In modern democratic societies, political life is embodied through the actions of political parties, their duly elected leaders, and various political ideologies. In this context, political discourse, which records a variety of opinions and, frequently, their conflict, becomes an inseparable element of political culture. Conflict communication in political discourse may be perceived as the main research object of political linguistics, because the attack and winning of governmental positions occur in the context of the conflict of various political forces. That conflict is expressed through discourse. The conceptual metaphors the STATE IS A BUILDING, POLITICS IS A JOURNEY, LITHUANIAN POLITICS IS A SICK PERSON and POLITICS IS WAR prevail in Paksas's political discourse. These conceptual metaphors are generally typical of political discourse. The conceptual metaphors which provide a basis for text creation through linguistic metaphors allow the features of a victim to be attributed to Paksas. His opponents are granted the characteristics of attackers, people who are destroying the state, obstacles in the way of democracy who confuse ideological enemies with enemies of war.
In modern democratic societies, political life is embodied through the actions of political parties, their duly elected leaders, and various political ideologies. In this context, political discourse, which records a variety of opinions and, frequently, their conflict, becomes an inseparable element of political culture. Conflict communication in political discourse may be perceived as the main research object of political linguistics, because the attack and winning of governmental positions occur in the context of the conflict of various political forces. That conflict is expressed through discourse. The conceptual metaphors the STATE IS A BUILDING, POLITICS IS A JOURNEY, LITHUANIAN POLITICS IS A SICK PERSON and POLITICS IS WAR prevail in Paksas's political discourse. These conceptual metaphors are generally typical of political discourse. The conceptual metaphors which provide a basis for text creation through linguistic metaphors allow the features of a victim to be attributed to Paksas. His opponents are granted the characteristics of attackers, people who are destroying the state, obstacles in the way of democracy who confuse ideological enemies with enemies of war.
In modern democratic societies, political life is embodied through the actions of political parties, their duly elected leaders, and various political ideologies. In this context, political discourse, which records a variety of opinions and, frequently, their conflict, becomes an inseparable element of political culture. Conflict communication in political discourse may be perceived as the main research object of political linguistics, because the attack and winning of governmental positions occur in the context of the conflict of various political forces. That conflict is expressed through discourse. The conceptual metaphors the STATE IS A BUILDING, POLITICS IS A JOURNEY, LITHUANIAN POLITICS IS A SICK PERSON and POLITICS IS WAR prevail in Paksas's political discourse. These conceptual metaphors are generally typical of political discourse. The conceptual metaphors which provide a basis for text creation through linguistic metaphors allow the features of a victim to be attributed to Paksas. His opponents are granted the characteristics of attackers, people who are destroying the state, obstacles in the way of democracy who confuse ideological enemies with enemies of war.
In modern democratic societies, political life is embodied through the actions of political parties, their duly elected leaders, and various political ideologies. In this context, political discourse, which records a variety of opinions and, frequently, their conflict, becomes an inseparable element of political culture. Conflict communication in political discourse may be perceived as the main research object of political linguistics, because the attack and winning of governmental positions occur in the context of the conflict of various political forces. That conflict is expressed through discourse. The conceptual metaphors the STATE IS A BUILDING, POLITICS IS A JOURNEY, LITHUANIAN POLITICS IS A SICK PERSON and POLITICS IS WAR prevail in Paksas's political discourse. These conceptual metaphors are generally typical of political discourse. The conceptual metaphors which provide a basis for text creation through linguistic metaphors allow the features of a victim to be attributed to Paksas. His opponents are granted the characteristics of attackers, people who are destroying the state, obstacles in the way of democracy who confuse ideological enemies with enemies of war.
This article examines the complex interactions of policy and media discourses and public attitudes as contextual factors which contribute to the creation of a social-cultural environment for the integration of refugees. It applies comparative integration context, system justification and sanctioned theories and identifies the discursive practices and implications for maintaining the existing socio-political system of the host country. Critical discourse analysis of policy, media, semi-structured and focus groups interviews of experts, refugees, and policy actors reveal the normative assumptions about integration policies which provide the prospects for interpretation about the creation of both distances and opportunities for interaction between the host society and refugees.
This article examines the complex interactions of policy and media discourses and public attitudes as contextual factors which contribute to the creation of a social-cultural environment for the integration of refugees. It applies comparative integration context, system justification and sanctioned theories and identifies the discursive practices and implications for maintaining the existing socio-political system of the host country. Critical discourse analysis of policy, media, semi-structured and focus groups interviews of experts, refugees, and policy actors reveal the normative assumptions about integration policies which provide the prospects for interpretation about the creation of both distances and opportunities for interaction between the host society and refugees.
This article examines the complex interactions of policy and media discourses and public attitudes as contextual factors which contribute to the creation of a social-cultural environment for the integration of refugees. It applies comparative integration context, system justification and sanctioned theories and identifies the discursive practices and implications for maintaining the existing socio-political system of the host country. Critical discourse analysis of policy, media, semi-structured and focus groups interviews of experts, refugees, and policy actors reveal the normative assumptions about integration policies which provide the prospects for interpretation about the creation of both distances and opportunities for interaction between the host society and refugees.
This article examines the complex interactions of policy and media discourses and public attitudes as contextual factors which contribute to the creation of a social-cultural environment for the integration of refugees. It applies comparative integration context, system justification and sanctioned theories and identifies the discursive practices and implications for maintaining the existing socio-political system of the host country. Critical discourse analysis of policy, media, semi-structured and focus groups interviews of experts, refugees, and policy actors reveal the normative assumptions about integration policies which provide the prospects for interpretation about the creation of both distances and opportunities for interaction between the host society and refugees.
Primarily, mass media, together with online dailies, which became popular due to its activity changes, makes an increasing impact on thinking, beliefs and conduct of the society. By emphasizing aspects of various actual social issues of the society in news agendas, such as emigration, and framing them in a discourse, mass media influences an attitude of the society toward the issue of emigration; it forms an assessment of the country of origin and induces to make decisions whether to stay or leave a country. The article presents the results of a pilot research of emigration discourse framing in Lithuanian online dailies delfi.lt and 15min.lt. Precisely, the research aims at examining an emigration discourse constructed in Lithuanian online dailies and identifying the role of mass media in representing an issue of emigration. The research is carried out by combining the methods of a quantitative content analysis and a critical discourse analysis under the discourse research methodology of N. Fairclough. Furthermore, the research has revealed that the role of mass media in representing emigration can be assessed as a formation of tendencies and regularities that motivate to depart from Lithuania. The pursuit of mass media to form tendencies is revealed by a demand to enlighten an issue of emigration in a field of political realities and international events, which are particularly significant to Lithuania, to provide a topic of emigration in the most readable news sections of online dailies, not describing it in detail, but relating it to the most favorable public realities, namely, the welfare of the people and the financial situation of the country. The issue of emigration presented in mass media is constructed by a negative one-sided discourse, which forms positive frames of emigration. Moreover, it has been ascertained that a negative valuation of Lithuania as the country of origin is predominant in online dailies. There are very distinct tendencies to propagate an economic migration, whereas a positive evaluation of the country is very abstract and it does not reveal any specific peculiarities of Lithuania, which would be a reason to stay in this country. Finally, the emigration discourse in online dailies can by characterized by an emotional, biased rhetoric, which further intensifies an expression of tendencies formed by mass media.
Primarily, mass media, together with online dailies, which became popular due to its activity changes, makes an increasing impact on thinking, beliefs and conduct of the society. By emphasizing aspects of various actual social issues of the society in news agendas, such as emigration, and framing them in a discourse, mass media influences an attitude of the society toward the issue of emigration; it forms an assessment of the country of origin and induces to make decisions whether to stay or leave a country. The article presents the results of a pilot research of emigration discourse framing in Lithuanian online dailies delfi.lt and 15min.lt. Precisely, the research aims at examining an emigration discourse constructed in Lithuanian online dailies and identifying the role of mass media in representing an issue of emigration. The research is carried out by combining the methods of a quantitative content analysis and a critical discourse analysis under the discourse research methodology of N. Fairclough. Furthermore, the research has revealed that the role of mass media in representing emigration can be assessed as a formation of tendencies and regularities that motivate to depart from Lithuania. The pursuit of mass media to form tendencies is revealed by a demand to enlighten an issue of emigration in a field of political realities and international events, which are particularly significant to Lithuania, to provide a topic of emigration in the most readable news sections of online dailies, not describing it in detail, but relating it to the most favorable public realities, namely, the welfare of the people and the financial situation of the country. The issue of emigration presented in mass media is constructed by a negative one-sided discourse, which forms positive frames of emigration. Moreover, it has been ascertained that a negative valuation of Lithuania as the country of origin is predominant in online dailies. There are very distinct tendencies to propagate an economic migration, whereas a positive evaluation of the country is very abstract and it does not reveal any specific peculiarities of Lithuania, which would be a reason to stay in this country. Finally, the emigration discourse in online dailies can by characterized by an emotional, biased rhetoric, which further intensifies an expression of tendencies formed by mass media.
Primarily, mass media, together with online dailies, which became popular due to its activity changes, makes an increasing impact on thinking, beliefs and conduct of the society. By emphasizing aspects of various actual social issues of the society in news agendas, such as emigration, and framing them in a discourse, mass media influences an attitude of the society toward the issue of emigration; it forms an assessment of the country of origin and induces to make decisions whether to stay or leave a country. The article presents the results of a pilot research of emigration discourse framing in Lithuanian online dailies delfi.lt and 15min.lt. Precisely, the research aims at examining an emigration discourse constructed in Lithuanian online dailies and identifying the role of mass media in representing an issue of emigration. The research is carried out by combining the methods of a quantitative content analysis and a critical discourse analysis under the discourse research methodology of N. Fairclough. Furthermore, the research has revealed that the role of mass media in representing emigration can be assessed as a formation of tendencies and regularities that motivate to depart from Lithuania. The pursuit of mass media to form tendencies is revealed by a demand to enlighten an issue of emigration in a field of political realities and international events, which are particularly significant to Lithuania, to provide a topic of emigration in the most readable news sections of online dailies, not describing it in detail, but relating it to the most favorable public realities, namely, the welfare of the people and the financial situation of the country. The issue of emigration presented in mass media is constructed by a negative one-sided discourse, which forms positive frames of emigration. Moreover, it has been ascertained that a negative valuation of Lithuania as the country of origin is predominant in online dailies. There are very distinct tendencies to propagate an economic migration, whereas a positive evaluation of the country is very abstract and it does not reveal any specific peculiarities of Lithuania, which would be a reason to stay in this country. Finally, the emigration discourse in online dailies can by characterized by an emotional, biased rhetoric, which further intensifies an expression of tendencies formed by mass media.
Primarily, mass media, together with online dailies, which became popular due to its activity changes, makes an increasing impact on thinking, beliefs and conduct of the society. By emphasizing aspects of various actual social issues of the society in news agendas, such as emigration, and framing them in a discourse, mass media influences an attitude of the society toward the issue of emigration; it forms an assessment of the country of origin and induces to make decisions whether to stay or leave a country. The article presents the results of a pilot research of emigration discourse framing in Lithuanian online dailies delfi.lt and 15min.lt. Precisely, the research aims at examining an emigration discourse constructed in Lithuanian online dailies and identifying the role of mass media in representing an issue of emigration. The research is carried out by combining the methods of a quantitative content analysis and a critical discourse analysis under the discourse research methodology of N. Fairclough. Furthermore, the research has revealed that the role of mass media in representing emigration can be assessed as a formation of tendencies and regularities that motivate to depart from Lithuania. The pursuit of mass media to form tendencies is revealed by a demand to enlighten an issue of emigration in a field of political realities and international events, which are particularly significant to Lithuania, to provide a topic of emigration in the most readable news sections of online dailies, not describing it in detail, but relating it to the most favorable public realities, namely, the welfare of the people and the financial situation of the country. The issue of emigration presented in mass media is constructed by a negative one-sided discourse, which forms positive frames of emigration. Moreover, it has been ascertained that a negative valuation of Lithuania as the country of origin is predominant in online dailies. There are very distinct tendencies to propagate an economic migration, whereas a positive evaluation of the country is very abstract and it does not reveal any specific peculiarities of Lithuania, which would be a reason to stay in this country. Finally, the emigration discourse in online dailies can by characterized by an emotional, biased rhetoric, which further intensifies an expression of tendencies formed by mass media.
The research paper "Public Discourse on Lithuanian Higher Education" discloses that despite the achievements and international recognition, society is critical of the higher education system and university activities. The discrepancy between the assessment results by the Lithuanian society and international, might be possible due to the biased information provided by the media. The public discourse on higher education concentrates on the higher education image building process and aims to provide the answers to the questions: what, how and why the media builds that type of image and what the consequences are. The purpose of the research was to analyze the data from the articles on higher education in the traditional and internet media during the period September 2005 to March 2006. The findings prove that the majority of the articles on higher education are critical. The number and the content of the articles disclosed a tendency to build a negative image of the higher education institutions in the media. Opinion leaders put forward a message that the following stakeholders are not satisfied with the quality of higher education: students, young scientists and employers. Critique of the higher education management ranked as the most frequent among other topics on higher education. This closely relates to other internal problems of higher education institution which provoke critical reaction from the public. The author states that corruption, protectionism, stagnation in the higher education, are the topics that are easily understood by the general public and escalate negative image building. The research on the frequency of mentioning higher education topic by months, show that even in the context of other important higher education related events, the topics mentioned above prevail. Comparing the attitudes on education topics created by the media to public statistical data, we have noticed that the media manipulates statistical data and other discourse facts and statements to promote a negative higher education image. Since the majority of the Lithuanian society are not familiar with the Lithuanian laws on higher education and EU documents, they do not distinqiush between college and university education which makes it easy to charnel a biased and distorted information through the media. The lack of information on the international tendencies in higher education can also help to view the local problems as unique. Comparison of the ways the problems are presented in Great Britain and Lithuanian media show different attitudes and aims. Only a close cooperation between the stakeholders (students, higher education institution, government, businesses) can guarantee quality higher education. Likewise, these stakeholders are responsible for the state and the quality of the higher education. However, only the businesses avoid the critique in the media. Moreover, the statements made by the businesses on higher education, protection of the areas directly related to business and ignoring and treating other areas as inferior, show their attempt to re- organize universities to serve their purposes only and to equally participate in the allocation of the EU structural funds. Thus, we make a preposition that certain business groups are responsible for the negative image building of the higher education in Lithuania. This divides the academic society, as well as Lithuanian society and involves into fruitless debates, postpones decision making, reform implementation and development of the higher education. Abundance of the critical articles diminishes the value of the higher education in the eyes of the Lithuanian society.
The research paper "Public Discourse on Lithuanian Higher Education" discloses that despite the achievements and international recognition, society is critical of the higher education system and university activities. The discrepancy between the assessment results by the Lithuanian society and international, might be possible due to the biased information provided by the media. The public discourse on higher education concentrates on the higher education image building process and aims to provide the answers to the questions: what, how and why the media builds that type of image and what the consequences are. The purpose of the research was to analyze the data from the articles on higher education in the traditional and internet media during the period September 2005 to March 2006. The findings prove that the majority of the articles on higher education are critical. The number and the content of the articles disclosed a tendency to build a negative image of the higher education institutions in the media. Opinion leaders put forward a message that the following stakeholders are not satisfied with the quality of higher education: students, young scientists and employers. Critique of the higher education management ranked as the most frequent among other topics on higher education. This closely relates to other internal problems of higher education institution which provoke critical reaction from the public. The author states that corruption, protectionism, stagnation in the higher education, are the topics that are easily understood by the general public and escalate negative image building. The research on the frequency of mentioning higher education topic by months, show that even in the context of other important higher education related events, the topics mentioned above prevail. Comparing the attitudes on education topics created by the media to public statistical data, we have noticed that the media manipulates statistical data and other discourse facts and statements to promote a negative higher education image. Since the majority of the Lithuanian society are not familiar with the Lithuanian laws on higher education and EU documents, they do not distinqiush between college and university education which makes it easy to charnel a biased and distorted information through the media. The lack of information on the international tendencies in higher education can also help to view the local problems as unique. Comparison of the ways the problems are presented in Great Britain and Lithuanian media show different attitudes and aims. Only a close cooperation between the stakeholders (students, higher education institution, government, businesses) can guarantee quality higher education. Likewise, these stakeholders are responsible for the state and the quality of the higher education. However, only the businesses avoid the critique in the media. Moreover, the statements made by the businesses on higher education, protection of the areas directly related to business and ignoring and treating other areas as inferior, show their attempt to re- organize universities to serve their purposes only and to equally participate in the allocation of the EU structural funds. Thus, we make a preposition that certain business groups are responsible for the negative image building of the higher education in Lithuania. This divides the academic society, as well as Lithuanian society and involves into fruitless debates, postpones decision making, reform implementation and development of the higher education. Abundance of the critical articles diminishes the value of the higher education in the eyes of the Lithuanian society.
The rhetoric and the stylistics – the choice of text style, genre, and rhetorical devices – of Soviet bad news discourse is analysed in this paper. This discourse is represented by 193 reports regarding disasters, crimes, and violation of socialistic moral which were published in the daily paper Komjaunimo tiesa (eng. The Truth of the Komsomol) in 1970–1973. It was found that the bad news in the selection of official texts of this period distinguishes by a much lower register of Newspeak – unlike as in the articles of first pages, there is almost no pathos here, the militaristic metaphors are used in the text of the article only, but they cannot be seen in the headings. One of the main rhetorical devices is an irony, which is created by using phraseology, jargon, famous quotes, dialogues, etc., – everything, which looks like a daily colloquial language. The choice of text form which is more related to fiction than to journalism (essay, satire) may be treated as one of the pretexts which justify in the eyes of the readers an idea of an author to write in a different language than it was ordinary in the context of ideologized press language of that period. By using the corresponding rhetoric, they believed to accomplish the propagandistic aim of these texts more efficiently – to suggest an image of more safe, democratic, successful, and self-critical country than it really was.
