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Culture manifests itself in everything human, including the ordinary business of everyday life. Culture and art have their own value, but economic values are also constrained. Art sponsorships and subsidies suggest a value that exceeds market price. So what is the real value of culture? Unlike the usual focus on formal problems, which has 'de-cultured' and 'de-moralized' the practice of economics, this book brings together economists, philosophers, historians, political scientists and artists to try to sort out the value of culture. This is a book not only for economists and social scientists, but also for anybody actively involved in the world of the arts and culture.

This volume examines the cultural contribution of religious institutes, men and women religious, and their role in the constitution of Catholic communities of communication in different European countries (England, Germany, Liechtenstein, the Low Countries, the Nordic Countries, Switzerland). The articles focus on social and cultural history by comparing both discourses and cultural and social practices, as well as examining international networks and cultural transference. How did religious institutes function as cultural elites in the production and mediation of knowledge, ideologies, cultural codes, and practices? What kind of discursive and operational strategies did they use to help construct and propagate social Catholicism, ultramontanism, and confessionalism, and to establish and promote the Catholic communication system? What were the central mechanisms in the production of knowledge and how were they incorporated within identity politics?0The volume also takes a broad perspective on the role of religious institutes in the production and propagation of religious, cultural, and social practices, and in the socialisation of the Catholic population. The focus is on cultural practices, on the transmission and transformation of attitudes, and on the rites and customs in everyday religious and social practices

Russia in Transition: Regional Integration, Media Censorship and Culture Institutes is an attempt to discuss the context of transition in the period of the last two decades in Russia, and give the panorama of Putin's ruling ideology in national and social development by examining his regional policy and media policy both diplomatically and domestically. Russia-China relations will be the crucial defining factor in terms of international security in the Asian-Pacific region and, as such, are d

Christou explores the phenomenon of 'return migration' in Greece through the settlement and identification processes of second-generation Greek-American returning migrants. She examines the meanings attached to the experience of return migration. The concepts of 'home' and 'belonging' figure prominently in the return migratory project which entails relocation and displacement as well as adjustment and alienation of bodies and selves. Furthermore, Christou considers the multiple interactions (social, cultural, political) between the place of origin and the place of destination; network ties; historical and global forces in the shaping of return migrant behaviour; and expressions of identity. The human geography of return migration extends beyond geographic movement into a diasporic journey involving (re)constructions of homeness and belongingness in the ancestral homeland. - Christoe onderzoekt in haar proefschrift Narratives of Place, Culture and Identity. Second-Generation Greek-Americans Return 'Home' de retourmigratie van Griekse-Amerikanen. Ze kijkt naar hoe deze migratie beleeft wordt door de migranten. Het concept 'thuis' en 'behoren bij' nemen in prominente plek in de belevingswereld van deze migranten in, evenals vervreemding en aanpassingsproblemen. Christou kijkt verder naar de interactie tussen de plaats van herkomst en de plaats van bestemming; netwerkverbanden, historische en wereldwijde invloeden op het gedrag van de migranten; en hoe deze migranten hun identiteit uiten.

Abstract The medical literature consumed and produced by the Oswaldo Cruz Institute and the circulation of its personnel in foreign institutions from its beginnings in 1900 through the Vargas coup d'état in Brazil in 1930 testify to the complex, multilingual and international nature of scientific networking in and beyond the belle époque and challenge notions of behavior associated with colonial economic models. To explore the parameters of the Institute's early organizational culture with respect to language, three of its publications from this period will be examined: a 1911 promotional booklet in German, which details the Institute's journal holdings and the publications of its researchers; a 1929 English-language travelogue of leprosy treatment centers worldwide; and the journal Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (1909-), which published articles in five languages during this period. The results indicate that the Institute's flexible, avidly multilingual language policy, partially the result of Brazil's peripheral, neutral political situation, led to a very strong multilateral position in the scientific community that provided both visibility and recognition as a full peer in the then-internationally emerging field of Tropical Medicine.

This first critical overview of the European film avant-garde ushers in a new approach and creates its own subject. Arguing that a European perspective is the only way to understand the film avant-garde of the 1920s and 1930s, Hagener provides a much-needed summary of the theory and practice of the movement. This incisive study also pioneers a new approach to the alternative cinema network that sustained the avant-garde, paying particular attention to the emergence of screening clubs, film festivals, and archives. - De avant-gardecinema in de jaren '20 en '30, was de eerste echte filmbeweging in Europa. Deze beweging bestond uit een kleine maar zeer dynamische groep filmmakers, die zich vestigde in steden als Amsterdam, Berlijn, Londen, Parijs en Moskou. Behalve met het maken van vooruitstrevende films, hielden deze cineasten zich ook bezig met de programmering van bioscopen en het organiseren van tentoonstellingen. Verder ontwikkelden ze filmtheorieën, brachten tijdschriften uit en richtten filmacademies op. De avant-gardisten hielden zich bezig met cinema in zijn totaliteit en probeerden film te veranderen in een geheel eigen medium en kunstvorm. Maar belangrijker was dat zij de cinema op de kaart hebben gezet als aparte culturele stroming en esthetische vorm van expressie. Hoewel ze niet al hun gestelde doelen hebben bereikt, slaagden de filmmakers er wel in filmcultuur te veranderen. Veel van hun ideeën en ontwikkelingen laten tot op de dag van vandaag hun sporen na. Malte Hagener gaat tot in detail in op de ontwikkeling van de avant-gardistische cinema. Van de ruïnes van de Eerste Wereldoorlog tot de hoopvolle jaren '20, gevolgd door de komst van geluidsfilm en de ontwikkeling van verschillende filmgenres in de jaren '30.

Based on multi-disciplinary studies conducted in Asia (India, Bhutan, China, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, New Zealand), this volume on Identity in Crossroad Civilisations: Ethnicity, Nationalism and Globalism in Asia demonstrates how identity is defined, negotiated and conceptualised in response to increasing globalisation in the region. Asian expressions of identity reflect, in many ways, their adaptability to the changing economic, political and social climates and at the same time question Samuel Huntington's popular yet controversial thesis on the clash of civilisations. This book also engages Benedict Anderson's idea of 'imagined communities' and shows how its operation impacts on both community and individual identity in an environment that is increasingly characterised by border crossings and transnationalism. Contemporary Asian realities, as examined in the essays, demonstrate the need to rethink previous notions of identity and nationalism. - Deze bundel gaat over de vorming van identiteit door het samenspel van etniciteit, nationalisme en de effecten van globalisering. De essays in Crossroad Civilisations: Ethnicity, Nationalism and Globalism in Asia maken de gelaagdheid en de complexiteit hiervan duidelijk.

Since the rise of the Taliban and Al Qaeda, the traditional Islamic schools known as the madrasa have frequently been portrayed as hotbeds of terrorism. For much longer, the madrasa has been considered by some as a backward and petrified impediment to social progress. However, for an important segment of the poor Muslim populations of Asia, madrasas constitute the only accessible form of education. This volume presents an overview of the madrasas in countries such as China, Indonesia, Malayisia, India and Pakistan. - Sinds de opkomst van de Taliban en Al Qaeda zijn madrasa's, de traditionele islamscholen, er vaak van beschuldigd kweekscholen voor terroristen te zijn. Al veel langer gelden ze als achterlijk en versteend, onverbeterlijke belemmeringen voor maatschappelijke vooruitgang. Anderzijds vormen ze voor een belangrijk deel van de arme moslimbevolking van Azië de enige toegankelijke vorm van onderwijs, uitzicht op een beter bestaan, en vanwege de talrijke transnationale connecties een venster op de buitenwereld. Dit boek geeft een genuanceerd beeld van de onbekende wereld achter de muren van deze scholen in Azië (van China en Indonesië tot Pakistan en Iran), en van de sociale en politieke rol die ze spelen.

The starting point of this book is the acknowledgement that on one side Chinese individuals, freer from the constraints of the State, have to rely on their own efforts for their well-being and, on the other side, in some circumstances, they gather together to defend their interests. The individualisation of society goes hand in hand with the collective movements that emerged as a result of individual wants. There are not only internal factors leading to the emergence of collective forms of action, but also external ones and that's why the editors have chosen to encompass Hong Kong in their study. The authors argue that protest actions and movement taking place in the Mainland and Hong Kong have enabled both societies to expand their protest spaces. At a theoretical level, these developments lead us to reconceputalise citizenship as practised rather than as given. - Het uitgangspunt van dit boek is dat Chinese individuen van hun eigen inzet uit moeten kunnen gaan, ongeacht de beperkingen die hen door de staat worden opgelegd. Om hun belangen beter te kunnen verdedigen sluiten sommige individuen zich aan bij sociale bewegingen, die tot sociale protesten kunnen leiden.

The production, distribution, and perception of moving images are undergoing a radical transformation. Ever-faster computers, digital technology, and microelectronic are joining forces to produce advanced audiovision -the media vanishing point of the 20th century. Very little will remain unchanged. The classic institutions for the mediation of film - cinema and television - are revealed to be no more than interludes in the broader history of the audiovisual media. This book interprets these changes not simply as a cultural loss but also as a challenge: the new audiovisions have to be confronted squarely to make strategic intervention possible. Audiovisions provides a historical underpinning for this active approach. Spanning 100 years, from the end of the 19th to the end of the 20th century, it reconstructs the complex genesis of cinema and television as historically relative - and thus finite - cultural forms, focussing on the dynamics and tension in the interaction between the apparatus and its uses. The book is also a plea for 'staying power' in studies of cultural technology and technological culture of film. Essayistic in style, it dispenses with complicated cross references and, instead, is structured around distinct historical phases. Montages of images and text provide supplemental information, contrast, and comment. - De productie, de distributie, en de waarneming van bewegende beelden zijn onderhevig aan een radicale transformatie. Doordat steeds snellere computers en digitale technologie kracht bundelen, ontstaat er een nieuwe vorm van 'audiovisie'. Bijna niets zal hetzelfde blijven. De ooit 'normale' media voor het uitdragen van film - de bioscoop en de televisie - blijken niet meer te zijn dan een intermezzo in de geschiedenis van de audiovisuele media. Dit boek interpreteert de veranderingen niet als cultureel verlies maar als een uitdaging: de nieuwe 'audiovisie' moet anders benaderd worden om strategische interventie mogelijk te maken. 'Audiovisions' ondersteunt deze benadering op historische wijze. Door te kijken naar 100 jaar, van het eind van de negentiende tot aan het eind van de 20ste eeuw, laat het zien waarom de bioscoop en televisie als eindige, culturele vormen gezien moeten worden. Tevens is het boek een pleidooi voor ' blijvend kracht' van studies naar culturele technologie en de technologische cultuur van film. Essayistisch in stijl, is het boek gestructureerd rond verschillende historische fasen. De beelden en bij de tekst zorgen voor supplementaire informatie, contrast, en aanvullend commentaar.

This empirical study examines issues surrounding the integration of immigrants in Greece, in particular in Thessaloniki, as well as looking at migrants in neighbouring countries, Albania and Bulgaria. The book suggests that immigrants' integration should be understood in relation to broader processes of social change, which are increasingly connected to global forces. The transformation of Greece into a multicultural society has taken place during a period of transition and of increasing exposure to the international environment. Within this context, Thessaloniki has become a new home for immigrants from the Balkans in search of new identities. Integration is seen as a multifaceted and dynamic process. The concept of incorporation is critically introduced, in order to analyse both the ways by which migrants organise their lives in the host society and their structural, institutional and cultural conditions. The analytical framework is built upon an interdisciplinary approach that takes into account different incorporation contexts: socio-political responses, the labour market, housing and social space. A number of additional factors are also considered, e.g. the composition of migrant populations, migratory patterns and dynamics, the role of social networks, immigrants' strategies. The book provides an empirical account of the immigrants' characteristics, explaining the patterns and typologies of immigrants' integration in Greece. "Immigrants" become a social category "constructed" by exclusionary mechanisms: restrictive immigration policy, labour market exploitation, xenophobia. However, they do make a living in Thessaloniki; their integration is subject to time. gradually, immigrants become organic elements of the host society, which shapes, but is also being shaped by migration.