Suchergebnisse

The Italian foreign policy is the topic of the present research; more precisely, the policies pursued in relation to the Libyan crisis of the year 2011. The most recent events taking place in the African country bring along the necessity of shedding a new light on the role of the Western state that most interests had to defend in Libya, and that is still very much concerned by the latter situation at a time when a new possible military intervention is considered. The object of the research is the Italian foreign policy considered from the beginning of the Libyan crises in 2011, namely from when protests against the government started in Benghazi and clashes with the police took place in mid February, until the end of the NATO mission Operation Unified Protector in Libya on October 31 of that same year, following the death of Col. Gaddafi and the defeat of the loyalist forces. The goal of the research is to identify the Italian postures and their consistency with its actual behaviour during the Libyan crisis, evaluating if the Italian foreign policy has been capable of serving the national interest. The tasks of the research are to justify the choice of the neorealist theoretical framework introducing the main vectors of Italian foreign policy from 1945 to the present and their relations with the Libyan case, to assess the status of the relations between Italy and Libya at the end of the year 2010, to trace the Italian diplomatic and political rhetoric related to the crisis understanding the rational behind the Italian formal positioning, to check it against the actual Italian actions along the crisis, and to assess the results achieved. Document analysis is the research method employed, and the results indicate that Italy displayed a negligent management of the crisis since non-linearity, inconsistency and ineffectiveness were recurrent features to be found in its behaviour, sided by a lack of understanding of the overall Libyan situation. The Italian stances and actions were taken into account through a neorealist theoretical framework. The conclusion of the work is that the Italian foreign policy in relation to the Libyan crisis of 2011 have showed strong signs of non-linearity and inconsistency during the last phase of the crisis, and that the results achieved can not be considered satisfactory in any of the two phases, whilst in both of them an important lack of knowledge on key elements related to the issue has been displayed.

The Italian foreign policy is the topic of the present research; more precisely, the policies pursued in relation to the Libyan crisis of the year 2011. The most recent events taking place in the African country bring along the necessity of shedding a new light on the role of the Western state that most interests had to defend in Libya, and that is still very much concerned by the latter situation at a time when a new possible military intervention is considered. The object of the research is the Italian foreign policy considered from the beginning of the Libyan crises in 2011, namely from when protests against the government started in Benghazi and clashes with the police took place in mid February, until the end of the NATO mission Operation Unified Protector in Libya on October 31 of that same year, following the death of Col. Gaddafi and the defeat of the loyalist forces. The goal of the research is to identify the Italian postures and their consistency with its actual behaviour during the Libyan crisis, evaluating if the Italian foreign policy has been capable of serving the national interest. The tasks of the research are to justify the choice of the neorealist theoretical framework introducing the main vectors of Italian foreign policy from 1945 to the present and their relations with the Libyan case, to assess the status of the relations between Italy and Libya at the end of the year 2010, to trace the Italian diplomatic and political rhetoric related to the crisis understanding the rational behind the Italian formal positioning, to check it against the actual Italian actions along the crisis, and to assess the results achieved. Document analysis is the research method employed, and the results indicate that Italy displayed a negligent management of the crisis since non-linearity, inconsistency and ineffectiveness were recurrent features to be found in its behaviour, sided by a lack of understanding of the overall Libyan situation. The Italian stances and actions were taken into account through a neorealist theoretical framework. The conclusion of the work is that the Italian foreign policy in relation to the Libyan crisis of 2011 have showed strong signs of non-linearity and inconsistency during the last phase of the crisis, and that the results achieved can not be considered satisfactory in any of the two phases, whilst in both of them an important lack of knowledge on key elements related to the issue has been displayed.

The Italian foreign policy is the topic of the present research; more precisely, the policies pursued in relation to the Libyan crisis of the year 2011. The most recent events taking place in the African country bring along the necessity of shedding a new light on the role of the Western state that most interests had to defend in Libya, and that is still very much concerned by the latter situation at a time when a new possible military intervention is considered. The object of the research is the Italian foreign policy considered from the beginning of the Libyan crises in 2011, namely from when protests against the government started in Benghazi and clashes with the police took place in mid February, until the end of the NATO mission Operation Unified Protector in Libya on October 31 of that same year, following the death of Col. Gaddafi and the defeat of the loyalist forces. The goal of the research is to identify the Italian postures and their consistency with its actual behaviour during the Libyan crisis, evaluating if the Italian foreign policy has been capable of serving the national interest. The tasks of the research are to justify the choice of the neorealist theoretical framework introducing the main vectors of Italian foreign policy from 1945 to the present and their relations with the Libyan case, to assess the status of the relations between Italy and Libya at the end of the year 2010, to trace the Italian diplomatic and political rhetoric related to the crisis understanding the rational behind the Italian formal positioning, to check it against the actual Italian actions along the crisis, and to assess the results achieved. Document analysis is the research method employed, and the results indicate that Italy displayed a negligent management of the crisis since non-linearity, inconsistency and ineffectiveness were recurrent features to be found in its behaviour, sided by a lack of understanding of the overall Libyan situation. The Italian stances and actions were taken into account through a neorealist theoretical framework. The conclusion of the work is that the Italian foreign policy in relation to the Libyan crisis of 2011 have showed strong signs of non-linearity and inconsistency during the last phase of the crisis, and that the results achieved can not be considered satisfactory in any of the two phases, whilst in both of them an important lack of knowledge on key elements related to the issue has been displayed.

The paper covers the conception of economic, business, and financial journalism as well as use of problematic terminology. It also introduces to the variety of specializations as well as categories of themes that form the ambit of economic topic. The paper reviews the development of business journalism, background and development tendencies in the world and Lithuania, as well as relation to the descriptive subject-matter. The distinguished specifics of business journalism are as follows: requirements for business journalists, increasing need for economy news, impact on decision-making. The paper also covers the research on the main problems, characteristic to coverage of economic topics – weakness of theoretical basis, economic information perception barriers, professionalism of the journalists, composition quality matters, capital interests, and impact on quality of the content. The practical part of the paper covers different aspects of research on presentation of economic topics in the national daily newspapers Lietuvos rytas and Lietuvos žinios in the beginning of the Russian financial crisis in 1998 and global economic crisis in 2008. The paper is maintained with the quantitative and qualitative content analysis. The research revealed that the newspapers give less attention to the economic topic than to the politics, criminals, or sports, but similar as to the culture or regional news. Wide spectrum financial topics prevail in the daily newspapers; particularity in 2008 was the personal finance and orientation towards the topics that are relevant to the consumers. A major diversity of topics and original publications as well as lesser impact of advertisement ordering customers and other capital on the content was observed in 1998. More consideration is given to the economy news during the critical periods; the value thereof is increased by higher quality of analysis and synthesis of foreign and Lithuanian news. In summary it should be noted that business journalism in Lithuania undergoes the stage of formation. During the critical periods of economy, business journalism appears in exceptional position to be active; the researched newspapers have seized this opportunity. Key words: economic topic, economic journalism, business journalism, financial journalism, economic crisis, critical periods, Lietuvos rytas, Lietuvos zinios.

The paper covers the conception of economic, business, and financial journalism as well as use of problematic terminology. It also introduces to the variety of specializations as well as categories of themes that form the ambit of economic topic. The paper reviews the development of business journalism, background and development tendencies in the world and Lithuania, as well as relation to the descriptive subject-matter. The distinguished specifics of business journalism are as follows: requirements for business journalists, increasing need for economy news, impact on decision-making. The paper also covers the research on the main problems, characteristic to coverage of economic topics – weakness of theoretical basis, economic information perception barriers, professionalism of the journalists, composition quality matters, capital interests, and impact on quality of the content. The practical part of the paper covers different aspects of research on presentation of economic topics in the national daily newspapers Lietuvos rytas and Lietuvos žinios in the beginning of the Russian financial crisis in 1998 and global economic crisis in 2008. The paper is maintained with the quantitative and qualitative content analysis. The research revealed that the newspapers give less attention to the economic topic than to the politics, criminals, or sports, but similar as to the culture or regional news. Wide spectrum financial topics prevail in the daily newspapers; particularity in 2008 was the personal finance and orientation towards the topics that are relevant to the consumers. A major diversity of topics and original publications as well as lesser impact of advertisement ordering customers and other capital on the content was observed in 1998. More consideration is given to the economy news during the critical periods; the value thereof is increased by higher quality of analysis and synthesis of foreign and Lithuanian news. In summary it should be noted that business journalism in Lithuania undergoes the stage of formation. During the critical periods of economy, business journalism appears in exceptional position to be active; the researched newspapers have seized this opportunity. Key words: economic topic, economic journalism, business journalism, financial journalism, economic crisis, critical periods, Lietuvos rytas, Lietuvos zinios.

The paper covers the conception of economic, business, and financial journalism as well as use of problematic terminology. It also introduces to the variety of specializations as well as categories of themes that form the ambit of economic topic. The paper reviews the development of business journalism, background and development tendencies in the world and Lithuania, as well as relation to the descriptive subject-matter. The distinguished specifics of business journalism are as follows: requirements for business journalists, increasing need for economy news, impact on decision-making. The paper also covers the research on the main problems, characteristic to coverage of economic topics – weakness of theoretical basis, economic information perception barriers, professionalism of the journalists, composition quality matters, capital interests, and impact on quality of the content. The practical part of the paper covers different aspects of research on presentation of economic topics in the national daily newspapers Lietuvos rytas and Lietuvos žinios in the beginning of the Russian financial crisis in 1998 and global economic crisis in 2008. The paper is maintained with the quantitative and qualitative content analysis. The research revealed that the newspapers give less attention to the economic topic than to the politics, criminals, or sports, but similar as to the culture or regional news. Wide spectrum financial topics prevail in the daily newspapers; particularity in 2008 was the personal finance and orientation towards the topics that are relevant to the consumers. A major diversity of topics and original publications as well as lesser impact of advertisement ordering customers and other capital on the content was observed in 1998. More consideration is given to the economy news during the critical periods; the value thereof is increased by higher quality of analysis and synthesis of foreign and Lithuanian news. In summary it should be noted that business journalism in Lithuania undergoes the stage of formation. During the critical periods of economy, business journalism appears in exceptional position to be active; the researched newspapers have seized this opportunity. Key words: economic topic, economic journalism, business journalism, financial journalism, economic crisis, critical periods, Lietuvos rytas, Lietuvos zinios.

The paper covers the conception of economic, business, and financial journalism as well as use of problematic terminology. It also introduces to the variety of specializations as well as categories of themes that form the ambit of economic topic. The paper reviews the development of business journalism, background and development tendencies in the world and Lithuania, as well as relation to the descriptive subject-matter. The distinguished specifics of business journalism are as follows: requirements for business journalists, increasing need for economy news, impact on decision-making. The paper also covers the research on the main problems, characteristic to coverage of economic topics – weakness of theoretical basis, economic information perception barriers, professionalism of the journalists, composition quality matters, capital interests, and impact on quality of the content. The practical part of the paper covers different aspects of research on presentation of economic topics in the national daily newspapers Lietuvos rytas and Lietuvos žinios in the beginning of the Russian financial crisis in 1998 and global economic crisis in 2008. The paper is maintained with the quantitative and qualitative content analysis. The research revealed that the newspapers give less attention to the economic topic than to the politics, criminals, or sports, but similar as to the culture or regional news. Wide spectrum financial topics prevail in the daily newspapers; particularity in 2008 was the personal finance and orientation towards the topics that are relevant to the consumers. A major diversity of topics and original publications as well as lesser impact of advertisement ordering customers and other capital on the content was observed in 1998. More consideration is given to the economy news during the critical periods; the value thereof is increased by higher quality of analysis and synthesis of foreign and Lithuanian news. In summary it should be noted that business journalism in Lithuania undergoes the stage of formation. During the critical periods of economy, business journalism appears in exceptional position to be active; the researched newspapers have seized this opportunity. Key words: economic topic, economic journalism, business journalism, financial journalism, economic crisis, critical periods, Lietuvos rytas, Lietuvos zinios.

This paper analyzes general economic crisis and its effect on industry. Construction sector is an important part of production – one new immediate workplace on a construction site incites the establishment of two or more workplaces in other industry branches. After the bursting of the real estate bubble the effects of crisis on construction and real estate sectors are very tangible both in the world and in Lithuania. In this paper we discuss the effect of state politics on construction economics and do a review of scientific research on experience in construction business in times of economic downturn. We do this by analyzing scientific literature and studying the experience of businessmen working in the construction area. The fastest‑growing Lithuanian cities (Vilnius and Klaipėda) were the first ones to react to changes in the market and they reacted most painfully. Of all construction production components (work, materials, machines) the fastest growing and increasing in price was the work pay. This led to the biggest work pay decline at times of economic downturn. State commissions seem more appealing to more and more construction organizations. Construction control authorities have to very thoroughly familiarize themselves with technical and economical positions of organizations offering the service.

This paper analyzes general economic crisis and its effect on industry. Construction sector is an important part of production – one new immediate workplace on a construction site incites the establishment of two or more workplaces in other industry branches. After the bursting of the real estate bubble the effects of crisis on construction and real estate sectors are very tangible both in the world and in Lithuania. In this paper we discuss the effect of state politics on construction economics and do a review of scientific research on experience in construction business in times of economic downturn. We do this by analyzing scientific literature and studying the experience of businessmen working in the construction area. The fastest‑growing Lithuanian cities (Vilnius and Klaipėda) were the first ones to react to changes in the market and they reacted most painfully. Of all construction production components (work, materials, machines) the fastest growing and increasing in price was the work pay. This led to the biggest work pay decline at times of economic downturn. State commissions seem more appealing to more and more construction organizations. Construction control authorities have to very thoroughly familiarize themselves with technical and economical positions of organizations offering the service.

In article, the state of Lithuania's politics in 2003-2004 has been looked into through the prism of the analytical dimension of a political crisis. The causes of the political crisis have been analyzed by methods of political sociology. Attention has been focused on the contradictions of post-communist pro-capitalism. Emphasis has been placed on the fact that crisis is actually the expression of the lack of adequate reaction of the political process to the procapitalism contradictions. In the presence of crisis, a question in put forward whether the establishment of political democracy in Lithuania can be considered to be truly irreversible.

In article, the state of Lithuania's politics in 2003-2004 has been looked into through the prism of the analytical dimension of a political crisis. The causes of the political crisis have been analyzed by methods of political sociology. Attention has been focused on the contradictions of post-communist pro-capitalism. Emphasis has been placed on the fact that crisis is actually the expression of the lack of adequate reaction of the political process to the procapitalism contradictions. In the presence of crisis, a question in put forward whether the establishment of political democracy in Lithuania can be considered to be truly irreversible.

In article, the state of Lithuania's politics in 2003-2004 has been looked into through the prism of the analytical dimension of a political crisis. The causes of the political crisis have been analyzed by methods of political sociology. Attention has been focused on the contradictions of post-communist pro-capitalism. Emphasis has been placed on the fact that crisis is actually the expression of the lack of adequate reaction of the political process to the procapitalism contradictions. In the presence of crisis, a question in put forward whether the establishment of political democracy in Lithuania can be considered to be truly irreversible.

In article, the state of Lithuania's politics in 2003-2004 has been looked into through the prism of the analytical dimension of a political crisis. The causes of the political crisis have been analyzed by methods of political sociology. Attention has been focused on the contradictions of post-communist pro-capitalism. Emphasis has been placed on the fact that crisis is actually the expression of the lack of adequate reaction of the political process to the procapitalism contradictions. In the presence of crisis, a question in put forward whether the establishment of political democracy in Lithuania can be considered to be truly irreversible.

What Determined Chancellor A. Merkel's Position on the Migrant Crisis? This paper examines Merkel's leadership during the Migrant Crisis. In my masters Thesis, I relied on the analysis already performed, namely in purifying the Chancellor's personality, the peculiarities and features of her management, and the exceptional qualities of a leader. Additionally, the very concept of leadership used in the work, its operationalisation. This work will also refine the success indicators of the migrant crisis management and the empirical part, which will apply analytical and qualitative models and consistently present Merkel's decisions during crisis management, as well as analyse the decisions' success in retrospect - what led to the Chancellor's key decisions during the crisis. As the German Chancellor has been and continues to be one of the European Union's key decision-makers, her role and analysis of her decisions is particularly relevant given that the issue of military action in Syria and Turkey's disagreements with the EU / NATO is once again high on the European agenda.

What Determined Chancellor A. Merkel's Position on the Migrant Crisis? This paper examines Merkel's leadership during the Migrant Crisis. In my masters Thesis, I relied on the analysis already performed, namely in purifying the Chancellor's personality, the peculiarities and features of her management, and the exceptional qualities of a leader. Additionally, the very concept of leadership used in the work, its operationalisation. This work will also refine the success indicators of the migrant crisis management and the empirical part, which will apply analytical and qualitative models and consistently present Merkel's decisions during crisis management, as well as analyse the decisions' success in retrospect - what led to the Chancellor's key decisions during the crisis. As the German Chancellor has been and continues to be one of the European Union's key decision-makers, her role and analysis of her decisions is particularly relevant given that the issue of military action in Syria and Turkey's disagreements with the EU / NATO is once again high on the European agenda.