Suchergebnisse

Aerospace assets, and the power they afford, have become a vital instrument of sovereignty and crisis management, and a visible political tool of the first order for our country when we choose to commit forces anywhere in the world at short notice in highly visible, yet unpredictable situations.

Europe's post-Cold-War crises (eg, in the Balkans) have exposed the inadequacy of military solutions. Since 1999, the EU has been developing civil instruments for a more comprehensive approach. Two instruments -- police & state of law -- have been established & deployed; the civil protection & civil administration instruments are less mature, but are being constructed & tested. With more development, the four instruments should work coherently to manage Europe's civil crises. Adapted from the source document.

The reform, & more precisely the enlargement of the Security Council has been debated for some time within the United Nations. The new impetus given to the debate prior to the World Summit in September 2005 showed certain regional rivalries, but was still unable to name the candidates for a permanent seat on the Council. Facing this deadlock, one can wonder whether the Council can increase its authority & legitimacy without achieving its enlargement. Several leads have been explored. Beyond giving more transparency to its work, it is a question of adapting the Security Council to the necessary prevention of crises, to increasingly complex crisis management, to the needs of peace building, & to dealing with new threats such as terrorism & proliferation. However, one can also wonder whether the debate about enlarging the Security Council to the new powers of the 21st century is ripe. In any case, no reform could avoid a new political commitment by all member states to the Charter's principles, to the centrality of the Security Council in peace & security matters, to the effective implementation of all resolutions, & to collective crisis management. Adapted from the source document.

The constituent articles of this dissertation analyze the financial market failures traditionally identified by economists (associated with externalities, information asymmetries and incompleteness of markets) and the policy responses. A central observation is that public interventions have almost never resulted from a cold analysis of these market failures but are decided in a hurry to respond to the most obvious shortcomings observed during a crisis. This pragmatic and a-theoretical approach leads to poorly calibrated interventions. These articles are addressing in particular the lender of last resort policy that encourages the issuance of various short-term debts by financial institutions and feeds systemic risk. They also highlight the risks of certain reforms decided after the "subprime" crisis. Governments should focus on the provision of public goods clearly identified by economic analysis (control of "agents" and information), and should not multiply risky interventions that sometimes create more market imperfections than they claim to solve. ; Les articles constitutifs de cette thèse analysent les défaillances des marchés financiers traditionnellement identifiées par les économistes (associées aux externalités, aux asymétries d'information et à l'incomplétude des marchés) et les réponses des pouvoirs publics. Une observation centrale est que les interventions publiques ne résultent presque jamais d'une analyse à froid de ces défaillances de marché, mais se décident dans l'urgence pour répondre aux dysfonctionnements les plus évidents observés lors d'une crise. Cette approche pragmatique et a-théorique conduit à des interventions mal calibrées. Ces articles s'attaquent notamment à la politique du prêteur en dernier ressort qui encourage l'endettement à court terme des institutions financières, et nourrit le risque systémique. Ils soulignent également les risques de certaines réformes décidées à la suite de la crise des « subprime ». Les pouvoirs publics devraient se concentrer sur la fourniture des biens ...

The constituent articles of this dissertation analyze the financial market failures traditionally identified by economists (associated with externalities, information asymmetries and incompleteness of markets) and the policy responses. A central observation is that public interventions have almost never resulted from a cold analysis of these market failures but are decided in a hurry to respond to the most obvious shortcomings observed during a crisis. This pragmatic and a-theoretical approach leads to poorly calibrated interventions. These articles are addressing in particular the lender of last resort policy that encourages the issuance of various short-term debts by financial institutions and feeds systemic risk. They also highlight the risks of certain reforms decided after the "subprime" crisis. Governments should focus on the provision of public goods clearly identified by economic analysis (control of "agents" and information), and should not multiply risky interventions that sometimes create more market imperfections than they claim to solve. ; Les articles constitutifs de cette thèse analysent les défaillances des marchés financiers traditionnellement identifiées par les économistes (associées aux externalités, aux asymétries d'information et à l'incomplétude des marchés) et les réponses des pouvoirs publics. Une observation centrale est que les interventions publiques ne résultent presque jamais d'une analyse à froid de ces défaillances de marché, mais se décident dans l'urgence pour répondre aux dysfonctionnements les plus évidents observés lors d'une crise. Cette approche pragmatique et a-théorique conduit à des interventions mal calibrées. Ces articles s'attaquent notamment à la politique du prêteur en dernier ressort qui encourage l'endettement à court terme des institutions financières, et nourrit le risque systémique. Ils soulignent également les risques de certaines réformes décidées à la suite de la crise des « subprime ». Les pouvoirs publics devraient se concentrer sur la fourniture des biens ...

Nobody thought that the successor of Hugo Chavez have it easy. Sick for eighteen months, the Venezuelan strongman died March 5, 2013, leaving behind a country deeply divided and mixed. Elected by a short head in April 2013, his designated successor Nicolas Maduro faces a reinvigorated opposition. Against a background of economic difficulties and unprecedented insecurity, demonstrations and barricades have multiplied around the country throughout the first half of 2014. The balance sheet movement, sometimes violent and severely punished everywhere, stood in late May at forty-two dead, including eight members of the security forces. More than 150 people are in prison, including opposition leader Leopoldo Lopez, awaiting trial. Police repression and uncontrolled by armed groups Chavistas contrast with Chavez methods, skillful crisis management in respect of some legality. Adapted from the source document.

Patrick Molis and Jacques Rondin
Economic interventions of local authorities.
Economic initiatives by local authorities were traditionally very limited. The Act of decentralization confirms already in progress, as local authorities tend to intervene more, because of the economic crisis, by providing assistance to ailing businesses. Regions copy the planning pattern of the State in spite of the slenderness of the means and investments available to them. They are in competition with each other and thus require the financial arbitration of the Central power.