Suchergebnisse

At the beginning of the 20th century the Mordovian villages in the Fedorovsky district of the Bashkortostan Republic were characterized by the maximum growth rates and population density among settlements with another ethnic structure of the population. During the 20th century, the average population of Mordovian villages in the district decreased by 79%, and many of the settlements disappeared. High rates of depopulation of Mordovian villages within zone with favorable agro-climatic conditions have no analogues among villages with another ethnic structure of the population. The article provides a geographical analysis of a rapid growth of the Mordvins ethnic area in the 18-19th centuries and its reduction in the 20th century. Specific features of the development of Mordovian villages influenced by natural conditions (attraction to water sources and forest areas), the "periphery of settlement", the peculiarities of the economic structure (gardening) and dominant psychological universals (closeness, individualism, etc.) are discussed. The evolution of factors driving the transformation of Mordovian villages at different stages of its development is described. The main factors of the "Mordovian village crisis" in the 20th-21st centuries - migration, institutional, economic and ethno-cultural, are identified. To demonstrate the scope of settlement transformation, a modern schematic map of the Alyoshkino (typical Mordovian) village has been compiled showing inhabited and inoccupied homesteads, abandoned and developed territories. Based on the results of in-depth interviews and characteristics of the population, the main groups of residents of the modern Mordovian village are identified: "old people", "young families", "new kulaks (farmers)" and "urban cottagers".

The article examines postmodern as the crisis in the being of human and society in terms of the unity of theory and practice. There is compares postmodern society with the communist and information. There is analysis some variants of development, especially European society in terms of a new source of passionate impulse: new ethno genesis in connection with the increase in the number of migrants, passionate impetus from the US, China, Russia, emergence of a new syncretic religion. The conclusion is that the difference between the post-modern and the freedom not to have an ontological character are only apparent. Postmodern tolerance is a consequence of the absence of ontological foundation of postmodern existence.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the origins, grounds and possible consequences of the political crisis in modern Italy. The paper shows that the Italian crisis has acquired a scale that challenges the interests of political establishment of the country and the very principles of the EU existence.

Methods and materials. The authors seek a combination of General theoretical and special methods, focusing on the historical, socio-cultural and political analysis. They are based on the analysis of periodicals, as well as using articles and materials of researchers on the problems of political development in Italy.

Analysis. The source of the crisis is the protest of citizens against the state authority and strategies of the political class of Italy, which is accompanied by the requirement of institutional reforms and socio-economic policy for benefit of the majority, in order to establish new political rules and form a truly legitimate political mechanism. These demands came from various social groups and led to a number of political and legal transformations, culminating in the "populist government", which came to power as a result of the parliamentary elections of 2018. The "Populist government" intended to revise many previous approaches in domestic and foreign policy. It is the Alliance of the right-wing and left-wing populists that was entrusted by Italian society with necessary reforms.

Results. According to the authors, it is political populism as a possible platform for social and political transformations, along with a number of possible risks, that contains a positive potential associated with the possibility of overcoming ideological divisions, corporate selfishness of Italian politicians and parties, as well as alienation in the relations of the power and society. This approach to resolving issues by the "populist government" will contribute to the gradual resolution of the problems that have caused the long-term political crisis in Italy.

The present article is concerned with the nexus of masculinities and environment. The authors present their critical analyses of two configurations of masculinities the authors refer to as 'industrial/breadwinner' and 'ecomodern' masculinities that dominate politics worldwide. The authors stated their opinion on the fact that the first two configurations of masculinities are acutely but distinctly in conflict with the wellbeing of the planet. The paper presents an empirical and theoretical analysis of 'ecological masculinities', which considers the insights and limitations of masculinities studies, deep ecology, ecological feminism and feminist care theory. In this article, the authors focus their attention on the necessity of ecologisation of masculinities as well as on the need for men and masculinities to 'ecologise' relationally and create more caring encounters with self and others. In support of the need in a transition from hegemonisation to ecologisation, necessary configurations beyond the constraints of industrial/breadwinner and ecomodern masculinities are presented. The authors also argue that the potential to expose and resolve the anthropocentric discord between Earth, others and human beings is possible within the very constructs of manhood. The notion of ecological masculinities suggested in the article is a constructive response to the roles of men and masculine identities in the Anthropocene. The exit politics central to the notion of ecological masculinities represent a theoretical framework and plurality of practices reflective of a masculine ecologisation process. The authors encourage scholarly masculinities inquiries and practices towards broader, deeper and wider care for the 'glocal' (global and local) commons.

The article looks into the reasons underlying the outspread of the full-scale mechanism of banking regulation over U. S. investment banks. We analyze the effect of the Basel III standards on stress-resilience of investment banks and examine the role of U. S. investment banks in ensuring financial stability. Based on regression analysis we found that minimum capital adequacy standards of Basel III do not have negative effect on ROE of the U. S. investment banks that are G-SIB category-designate; however, additional capital requirements (Higher Loss Absorbency (HLA) surcharge) that depend on G-SIB's systemic significance according to their bucket as per Financial Stability Board classification do have significant and negative effect on ROE in the post crisis period. Besides, leverage requirements that also depend on G-SIB's systemic significance have a statistically significant effect on ROE.

The paper proposes a contemporary interdisciplinary method to identify consistent patterns within cyclical dynamics of GDP and its macroeconomics determinants in the Russian Federation. This method may contribute to better recognition of the stages of economic cycle and of potential early predicators to recessions and crises. We first identify the trend component of Russian GDP and then apply the spectral data analysis to its cyclical component which reveals its multi-frequency, and non-linear vibrations. These vibrations are then further investigated by transforming time series data on GDP and its determinants into a frequency spectrum series via Fourier transform techniques. Wavelength scanning of selected macroeconomic indicators shows the basic economic cycle of real GDP with duration time of approx. 3.13 years. Other procyclical indicators nevertheless discover asynchronous behavior towards GDP due to the relative autonomy of the sectors standing behind these indicators. Their autonomy lies behind differences in reaction forces (shifts) and periods (lags) to both internal and external shocks. We estimate differentials between the dynamics of GDP and its determinants by evaluating phase deviations of their pairwise harmonic components, mutual pairwise phase shifts, and by comparison of their pairwise cross-spectrum. The one of output is the quantification of time lags between GDP and key macroeconomic indicators of individual economic sectors. This result reveals the complexity of GDP dynamics that sends an aliased rather than a unit signal to economic agents. Our decomposition of this signal into signals from key economic sectors and quantification of phase discrepancies between sectoral signals may contribute to findings in early crisis predicators. We also estimate the depth and velocity of shocks penetrations into both economy as a whole and its particular sectors.

The article is devoted to the current problem of student and youth protest actions that took place in South Africa in 2015-2017. The author shows their influence on the political life of the country. The socioeconomic and ideological reasons for the initiation of the student riots are analyzed. The connection of protests with the general crisis of higher education in South Africa is traced. The study is based on the analysis of the South African print media of recent years. The author analyzes main events and results of the protests that took place in the autumn of 2015, the aggravation of the situation in the sphere of higher education in connection with the student riots in the autumn of 2016, and the unsuccessful attempt to hold the Higher Education National Convention in March 2017. These events became the stages of the movement "Fees must fall" for the abolition of universities fees. The author evaluates the participation of modern youth and student parties and associations in the protests. It is noted that youth and student protests are used by the left and radical parties of the South African political spectrum in the struggle for influence in the country.

The article focuses on the analysis of the specifics of self-employment. Self-employment is considered as a special economic structure in the mixed economy of modern Russia. Self-employment is characterized by two forms of labor relations. If it is practiced in the informal sector of the economy, then verbal agreement with payment after completion of work (provision of services) is prevailing. When it is practiced in the real sector of the economy, civil law contract is concluded. In any case, self-employment does not know wage labor and wages. The wide use of self-employment in our country, which has become widespread in recent years, is due to a group of factors. The decisive role among them is played by the state's rejection of universal employment and tight control of labor relations, as well as by the technological changes that are characteristic of the fourth industrial revolution. First of all, this refers to the mass introduction of cyber-physical systems in the production and everyday life of people. These changes, firstly, have a huge impact on the labor market. Secondly, they open up new opportunities for households and, in fact, for self-employment. The article considers the structure and features of separate sectors of self-employment, including individual entrepreneurship, personal subsidiary farming and individual self-employment. Each sector of self-employment is described taking into account its specifics and characteristic features in terms of its nature, functions, motivation, legal regulation, income, etc. A close relationship between self-employment and household is shown. There is given criticism of simplified ideas about self-employment, which consider it as an integral part of precarious employment, as well as in terms of transition from wage labor to entrepreneurship or residual manifestation of entrepreneurship.

According to the previously developed typology of Russian regions by the criteria of population quality, the regions were divided into ten groups. A detailed analysis of each group allows determining possible ways to improve the quality of the population in the Russian regions. This article begins to present the cycle of such studies with the analysis of three smallest groups: the first group includes Moscow and St. Petersburg, the second — the Republic of Dagestan, the Republic of Ingushetia, the Chechen Republic, the third — Nenets, Khanty-Mansi, Yamalo-Nenets autonomous okrugs and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The first group of regions is the most prosperous in terms of quality characteristics of the population, here the main problem is the low natural growth of the population. The specificity of the North Caucasus republics in this aspect lies in high indicators of population quality with low material living standards that contradicts the previously statistically confirmed hypothesis of strong impact of quality of life on population quality. The conclusion has been made about high importance of national culture and traditions in these regions. At the same time, comparison of these republics among themselves has shown that traditions in some of them are weakening, and more attention should be paid to economic factors — monetary income, poverty and unemployment rates. These problems in the North Caucasus regions are in line with the theory of multilevel economy, and their solution requires restructuring of the economy on the basis of its technological and technical re-equipment. In the third group, on the contrary, high monetary income is accompanied by poor qualitative characteristics of the population, especially by rates of alcoholism and drug addiction. These phenomena are correlated with the level of unemployment, the growth of which is caused not only by the global crisis processes in the development of the oil and gas sector, but also by the depletion of highly profitable deposits in the Northern regions of the country, the need to develop hard-to-reach and hardly removable sources of oil and gas. The solution may be to change the structure of the economy of these regions in the direction of development of the natural raw materials processing sector.

This article presents the results of the authors' media-analysis study of social media in central federal cities – Moscow, Saint Petersburg and Sevastopol – on search queries such as "coronavirus", "covid 19", "sitting at home" and "stay at home" which came up during the first three weeks of self-isolation – from March 23rd to April 12th 2020. This allowed for analyzing trends in social media threads that emerged due to the lockdown and the epidemiological crisis, and for understanding the specifics of how a certain response to common threats and challenges was formulated in regional online-communities. The cybermetric analysis of social media conducted by the authors, using a big data mining system for monitoring and analyzing social networks called "Medialogiya", allowed for tracking the develpment of media and communication trends associated with an ambiguous evaluation on behalf of internet users of the situation with the coronavirus pandemic and the lockdown, as well as the emergence of new digital forms of interaction used by individuals in their day to day affairs. The study was carried out within the framework of a project called "Developing methods of agent modeling and big data for analyzing social media in post-conflict societies". The research group defines the information attained from "Medialogiya's" system as "big sociological data", which allows for analyzing interactions between human beings and information, as well as their behavior in the internet. The research results prove the development of regional specifics when discussing the pandemic and the issues associated with the ensuing lockdown experienced by internet users from Moscow and Sevastopol, which speaks to the emergence of a sort of regional solidarity in the face of this new threat and the challenges it poses. Sevastopol's segment of the internet displayed not only regional, but also "peninsula" solidarity. New conditions of everyday life brought us to view the new viral infection as a socio-political phenomenon, which in turn creates the grounds for new forms of consolidation within society, caused by various reactions to the crisis. One of the tasks currently faced by social sciences would be developing scenarios and outlines to explain the phenomenon in question.

The article is about the exogenous concept of institutional recurrence and institutional balance. The institutional cycle is considered as life cycle of socio-economic institutes, as the methodological basis of the institutional analysis for all kinds of economic cycles and processes. The author analyzes mutual conformity of formal and informal institutes at different stages of their cyclic development.

The article gives a detailed analysis of the Cuban missile crisis of 1962, based on the tripartite symposium held in January 1989 and attended by politicians and members of the academic community of the USSR, the US and Cuba. The participants reviewed the causes that led to the crisis, focused on the developments and analysed the political moves of all parties and their assessments of the situation

The paper presents an ARMA-DCC-GARCH model used for a quantitative analysis of dynamic linkages between 26 stock markets in three regions (Americas, Europe and Asia) over the period from 1995 to 2012. Dynamic conditional correlations between the international equity markets were tested to reveal contagion effects and its origins. It was found that the US market spreads shocks to the majority of international stock markets during the Dotcom crisis of 2000-2002 and the Financial Crisis of 2007-2009. The German, French and British markets are also proved to be contagion originators during the Financial Crisis of 2007-2009 and Eurozone Crisis of 2010-2012. The authors provide evidence that, the German and French markets transmitted a positive effect from euro currency adoption in 2002 through Europe. Concerning the linkages in Eastern and Northern European region Russia is found to be a source of contagion for the neighboring countries in time of Russian stock market index (RTSI) fall in 2008 and Banking Crisis in 2004, whereas Poland with the second biggest equity market capitalization affected much fewer countries in the area during the Financial Crisis of 2007-2009. Poland's entry into European Union in May 2004 had no impact on interrelationships between Polish and the other stock markets.

The article is devoted to spiritual and moral revival of Russian society and the
role of religion as an important means of minimizing the negative effects of
modernization, especially in the sociocultural sphere (the crisis of the traditional
family, demographic decline, social deviance).

The problems of promotion of family values in the Russian mass media were analyzed in the article. Popularization of family values through the media should contribute to strengthening the family institution and become an effective tool in the fight against the demographic crisis. The results of the content analysis confirms that the media neglect of family problems. In this situation, promotion of family values among young people is ineffective.