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In 2015, the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) commissioned John Holden, visiting professor at City University, London, and associate at the think-tank Demos, to write a report on culture as part of its Cultural Value Project. The claim within the report was to redirect culture away from economic prescriptions and to focus on ecological approaches to &lsquo ; value&rsquo ; . Holden considers the application and use of ecological tropes to re-situate culture as &lsquo ; non-hierarchical&rsquo ; and as part of symbiotic social processes. By embracing metaphors of &lsquo ; emergence,&rsquo ; &lsquo ; interdependence,&rsquo ; &lsquo ; networks,&rsquo ; and &lsquo ; convergence,&rsquo ; he suggests we can &ldquo ; gain new understandings about how culture works, and these understandings in turn help with policy information and implementation&rdquo ; . This article addresses the role of &lsquo ; cultural critique&rsquo ; in the live environments and ecologies of place-making. It will consider, with examples, how cultural production, cultural practices, and cultural forms generate mixed ecologies of relations between aesthetic, psychic, economic, political, and ethical materialisms. With reference to a body of situated knowledges, derived from place studies to eco-regionalisms, urban to art criticisms, we will consider ecological thinking as a new mode of cultural critique for initiating arts and cultural policy change. Primarily, the operant concept of &lsquo ; environing&rsquo ; will be considered as the condition of possibility for the space of critique. This includes necessary and strategic actions, where mixed ecologies of cultural activity work against the disciplinary policing of space with new assemblages of distributed power

Abstract: I defend cultural relativism against the following objections: (i) The analogy between motion and morality is flawed. (ii) Cultural relativism has greater potential to be harmful to our daily lives than is cultural absolutism. (iii) We made moral progress when we
moved from slavery to equality. (iv) There are some moral principles that are accepted by all cultures around the world. (v) Moral argumentation is impossible within the framework of cultural relativism. (vi) We construct arguments for and against cultures.

ABSTRACT  The paper begins with a discussion of the definition of cultural industries. The paper's three main themes are concerned with, first: 1) a contestation of the generic application of the global commodity chain concept, 2) the need for a unique focus on cultural industries associated with the particular nature of its production process, and 3) the role of embedded judgments of quality is an integral part of this process. Second, the paper suggests that a restyled focus on production chains (involving the full cycle of production to use) might be more appropriate than "commodity chains" for this application. Finally, issues of spatiality and scale are discussed: it is argued that although global commodity chain debates explore linkages at a regional and national scale, they downplay linkages at the local level.

"Cultural Linguistics" -- "Editorial page" -- "Title page" -- "LCC data" -- "Table of contents" -- "List of figures" -- "About the author" -- "Acknowledgements" -- "Preface" -- "Note on transliteration conventions of Persian transcripts" -- "Chapter 1. Cultural Linguistics: An overview" -- "1.1 Cultural Linguistics" -- "1.2 The theoretical framework of Cultural Linguistics" -- "1.3 The analytical framework of Cultural Linguistics" -- "1.4 An assessment of Cultural Linguistics" -- "Chapter 2. Cultural conceptualisations and language: The analytical framework" -- "2.1 Cultural schemas" -- "2.2 Cultural categories" -- "2.3 Cultural metaphors" -- "2.3.1 Cultural metaphors relating to the Land" -- "2.3.2 Cultural metaphors relating to Medicine" -- "2.3.3 Creative cultural metaphors" -- "2.3.4 The cognitive processing continuum of cultural metaphors" -- "2.4 Concluding remarks" -- "Chapter 3. Embodied cultural metaphors" -- "3.1 Embodiment and embodied cognition" -- "3.2 Conceptualisations relating to del in contemporary Persian" -- "3.3 Del in psychological, intellectual, and person-bound concepts" -- "3.3.1 del as the seat of emotions, feelings, and desires" -- "3.3.2 del as the centre of thoughts and memories" -- "3.3.3 del as the centre of personality traits, character, and mood" -- "3.3.4 Summary" -- "3.4 Cultural conceptualisations behind the notion of del" -- "3.5 Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM) and temperature terms in Persian" -- "3.6 Concluding remarks" -- "Chapter 4. Research methods in Cultural Linguistics" -- "4.1 Conceptual-associative analysis" -- "4.2 Conceptual analysis of story recounts" -- "4.3 (Meta)discourse analysis" -- "4.4 Corpus-based analysis" -- "4.5 Ethnographic-conceptual text/visual analysis" -- "4.6 Diachronic/synchronic conceptual analysis" -- "4.7 Concluding remarks

The following thesis revolves around the research question what is the role of cultural surveys in Finnish cultural policy? In order to try to answer this question, elements were taken into consideration involving the relationship between these types of surveys and trends followed in Finnish cultural policy. Among the elements analysed were: the model of cultural policy in Finland and its shifts, the main cultural surveys carry out in Finland, the cultural surveys at a local level using as an example the case of Helsinki, and the adoption of indicators as measurements for effectiveness in public policy. The research methods used were a combination of a revision of official documents, together with six semi-structured interviews. The information found in documents such as "Effectiveness Indicators to Strengthen the Knowledge Base for Cultural Policy" elaborated by the Ministry of Education and Culture Finland (2011), or the Strategy Programme 20132016 of the city of Helsinki, facilitate the identification of formal discourses, while the data retrieved from the interviewees, -mostly decision makers and actors involved in the cultural field -, served as a complement. The research data has been analysed and interpreted using theoretical inputs from Foucault and his study of statistical knowledge in governmentality (1980, 2003, 2007), the models of cultural policy proposed by Hillman & McCaugheya (1989) and Mulcahy (1998), evidence-based policy and the new public management paradigm. From the results of the thesis can be concluded that although there is a connection between cultural surveys and cultural policy, changes in the latter are not in direct causality or in a linear mode with the former. There is a significant trend in Finnish government towards using surveys and statistical data as audit and assessment tools for effectiveness, nonetheless there is not a unified system to collect data in the cultural field, neither at the national level or at the local level.