Suchergebnisse

The Gulf coalition country led by Saudi Arabia simultaneously severed its diplomatic relations with Qatar in early June 2017. This action was motivated by Saudi Arabia's accusations of Qatar's proximity to several Islamic opposition organizations such as the Muslim Brotherhood and Hamas and its bilateral tendencies with Iran. This resentment continued with the launching of a land, sea and air blockade against Qatar's territory. Qatar dismissed the accusations and saw the Arab coalition's actions as an intervention against its foreign policy. In addition, Turkey as an ally of Qatar initially responded to the diplomatic crisis in a neutral manner and put forward mediation efforts. However, these efforts failed due to sabotage by the Gulf coalition. Turkey later denounced the blockade and immediately signed a military agreement to speed up the deployment of troops to Qatar. This article aims to analyze the reasons for Turkey's shift from initially neutral to pro-Qatar by strengthening its bilateral relations with Qatar through a series of help.

This thesis departs from the Diplomatic Crisis between Saudi Arabia and Qatar in 2017. In relation to the diplomatic crisis, it was explained that Qatar issued a Policy in the Diplomatic Crisis, and refused to fulfill the 13 demands given by Saudi Arabia and its allies. However, the policy issued by Qatar is inseparable from the encouraging factors. For this reason, this Thesis Writing aims to find out the Factors that encourage Qatar's Policy in the Diplomatic Crisis in 2017. By using KJ Holsti's Foreign Political Study and Literature Study Research Methods, this thesis discovers the Driving Variables namely Oil and Gas Sales Guarantee nature to other countries, Diversification of Economic Sources from the Non-Oil and Gas Sector, Resilience of the Transportation Sector to the Diplomatic Crisis, Alternative Flight Lines, Guaranteed Food Supply from the Outside, Endurance of the Trade Sector against the Diplomatic Crisis and Donald Trump's Defense against Saudi Arabia.

Cakrawala : Jurnal Penelitian Sosial. Vol. III No. 2 Nopember 2014, p. 249-268 ; European economic integration and unity of this currency leaves form a very significant ketergantungan among its members, so that a crisis was enough to shake the stability between the countries members of the other. Basically the single currency system seems to be double-edged blade for the European Union. On the one hand so profitable and increase the bargaining positions of European countries, but on the other hand is potentially detrimental. One reason is because of the level of adaptation of a State. Not all countries have a great economy to enter the euro zone. The existence of this single currency system to make the countries in the European Union will become vulnerable to a crisis. This is what led to the crisis that occurred since 2008 is so easily spread to countries in Europe. This research focuses on the policy decision taken by the third country in the European Union, namely Germany, France and the United Kingdom. Domestic political factors of history, and also the economic power of these countries also affect how the policy making process to rescue Greece from the crisis that is increasingly spreading to other European countries. The main purpose of the discussion of this paper is to provide new information concerning the handling of crisis from a process whereby policies domestic factors also gives countries a great influence, it also gives a view that Constructivist Theory is able to provide a view of the case.

Although trauma and public skepticism toward the military is still quite strong; though the sins of the military during the New Order freely beragai stripped naked in public space during the reform. In fact, military figures rose even more flying in many national level either party until the local level, both old and new parties. To face the new system of political contestation and the military is benefiting from a weakening factor of the consolidation of civilian political forces. Political parties and civic leaders increasingly anti Orba number berjibun be a dilemma. Elections are approaching need fresh energy to be the winner while they are still haunted by the various limitations of the cadre of crisis, financial crisis and the crisis of political networks. To rise, the former general has a genetic modalities required political parties and civic leaders that organizational discipline, a network of territorial and political violence. Political modalities of military culture is that interest civilian politicians because it can be replicated in consolidating the power of the party, although very risky memangun consolidation of democracy in Indonesia in the future. The choices here are to be assessed for reading the direction of the democratization of Indonesia.

Economic crisis and reforms and national development in Indonesia

Problem of Food emerged as a Non-Traditional Secuirty (NTS) issue in the aftermath of the Cold War and was identified as one of the seven pillars of human security by the 1994 UNDP Report 'New Dimensions' in Security. Food security as 'the means for all people at all times to have both physical and economic access to basic food' and that food security is an entitlement. When the shortages food supply in a country, it will be an increasing the conflict civil society, so the stability of the state security being disrupted. The availability of adequate food supplies could become the core of social contact in all the country's political system.The food crisis in Venezuela resulted in civil conflict be increased. Venezuela is the world's oil producing countries but due to falling world oil prices, then became distracted State reception system. The political system came along with the economic crisis makes Venezuela in the worst condition.This economic crisis makes Venezuela experienced a food crisis, so many societies suffered famine and looting food even do violence to gain access the food. Finally, the conflict civil society occur due to the food crisis and the stability of the State security becomes disrupted. In this paper using descriptive analysis method that describes the relationship of food security in Venezuela that can be disrupt the stability of State security. In this paper, using the perspective of Food Securitization.This isbased on a change in the subject of security not only on military issues but the extension of the concept security including the threat of food security within a country. Food can be utilized as a political weapon by states and can be characterized as a form and symbol of political power.

The global financial crisis catalyzed a major re-evaluation of the relation: ship between society and the financial sector. Besides the immediate economi impacts from the crisis, it led to a breakdown of trust in institutions, includin financial institutions that have been slow to rebuild. Many within the financiaf sector, including those who have joined the Principles for Responsible lnvestmen ('PRJ') (United Nations Global Compact 2015), recognize the challenges that confront shared humanity especially around climare change and inequality and] are trying to find a solution by focusing on environmental, social and governance_ ('ESG') data. The rising share of asset managers and asset owners using ESG, in their investment decision-making has contributed to a growth in responsiblel investment. Beyond the societal demand for alternatives, prolonged quantitative easing, low or negative interest rates and the thirst for higher yields have floodedr investments into technology start-ups including Fintech companies to drive a new'. paradigm in financial services globally. With a greater faith in technology to dis- ,: rupt old ways of working, Fintech is seen as more capable ofdelivering customer- : centric solutions that democratize the incumbents' domination of how wealth is generated and ultimately invested.

Food security become very important as food crisis occurred in 2008. Under the administration of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in 2009 to 2014, the crisis due to increase in population in Indonesia encourages increase in food demand. However, to fulfill Indonesia's food demand it still depends on the availability from international market. This research aims to analyze why countries like Indonesia dependent on international markets for food security aspect despite having the capability to achieve fulfillment on food. To analyze the reasons, the concepts of comparative advantage, dependency, and national capabilities will be use to analyze the factors on why nations depend on international market to achieve its food security. Accompanied by a comparison between Indonesia with Vietnam, Malaysia, and United States to see the similarities and differences to achieved food security in the international market. With qualitative research methods and comparison focus on explanative research also using literature studies in data collection. The results of this study finds that Indonesia dependence are influenced by comparative advantage policy of other countries which in this case are Vietnam and Malaysia, the international market system that encourages dependency, and Indonesia inability to maximizing its national capability compared to United States. Keywords: dependency, comparative advantage, national capabilities, Indonesia, food security.

On November, 4th 2020, the Tigrayan Area became one of the deadly conflict hotspots in the midst of the global pandemic Covid-19. The conflicts are rooted since the Ethiopian People's Democratic Front (EPRDF) becoming the governing party 30 years ago that reigned by corrupt, dirty, discriminate governance. EPRDF was in coalition with four parties: Amhara Democratic Party (ADP); The Oromo Democratic Party (ODP); Southern Ethiopian People's Democratic Party Movement (SEPDPM); and Tigrayan People's Liberation Front (TPLF). Among the four parties, only the TPLF has been promoted and acquired privileges by the EPRDF. These privileges provide TPLF an influence, an important political position, and a military sector, which creates other parties feel excluded. Political friction, sexual violence, and even the issue of ethnic cleansing of Tigrayans underlie the crisis. Since Abiy Ahmed from ODP become a new PM of Ethiopia, it is strongly indicated that his position indirectly supports reprisal against TPLF. The involvement of Eritrea in this conflict, expanding the spectrum of crisis. Deadlock on the solution and the unilateral claims of the Abiy's successful (offensive) settlement against TPLF, agonizing the situation of the Tigrayan people. Therefore, in this essay, the author will explain how the characteristics of the current conflict situation, the ripeness of conflict, methods of resolution of mediation, and possible solution to construct a stable situation in the Tigray Conflict. Key Words: Abiy, Afrika, Amhara, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Oromo, Tigray, TPLF

The development of the microfinance as well as islamic microfinance Indonesia has been remarkable. It gains many attention by policy makers as well as academicians in many occasions. Topic that was discussed ranged from the past performance, current obstacle as wes as the problem, solution and the opportunity in the future (Hamad 2010, Bank Indonesia 2009,2010). The role of this microfinance gain more important during the recent financial crisis. The subprime mortgage occured in 2008 has affected many countries in the worlds. In Indonesia the effect can be seen from the stock market. Jakarta Composite Index (JCI) shows 2721.25 in January 2008 while it plunged to 1241.54 in October 2008. Companies which the operations is exposing themselves to the exchange rate were obviously got affected since the plunge of the stock market induce investors not to continue their investments in Indonesia. As a result ''fligh to quality" happened and this create fluctuation of the exchange rate. However, other sector such as microfinance does not seem to be affected.

This paper tries to discuss diplomatic governance study on Indonesian decision-making and implementing foreign policy. Diplomatic governance is a concept that is adopted from democratic study on how to manage transparent and accountable decison-making policy. The discourse on diplomatic governance is expected to improve effectivity and efficiency of Indonesian foreign policy in achieving its national interests. Foreign policy that will be the focus of this paper is Indonesiaan foreign policy of administrative–based economy. In the last 10 years, this policy have been constractedserious problems such as corruption, lack of protection of Indonesian citizen abroad and crisis on law-politics issues such as dispute resolution in International Court of Justice in the case of Sipadan and Ligitan Islands.This paper considers that the lacks of effective and efficient of Indonesian foreign policy in articulating Indonesia"s national interests in international fora are closely related to the low governance negotiation discourse in the formulation and implementation of Indonesia's foreign policy.

By 2014 Indonesia registered 11.6 million inbound foreign tourists, 135% higher than the year 2000. Since then, government policies to promote tourism flourished. This article investigates the determinants of inbound tourism from the top nine mayor tourist origin countries into Indonesia covering the period of 2000 to 2014. This research employs a dynamic panel dataset to estimate the impact of per capita real income, relative prices, accommodation capacity, distance, and public infrastructure investment on international tourism demand in Indonesia, capturing demand- and supply-side effects. The results show that per capita income of tourists, relative price, and available rooms have a positive effect on tourism expenditure in Indonesia, while distance has a negative effect. Dummy variables capture large negative shocks in tourism arising from two terrorist attacks in 2002 and 2005, as well as from the global financial crisis in 2008. Income plays a positive but low impact on tourism demand compared to other nations. The positive effect of prices suggests an advantage of Indonesia in competitive tourism prices. Nevertheless, low prices also denote low value in tourism services. The substantial impact of accommodation may indicate that significant effects of tourism are allocated in lodging, minimizing the impact on other sectors.

The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted elections in various countries, decreased voter participation, and increased the potential for virus transmission that threatens public health—one of the countries holding elections during the Covid-19 pandemic in South Korea. In contrast to most other election organizing countries during the pandemic, the South Korean Legislative Election in 2020 became a legislative election with the highest turnout of voters reaching 66.2 percent. The election was won by the Democratic People's Party of Korea as the party that carries President Moon Jae-in. This study discusses the effect of the four-pronged strategy used by President Moon Jae-in in tackling Covid-19 on the victory of the Democratic People's Party of Korea. This study will also discuss the high civic duty of the South Korean community, which affects the high turnout of voters, regardless of elections held during a crisis. This study finds that despite the poor assessment of economic policies, foreign relations, and political scandals in the administration of President Moon Jae-in, crises are considered to have higher urgency and become the main indicator of a society in conducting retrospective assessments. This is supported by the public's views, who view the Covid-19 pandemic as a national crisis, and participating in elections is considered a form of nation-saving duty. The high voter turnout and the effectiveness of the four-pronged strategy affected the victory of the Democratic People's Party of Korea in the 2020 South Korean Legislative Elections. ; Pandemi Covid-19 mendisrupsi jalannya pemilu di berbagai negara dan berpengaruh pada penurunan partisipasi pemilih dan meningkatkan potensi transmisi virus yang mengancam kesehatan masyarakat. Salah satu negara yang menyelenggarakan pemilu di tengah pandemi Covid-19 adalah Korea Selatan. Berbeda dengan mayoritas negara penyelenggara pemilu lainnya di saat pandemi, Pemilu Legislatif Korea Selatan tahun 2020 menjadi pemilu legislatif dengan perolehan turnout voters tertinggi mencapai 66,2 persen. Pemilu tersebut dimenangkan oleh Democratic People's Party of Korea selaku partai pengusung Presiden Moon Jae-in. Penelitian ini membahas pengaruh dari four-pronged strategy yang digunakan oleh Presiden Moon Jae-in dalam menanggulangi Covid-19 terhadap kemenangan Democratic People's Party of Korea. Tidak hanya menggunakan penilaian retrospective, penelitian ini juga akan membahas tingginya civic duty masyarakat Korea Selatan yang mempengaruhi tingginya perolehan turnout voters, terlepas dari pemilu yang diadakan di tengah situasi krisis. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa terlepas dari buruknya penilaian kebijakan ekonomi, hubungan luar negeri, dan skandal politik pada pemerintahan Presiden Moon Jae-in, situasi krisis dinilai memiliki urgensi yang lebih tinggi dan menjadi indikator utama masyarakat dalam melakukan penilaian retrospective. Hal tersebut didukung dengan pandangan masyarakat yang menilai Pandemi Covid-19 sebagai krisis nasional, dan berpartisipasi dalam pemilu dianggap sebagai bentuk nation-saving duty. Tingginya partisipasi pemilih dan efektivitas four-pronged strategy mempengaruhi kemenangan Democratic People's Party of Korea pada Pemilu Legislatif Korea Selatan tahun 2020.

ABSTRACTIndonesia is considered as the country in the highest risk category for failing to deal with the Corona Virus Disease or COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, Indonesia is also in the lower category of countries with a level of security from the threat of COVID-19. This situation is exacerbated by the assessment that the available health care system and health insurance system are still far from the universal standard of health. Governance and public communication practices of government that are responsive, prompt, precise, and transparent before, duringand after a crisis are the hopes of the public. However, it seems that this is not the case during the COVID-19 pandemic. The government continues to receive criticism from various parties. A strategy is needed to communicate the policies designed by the marathon by the Central Government to the regions. Communication management is very urgent and important to do sothat the public has an overview of the steps and strategies taken by the Government in dealing with the global outbreak. No less important is rebuilding public trust amid the growing infodemic about the Corona virus. This article provides an overview of the steps and strategies undertaken by the Central Government in formulating its communications management strategy.Keywords: Communication Management, Central Government, Managing Covid-19