Ukraine has been considered. The article deals with theoretical and practical application of criminal liability against legal entities. Grounds for criminal liability and types of punishment which can be applied to legal entities and their future implementation in Ukraine have been emphasized. It has been established that economic imfluence is the most effective against legal entities. That is why the most common type of sanctions for legal entities is fine. Implementation of criminal liability of legal entities in foreign legislation was a significant step towards counteraction to illegal activities of these entities. Foreign experience is useful and efficient for future implementation of European integration of Ukraine and attempts to solve existing problems related to bringing of legal entities to liability. At the same time, it would be possible to use experience of the state which implemented the most effective mechanisms of impact on legal entities for corruption and other crimes. For national legislation this step is really revolutionary. But if the legislator is interested that this institute operates effectively certain amendments and supplements to the Criminal Code of Ukraine are needed.

Despite many years of discussion by scientists and practitioners, the issue of juvenile criminal liability remains relevant today. In the criminal legislation of the Soviet period, the peculiarities of the criminal responsibility of minors were regulated not by an independent institution, but by separate norms of various institutions of Criminal Law (chapters on crime, on punishment, on sentencing and on release from punishment, on compulsory medical and educational measures). With the adoption in 1996 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the regulation of juvenile criminal liability changed both in form and in content, which led to the appearance in the criminal law doctrine of heated discussions concerning the validity of certain legislative decisions. They have not stopped to this day. The article examines the effectiveness of measures of criminal law impact on juvenile criminals, proves the need to reduce the age of criminal responsibility for certain types of crimes, as well as the need to expand the application of criminal penalties not related to imprisonment to adolescents.

In modern conditions of development of public relations complication of activity of law enforcement agencies is observed. This is due to new challenges in the law enforcement system, including the fight against high levels of the organization and the criminal professionalism of corrupt individuals. Because of this, it is challenging for operational units to identify specific facts of illegal actions with the help of operational and investigative measures. At the same time, the fight against crime by establishing high quantitative indicators of disclosure remains one of the principles of law enforcement in Ukraine, including sometimes deviating from those means established by law. Therefore, the problem of provoking bribery is relevant for scholars of the legislator and law enforcement. The object of the study is criminal liability for provoking bribery. The research methodology consists of such methods as the dialectical method, analytical method, historical method, method of analysis of legal documents, articles, and monographs, method of generalization, comparison, synthesis, and modeling method. The authors identified the features of such liability to clarify the problematic issues of qualification of provoking bribery, and to distinguish the distinctive features of prosecution from other types of crimes.

1. Containing corporate crime : civil or criminal controls? / Celia Wells -- 2. A legal person's conscience : philosophical underpinnings of corporate criminal liability / Ana-Maria Pascal -- 3. The challenges of regulating powerful economic actors / Laureen Snider and Steven Bittle -- 4. State complicity in the production of corporate crime / Steve Tombs -- 5. Penalising corporate 'culture' : the key to safer corporate activity? / Rick Sarre -- 6. The organizational component in corporate crime / Maurice Punch -- 7. Individual liability of company officers / Neil Foster -- 8. Squaring the circle : the relationship between individual and organizational liability / James Gobert -- 9. Environmental offending, regulation and 'the legislative balancing act' / Nigel South -- 10. Investigating safety crimes in Finland / Anne Alvesalo-Kuusi -- 11. Political autonomy, accountability and efficiency in the prosecution of serious white-collar crimes / Michael Levi -- 12. Austria / Ingrid Mitgutsch -- 13. Belgium / Melanie Ramkissoon -- 14. Denmark / Ana-Maria Pascal -- 15. Estonia / Ana-Maria Pascal -- 16. Finland / James Gobert -- 17. France / Pascal Beauvais -- 18. Ireland / Edward Fitzgerald -- 19. Italy / Cristina de Maglie -- 20. Lithuania / Deividas Soloveicikas -- 21. Luxembourg / Ana-Maria Pascal and Janis Dillon -- 22. The Netherlands / Melanie Ramkissoon -- 23. Poland / Ana-Maria Pascal -- 24. Portugal / Ana-Maria Pascal and Melanie Ramkissoon -- 25. Romania / Ana-Maria Pascal -- 26. Slovenia / Janis Dillon -- 27. Spain / Melanie Rankissoon -- 28. UK / James Gobert -- 29. Czech Republic / Melanie Ramkissoon -- 30. Germany / Klaus Rogall -- 31. Sweden / Ana-Maria Pascal.