Suchergebnisse

Aerospace assets, and the power they afford, have become a vital instrument of sovereignty and crisis management, and a visible political tool of the first order for our country when we choose to commit forces anywhere in the world at short notice in highly visible, yet unpredictable situations.

The reform, & more precisely the enlargement of the Security Council has been debated for some time within the United Nations. The new impetus given to the debate prior to the World Summit in September 2005 showed certain regional rivalries, but was still unable to name the candidates for a permanent seat on the Council. Facing this deadlock, one can wonder whether the Council can increase its authority & legitimacy without achieving its enlargement. Several leads have been explored. Beyond giving more transparency to its work, it is a question of adapting the Security Council to the necessary prevention of crises, to increasingly complex crisis management, to the needs of peace building, & to dealing with new threats such as terrorism & proliferation. However, one can also wonder whether the debate about enlarging the Security Council to the new powers of the 21st century is ripe. In any case, no reform could avoid a new political commitment by all member states to the Charter's principles, to the centrality of the Security Council in peace & security matters, to the effective implementation of all resolutions, & to collective crisis management. Adapted from the source document.

The constituent articles of this dissertation analyze the financial market failures traditionally identified by economists (associated with externalities, information asymmetries and incompleteness of markets) and the policy responses. A central observation is that public interventions have almost never resulted from a cold analysis of these market failures but are decided in a hurry to respond to the most obvious shortcomings observed during a crisis. This pragmatic and a-theoretical approach leads to poorly calibrated interventions. These articles are addressing in particular the lender of last resort policy that encourages the issuance of various short-term debts by financial institutions and feeds systemic risk. They also highlight the risks of certain reforms decided after the "subprime" crisis. Governments should focus on the provision of public goods clearly identified by economic analysis (control of "agents" and information), and should not multiply risky interventions that sometimes create more market imperfections than they claim to solve. ; Les articles constitutifs de cette thèse analysent les défaillances des marchés financiers traditionnellement identifiées par les économistes (associées aux externalités, aux asymétries d'information et à l'incomplétude des marchés) et les réponses des pouvoirs publics. Une observation centrale est que les interventions publiques ne résultent presque jamais d'une analyse à froid de ces défaillances de marché, mais se décident dans l'urgence pour répondre aux dysfonctionnements les plus évidents observés lors d'une crise. Cette approche pragmatique et a-théorique conduit à des interventions mal calibrées. Ces articles s'attaquent notamment à la politique du prêteur en dernier ressort qui encourage l'endettement à court terme des institutions financières, et nourrit le risque systémique. Ils soulignent également les risques de certaines réformes décidées à la suite de la crise des « subprime ». Les pouvoirs publics devraient se concentrer sur la fourniture des biens ...

The constituent articles of this dissertation analyze the financial market failures traditionally identified by economists (associated with externalities, information asymmetries and incompleteness of markets) and the policy responses. A central observation is that public interventions have almost never resulted from a cold analysis of these market failures but are decided in a hurry to respond to the most obvious shortcomings observed during a crisis. This pragmatic and a-theoretical approach leads to poorly calibrated interventions. These articles are addressing in particular the lender of last resort policy that encourages the issuance of various short-term debts by financial institutions and feeds systemic risk. They also highlight the risks of certain reforms decided after the "subprime" crisis. Governments should focus on the provision of public goods clearly identified by economic analysis (control of "agents" and information), and should not multiply risky interventions that sometimes create more market imperfections than they claim to solve. ; Les articles constitutifs de cette thèse analysent les défaillances des marchés financiers traditionnellement identifiées par les économistes (associées aux externalités, aux asymétries d'information et à l'incomplétude des marchés) et les réponses des pouvoirs publics. Une observation centrale est que les interventions publiques ne résultent presque jamais d'une analyse à froid de ces défaillances de marché, mais se décident dans l'urgence pour répondre aux dysfonctionnements les plus évidents observés lors d'une crise. Cette approche pragmatique et a-théorique conduit à des interventions mal calibrées. Ces articles s'attaquent notamment à la politique du prêteur en dernier ressort qui encourage l'endettement à court terme des institutions financières, et nourrit le risque systémique. Ils soulignent également les risques de certaines réformes décidées à la suite de la crise des « subprime ». Les pouvoirs publics devraient se concentrer sur la fourniture des biens ...

Nobody thought that the successor of Hugo Chavez have it easy. Sick for eighteen months, the Venezuelan strongman died March 5, 2013, leaving behind a country deeply divided and mixed. Elected by a short head in April 2013, his designated successor Nicolas Maduro faces a reinvigorated opposition. Against a background of economic difficulties and unprecedented insecurity, demonstrations and barricades have multiplied around the country throughout the first half of 2014. The balance sheet movement, sometimes violent and severely punished everywhere, stood in late May at forty-two dead, including eight members of the security forces. More than 150 people are in prison, including opposition leader Leopoldo Lopez, awaiting trial. Police repression and uncontrolled by armed groups Chavistas contrast with Chavez methods, skillful crisis management in respect of some legality. Adapted from the source document.

Adopted in December 2003, the European strategy of security has been implemented for two years. It is an integrated strategy covering all dimensions of foreign policy, including crisis management, & is used in the European Union as well as on a global level. Henceforth, with a strategic cadre, the Union must work at reinforcing its integrated capacities on the civil as well as on the military level. Adapted from the source document.

Since the European Union has for ambitions, especially in the areas which border it, to play in the global scene a well founded political role that corresponds with its economical, territorial and demographic power, the authors consider an analysis and evaluation of the police mission in Bosnia-Herzegovina useful and necessary. An article around six chapters. The first one is on Bosnia-Herzegovina and its political-institutional complexity, the second an outline of the local police system. Chapter three gives a brief explanation of the initial military shield towards a civil one. The following chapter is an attempt to explain more precisely and more systematically in which way the MPUE provides, in Bosnia-Herzegovina, a civil instrument of crises management that fulfills expectations that were laid on it. The before last chapter treats necessary reorganization of the local police force regarding the country's integration into the European Union. The sixth and final chapter, offers tools for a sociological and a political analysis of the management of international conflicts, derived from the three-phased intervention of medical science to fight disease: diagnosis-treatment-accompaniment. References. O. van Zijl

Le 29 février 2004, en réponse à une demande formulée par le Président Boniface Alexandre récemment installé à la place de Jean-Bertrand Aristide, démissionnaire, le Conseil de sécurité de l'Organisation des Nations Unies (ONU), a autorisé, avec la résolution 1559, l'envoi en Haïti d'une force intérimaire multinationale.

The 2007-2008 crisis has first led central banks to cut drastically their interest rates, bringing them close to 0% in the US and Japan, 0.5% in the UK and 1% in the euro area since Spring 2009. In a second step central banks have implemented unconventional policy measures in order to provide sufficient liquidity in the banking system.We expect a moderate economic recovery in 2010, while inflation would remain subdued. This would lead central banks to keep their interest rates unchanged in the US, Japan and the euro area until the end of 2010, albeit progressively unwinding quantitative easing. In the UK, the base interest rate could rise by 0.25% in the fourth quarter of 2010, signalling the return to a normal functioning of the banking system and improved economic conditions. ; Alors que la phase de baisse des taux directeurs s'est achevée selon les pays entre la fin 2008 et mai 2009 à des niveaux très bas (0,1 % au Japon, entre 0 et 0,25 % aux États-Unis, 0,5 % au Royaume-Uni, 1 % dans la zone euro), les stratégies d'interventions directes des grandes banques centrales sur les marchés financiers ont pris progressivement le relais à partir de l'automne 2008. Face aux difficultés de transmission de la politique monétaire conventionnelle aux marchés monétaires et financiers, les grandes banques centrales ont non seulement injecté directement les liquidités nécessaires au refinancement du secteur bancaire, mais aussi procédé à des rachats d'actifs publics et privés pour combler les dysfonctionnements de certains marchés financiers.Depuis le printemps 2009, la confiance semble enfin être revenue sur les marchés interbancaires : l'écart entre le taux interbancaire à 3 mois et le swap à 3 mois du taux au jour le jour était revenu début octobre à 13 points de base aux États-Unis, à 16 points au Royaume-Uni et à 29 points dans la zone euro.À l'horizon 2010, les banques centrales continueront à veiller à assurer un fonctionnement sans tensions des marchés interbancaires et ne réduiront que très progressivement leurs ...