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Ballot position effects have been documented across a variety of political and electoral systems. In general, knowledge of the underlying mechanisms is limited. There is also little research on such effects in preferential-list PR systems, in which parties typically present ranked lists and thus signaling is important. This study addresses both gaps. Theoretically, we formalize four models of voter decision-making: pure appeal-based utility maximization, implying no position effects; rank-taking, where voters take cues from ballot position per se; satisficing, where choice is a function of appeal, but voters consider the options in the order of their appearance; and a hybrid "satisficing-with-rank-taking" variant. From these, we derive differential observable implications. Empirically, we exploit a quasi-experiment, created by the mixed-member electoral system that is used in the state of Bavaria, Germany. Particular electoral rules induce variation in both the observed rank and the set of competitors, and allow for estimating effects at all ranks. We find clear evidence for substantial position effects, which are strongest near the top, but discernible even for the 15th list position. In addition, a candidate's vote increases when the average appeal of higher-placed (but not that of lower-placed) competitors is lower. Overall, the evidence is most compatible with the hybrid satisficing-with-rank-taking model. Ballot position thus affects both judgment and choice of candidates. ; ISSN:0190-9320 ; ISSN:1573-6687

WOS: 000350998600002 ; The level structure of the neutron-rich Cu-69, Cu-71, and Cu-73 isotopes has been investigated by means of multinucleon transfer reactions. The experiment was performed at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro using the AGATA Demonstrator array coupled to the PRISMA magnetic spectrometer. Lifetimes of excited states in Cu nuclei were measured with the recoil-distance Doppler-shift method. The resulting electromagnetic matrix elements for transitions from excited states in Cu-69,Cu-71,Cu-73 nuclei are used to assess the collective or single-particle character of these states. The results are compared with predictions of large-scale shell-model calculations, giving further insight into the evolution of the proton pf shell as neutrons fill the 1g(9/2) orbital. ; European Union Seventh Framework Program FP7 [262010]; ENSAR; MINECO, Spain [FPA2011-29854-C03, FPA2011-29854-C04, Consolider-Ingenio 2010 CSD2007-00042]; Generalitat Valenciana, Spain [PROMETEOII/2014/019] ; This work has been partially supported by the European Union Seventh Framework Program FP7/2007-2013 under Grant Agreement No. 262010, ENSAR and MINECO, Spain, under Grants No. FPA2011-29854-C03 and No. FPA2011-29854-C04, Generalitat Valenciana, Spain, under Grant No. PROMETEOII/2014/019, and MINECO, Spain, under Grant Consolider-Ingenio 2010 CSD2007-00042.

The Walking for Health programme was established in 2001 and continues to be an integral part of Government policy to address the health and wellbeing of the population in Northern Ireland. The programme is delivered through HSC Trusts across Northern Ireland and is supported by the Public Health Agency. Walking for Health aims to encourage inactive people to increase their level of physical activity by participating in local led health walks.

[EN] We present a combined theoretical-experimental study aiming to provide information about the location and coordination environment of the Cu2+ species involved in the selective reduction of NOx with NH3 catalyzed by Cu-zeolites. From the experimental side, we show and discuss the EPR spectra of the three molecular sieves most widely used as catalysts for the NH3-SCR-NOx reaction, namely Cu-SSZ-13, Cu-SAPO-34 and Cu-ZSM-5 both in their hydrated state and after dehydration. Then, we investigate the EPR spectra of Cu-SSZ-13 and Cu-SAPO-34 under the following conditions: (i) after NH3 adsorption, (ii) after NO addition, and (iii) in the presence of a NO/O-2 mixture. As regards the theoretical part, an exhaustive computational study has been performed that includes geometry optimization and calculation of the EPR parameters of all the relevant systems involved in the NH3-SCR-NOx reaction. The influence of local geometry and Al/Si distribution in the zeolite framework on the EPR parameters and the most probable location of Cu2+ in each material are analyzed, and assignations of the EPR signals obtained under different reaction conditions are discussed. ; This work has been supported by the Spanish Government through Severo Ochoa Program (SEV 2012-0267), MAT2015-71261-R and CTQ2015-68951-C3-1-R, and by the European Union through ERC-AdG-2014-671093 (SynCatMatch). Red Española de Supercomputación (RES) and Centre de Càlcul de la Universitat de Valencia are gratefully acknowledged for computational resources and technical support. E.F.V. thanks MINECO for her fellowship SVP-2013-068146. ; Fernández-Villanueva, E.; Moreno González, M.; Moliner Marin, M.; Blasco Lanzuela, T.; Boronat Zaragoza, M.; Corma Canós, A. (2018). Modeling of EPR Parameters for Cu(II): Application to the Selective Reduction of NOx Catalyzed by Cu-Zeolites. Topics in Catalysis. 61(9-11):810-832. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-018-0929-y ; S ; 810 ; 832 ; 61 ; 9-11 ; Chen H-Y (2014) In: Nova I, Tronconi E (eds) Urea-SCR technology for deNOx after ...

This paper examines the implications associated with a recent Supreme Court ruling, Kelo v. City of New London. Kelo can be interpreted as supporting eminent domain as a means of transferring property rights from one set of private agents - landowners - to another private agent - a developer. Under voluntary exchange, where the developer sequentially acquires property rights from landowners via bargaining, a holdout problem arises. Eminent domain gives all of the bargaining power to the developer and, as a result, eliminates the holdout problem. This is the benefit of Kelo. However, landowners lose all their bargaining power and, as a result, their property investments become more inefficient. This is the cost of Kelo. A policy of eminent domain increases social welfare compared to voluntary sequential exchange only when the holdout problem is severe, and this occurs only if the developer has very little bargaining power. We propose an alternative government policy that eliminates the holdout problem but does not affect the bargaining power of the various parties. This alternative policy strictly dominates a policy of eminent domain, which implies that eminent domain is an inefficient way to transfer property rights between private agents.

Lead-free halide double perovskites (A(2)B(I)B(III)X(6)) with attractive optical and electronic features are considered to be a promising candidate to overcome the toxicity and stability issues of lead halide perovskites (APbX(3)). However, their poor absorption profiles limit device performance. Here the absorption band edge of Cs(2)AgBiBr(6)double perovskite to the near-infrared range is significantly broadened by developing doped double perovskites, Cs-2(Ag:Cu)BiBr6. The partial replacement of Ag ions by Cu ions in the crystal lattice is confirmed by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) measurements. Cu doping barely affects the bandgap of Cs2AgBiBr6; instead it introduces subbandgap states with strong absorption to the near-infrared range. More interestingly, the near-infrared absorption can generate band carriers upon excitation, as indicated by the photoconductivity measurement. This work sheds new light on the absorption modulation of halide double perovskites for future efficient optoelectronic devices. ; Funding Agencies|Knut and Alice Wallenberg FoundationKnut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation [KAW 2019.0082]; Swedish Energy AgencySwedish Energy Agency [2018-004357]; Grant Agency of the Czech RepublicGrant Agency of the Czech Republic [GA19-05259S]; VR Starting Grant [2019-05279]; Carl Tryggers Stiftelse; Olle Engkvist Byggmastare Stiftelse; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linkoping University (Faculty Grant SFO-Mat-LiU) [2009-00971]; China Scholarship Council (CSC)China Scholarship Council; Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation of NUST "MISIS" [K2-2019-001, 211]; Swedish Research Council (VR)Swedish Research Council [2019-05551]; Swedish Research CouncilSwedish Research Council [2016-07213]

H– and Na–saponite supports have been prepared by several synthesis approaches. 5% Cu/saponite catalysts have been prepared and tested for soot combustion in a NOx + O2 + N2 gas flow and with soot and catalyst mixed in loose contact mode. XRD, FT-IR, N2 adsorption and TEM characterization results revealed that the use of either surfactant or microwaves during the synthesis led to delamination of the saponite support, yielding high surface area and small crystallite size materials. The degree of delamination affected further copper oxide dispersion and soot combustion capacity of the Cu/saponite catalysts. All Cu/saponite catalysts were active for soot combustion, and the NO2-assisted mechanism seemed to prevail. The best activity was achieved with copper oxide supported on a Na–saponite prepared at pH 13 and with surfactant. This best activity was attributed to the efficient copper oxide dispersion on the high surface area delaminated saponite (603 m2 g−1) and to the presence of Na. Copper oxide reduction in H2-TPR experiments occurred at lower temperature for the Na-containing catalysts than for the H-containing counterparts, and all Cu/Na–saponite catalysts were more active for soot combustion than the corresponding Cu/H–saponite catalysts. ; The financial support of Generalitat Valenciana (Project PROMETEOII/2014/010), Catalan Government (2014SGR1146), Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Projects CTQ2012-30703 and CTQ2011-24610) and UE (FEDER funding) is acknowledged.

Islam is a universal religion that regulates all aspects of life, including teachings about religious harmony. Normatively, the Koran has included verses related to religious pluralism, multiculturalism and tolerance of religious life. Historically the Medina pajamas are historical witnesses that the Prophet laid the foundation and became an example in living a life of different religions and cultures. For Muslims in Indonesia the elimination of seven words in the Jakarta pajamas is a tangible form of inter-religious harmony shown by Muslims. Likewise with the Confucian religion, there are teachings that can lead its adherents to live in harmony with other religions, among the teachings or five noble characteristics of Wu Chang, which are seen as the concept of teachings that can create a harmonious life. The two religions generally maintain harmony with each other, but in particular there are often misunderstandings such as reality shows that there are not a few actions that deviate from the values of tolerance. The method in this discussion uses a library research (library research), with a qualitative approach. The results of this discussion illustrate that Islam and Confucianism positively support the existence of tolerance between religious communities and the government. Furthermore, religious tolerance has limits that must be maintained and respected, for example in the form of the social interests of the two teachings, while regarding the creed, both are not allowed to tolerate. The similarity of tolerance according to both is the harmony of life between religious communities, which is something that is mentioned in the Al-Quran and the book of Lun Yu. Like mutual respect, please help and be fair to every people. Meanwhile, what distinguishes religious tolerance is that Islam does not allow marriage to a non-Muslim, while Confucianism allows marriage to people of different religions

Judgement and decision making are essential functions of the cognitive system. The present paper exposes key elements of the psychological theory which best accounts for human decision making. Decision making can be a flawed process. Loss aversion, framing effects, and differences across individuals are presented to highlight the irrational aspect of human risk taking. We reveal evidence of various cognitive distortions as compared to normalised decisions. It has been shown that expertise acquisition can compensate part of these cognitive distortions. Yet, recent evidence shows that experts in different civilizations retain civilizational risk propensities. Such evidence thus challenges the notion that knowledge is sufficient for perfect rationality in decision making; throwing the idea that politics is served by informed individuals making rational decisions under a severe cloud. The consequences of flawed human decisions regarding risk taking at a grand scale and by educated individuals is discussed. It is demonstrated that risk tolerance in different civilizations leads to different actions. This basic phenomenon is used to demonstrate how powerful states may misread potential reactions of less powerful states, which historically, can and has led to costly wars. Understanding the opponents' psychology is a well-known factor for chess players, which, so far, has not been explored much in political psychology.

The mobility of the copper cations acting as active sites for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides with ammonia in Cu-CHA catalysts varies with temperature and feed composition. Herein, the migration of [Cu(NH3)2]+ complexes between two adjacent cavities of the chabazite structure, including other reactant molecules (NO, O2, H2O, and NH3), in the initial and final cavities is investigated using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations combined with enhanced sampling techniques to describe hopping events from one cage to the other. We find that such diffusion is only significantly hindered by the presence of excess NH3 or NO in the initial cavity, since both reactants form with [Cu(NH3)2]+ stable intermediates which are too bulky to cross the 8-ring windows connecting the cavities. The presence of O2 modifies strongly the interaction of NO with Cu+. At low temperatures, we observe NO detachment from Cu+ and increased mobility of the [Cu(NH3)2]+ complex, while at high temperatures, NO reacts spontaneously with O2 to form NO2. The present simulations give evidence for recent experimental observations, namely, an NH3 inhibition effect on the SCR reaction at low temperatures, and transport limitations of NO and NH3 at high temperatures. Our first principle simulations mimicking operating conditions support the existence of two different reaction mechanisms operating at low and high temperatures, the former involving dimeric Cu(NH3)2-O2-Cu(NH3)2 species and the latter occurring by direct NO oxidation to NO2 in one single cavity. ; This work has been supported by the Spanish Government through Severo Ochoa (SEV-2016-0683, MINECO), and MAT2017-82288-C2-1-P (AEI/FEDER, UE) projects, and by CSIC through the i-link+ program (LINKA20381). We thankfully acknowledge Red Española de Supercomputación (RES) and Servei d'Informàtica de la Universitat de València (SIUV) for computational resources and technical support, the computer resources at Marenostrum4 (RES-QS-2020-1-0029 and RES-QS.2020-2-0015) and ...

The nuclear structure of neutron-rich nuclei close to the double-magic nucleus 78Ni has been investigated by measuring the lifetime of excited states. In this contribution, it will be presented the lifetime of the Jπ = 7=2 excited state at 981 keV of the 71Cu isotope, measured using the AGATA Demonstrator coupled to the PRISMA spectrometer and the Köln plunger setup. This is the first time this combined setup has been used for a lifetime measurement. ; This work has been partially supported by the grants FPA2008-06419, FPA2008-03774, AIC10-D-000605, AIC-D-2011-0764 and Consolider CSD2007-00042 from the Spanish Government and by INFN Italy. ; Peer Reviewed

E. Sahin et al.; 9 pags.; 8 figs.; 2 tabs.; PACS number(s): 21.10.Tg, 21.60.Cs, 23.20.Lv ; © 2015 American Physical Society. The level structure of the neutron-rich 69Cu,71Cu, and Cu73 isotopes has been investigated by means of multinucleon transfer reactions. The experiment was performed at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro using the AGATA Demonstrator array coupled to the PRISMA magnetic spectrometer. Lifetimes of excited states in Cu nuclei were measured with the recoil-distance Doppler-shift method. The resulting electromagnetic matrix elements for transitions from excited states in Cu69,71,73 nuclei are used to assess the collective or single-particle character of these states. The results are compared with predictions of large-scale shell-model calculations, giving further insight into the evolution of the proton pf shell as neutrons fill the 1g9/2 orbital. ; This work has been partially supported by the European Union Seventh Framework Program FP7/2007-2013 under Grant Agreement No. 262010, ENSAR and MINECO, Spain, under Grants No. FPA2011-29854-C03 and No. FPA2011- 29854-C04, Generalitat Valenciana, Spain, under Grant No. PROMETEOII/2014/019, and MINECO, Spain, under Grant Consolider-Ingenio 2010 CSD2007-00042. ; Peer Reviewed

Una dintre cele mai mari probleme ale poluării apei este creată de nitraţii rezultaţi din agricultură. Lucrarea de faţă îţi propune să evidenţieze principalele probleme legate de poluarea apei produsă de nitraţi în România şi UE. Nitraţii în exces se pot acumula în sol în mai multe moduţi în amoniac în sol. Amoniacul, împreună cu orice fertilizant cu amoniac, aplicat, este transformat de către bacteriile sol în nitraţi prin procesul numit nitrificare. Nitrificarea este importantă, deoarece plantele pot utiliza numai azotul sub formă de nitrat. Nitraţii sunt la fel de dăunători atât pentru animale cât şi pentru om.

The electrochemical reduction of CO2 represents an attractive alternative to both, satisfy the increasing energy demand, and to help closing the carbon cycle. However, the energy required for CO2 activation and the subsequent multiple number of proton-coupled electron transfer steps involved, makes this process very challenging. Besides, catalytic material limitations are hampering the application of this technology in the short term. Consequently, in this work we synthesise, characterise and preliminarily evaluate bimetallic Cu-based hollow fibre electrodes with a compact three-dimensional geometry to overcome mass transfer limitations and to enhance the electrochemical conversion of CO2. The Cu hollow fibres are functionalised with Au in an attempt to tune the binding energy of the CO* intermediate, which appears to be key in the reduction of CO2. The Cu fibres are also functionalised with Ni, aiming to decrease the reaction overpotential, resulting in beneficial energy efficiency. The so prepared Cu-based porous hollow fibre electrodes are obtained by spinning and electrodeposition procedures. The materials are then characterised by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Xray diffraction analyses and cyclic voltammetry tests. Finally, preliminary results of CO2 electroreduction in a divided three-electrode cell are reported. The results show the potential of highly active, bimetallic hollow fibre-based electrocatalysts for enhanced conversion of CO2 into value-added products, and deposition of particles should be performed with acre, not to effect pore characteristics and thus mass transfer properties. ; I. M-G would like to thank the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) for the Early Stage Researcher Contract, including the Research Stay grant (EEBB-I-17-12382) as well as the postdoctoral period of the predoctoral contract (BES-2014-070081). I. M-G, J. A and A. I gratefully acknowledge financial support from the MINECO through the projects CTQ2013-48280-C3-1-R and CTQ2016-76231-C2-1-R, as well as Ramón y Cajal programme (RYC-2015-17080). G. M also acknowledges NanoNextNL, a micro and nanotechnology consortium of the Government of the Netherlands and 130 partners.

International relations scholarship concerns dyads, yet standard modeling approaches fail to adequately capture the data generating process behind dyadic events and processes. As a result, they suffer from biased coefficients and poorly calibrated standard errors. We show how a regression-based approach, the Additive and Multiplicative Effects (AME) model, can be used to account for the inherent dependencies in dyadic data and glean substantive insights in the interrelations between actors. First, we conduct a simulation to highlight how the model captures dependencies and show that accounting for these processes improves our ability to conduct inference on dyadic data. Second, we compare the AME model to approaches used in three prominent studies from recent international relations scholarship. For each study, we find that compared to AME, the modeling approach used performs notably worse at capturing the data generating process. Further, conventional methods misstate the effect of key variables and the uncertainty in these effects. Finally, AME outperforms standard approaches in terms of out-of-sample fit. In sum, our work shows the consequences of failing to take the dependencies inherent to dyadic data seriously. Most importantly, by better modeling the data generating process underlying political phenomena, the AME framework improves scholars' ability to conduct inferential analyses on dyadic data.